"Book of Jin·Biography of Tao Qian"
Tao Qian, courtesy name Yuanliang, was the great-grandson of Sima Kan. Zu Mao, governor of Wuchang. Qian Shao has a noble mind, is erudite and good at literature, is independent and uninhibited, is sincere and self-satisfied, and is valued by his neighbors. After reading "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", he described himself and said: "I don't know who Mr. Wuliu is. I don't know his surname. There is a Wuliu tree next to my house, so I thought it was called Yan. He is quiet and talks little, and does not seek glory and wealth. He likes reading and does not seek to understand everything. Every day I know that I will forget to eat. I am addicted to alcohol, but my family is poor. I know that if I drink it, I will drink it all, and I will get drunk. I have no regrets. , not protected from the wind and sun, short and brown, with empty baskets and ladles, Yan Ruye often wrote articles to entertain himself, expressing his ambitions, forgetting gains and losses, and ending his life with this. "This is what people at the time called it. Because his hometown was poor, he started to offer wine to the state. He was unable to hold the official position, so he was released and returned home after a few days. The state called the master to register, but he didn't do it, so he worked hard to finance his own work, so he became ill. He returned to the Zhenjun and joined the army in Jianwei. He said to his relatives and friends, "Do you think the qualifications of Sanjing are enough to talk about string singing?" When the deacon heard about it, he thought Peng Zeling. In the county, the public fields were ordered to grow rice and rice, and he said: "It is enough to make me drunk with wine." The wife insisted on planting japonica. So one hectare and fifty acres are used for rice cultivation and fifty acres for japonica. He is simple and noble, and he does not engage in personal affairs to get to the official position. The county sent the governor to the county. When the official Bai Ying saw him, he sighed and said: "I can't bend my waist for five buckets of rice, and I will do something evil to the villain in the village!" In the second year of Yixi, Jie When he went to the county, he wrote the poem "Returning to Lai Xi Ci". His speech said: Come back, will the fields be full of wild beards and will they not return? Since you regard your heart as a servant, you are ridiculed and melancholy and only sad? If you understand the past, you should not remonstrate, but if you know what is coming, you can pursue it. In fact, the lost path is not far away. I feel that what is now is but yesterday was not. The boat was sailing far away, the wind was blowing and the clothes were blowing. I asked Zheng husband about the way forward, and hated the dim light of the morning. Nai looks at the house and runs with joy. The servants come to welcome you, and the child waits at the door. The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. When I brought my child into the house, there was a bottle full of wine. Use the pot and goblet to drink for yourself, gaze at the courtyard to enjoy your face, lean against the south window to show your pride, and look at your appearance and ease your knees. The garden becomes interesting with sun exposure. Although the gate is set up, it is always closed; The clouds come out of Xiu without intention, and the birds know when they are tired of flying. They are about to enter when the scenery is obscured, and they linger around while caressing the lonely pine trees. Come back and come back, please pay me a farewell and stay with me for a long time. You will leave each other with me in this life. What can I ask for when you come back to me? Love words to please relatives, music on the piano and writing to soothe worries. The farmer told me that at the end of spring, something would happen in the west. They may be riding in chariots or in solitary boats, which are both graceful and graceful for finding ravines, and rugged for passing through hills. The trees are happy and prosperous, and the springs are trickling and beginning to flow. When I receive all kinds of good things, I feel that my life is over. That’s it! How long will it take to stay in Xingyu, and I can't decide whether to stay or leave, so why should I forget about it? Wealth and honor are not my wish, and an imperial homeland cannot be expected. In the morning of Huai Liang, I went alone, or planted a stick and planted vines, climbed to Donggao to soothe my whistle, and wrote poems near the clear stream. After a while, he recruited the scholar, but he didn't come. Now that Juezhou County has come to visit, his fellow countryman Zhang Ye and the people around him, Yang Songling, Chong Zun, etc., may ask for wine, or they may ask him to sit down at the wine table. Although they do not know the owner, they are happy and have no objections, and they become drunk. opposite. I haven't achieved anything yet, so I only visited farmhouses and Lushan Mountain to visit. Wang Hong, the governor of the Yuan Dynasty, came to Linzhou in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, but he was very late and later made his own. Qian said that the illness had disappeared, and then he said to others: "I am not a child of the world, and I stay idle because of my illness. Fortunately, I am not a pure person, and I admire my voice. How dare I take honor and evil from the prince Yu Zhen! I am wrong and think that I am unworthy. This is why Liu Gongqian is slandered. Gentleman, his crime is not trivial. "Every time Hong asked people to wait for him, he knew that he was going to Lushan, so he sent his old friend Pang Tongzhi and others to drink wine before he arrived halfway. As soon as he met the wine, he drank in the outdoor pavilion and happily forgot to enter. Hongnai went out to meet him and had a feast. Qian has no shoes, so Hong Gu makes shoes for him. Please go to the left and right to pass the order, and it is convenient for you to sit down and apply your feet to order the course. When Hong Yao returned to the state, he asked what he was riding on, and he replied: "I have always had foot problems, and when I ride on a blue chariot, my feet are self-defeating." He then ordered one of his disciples and two sons to take Zhi to the state, and he said that he would smile and reward him. I don't think he is envious of Huaxuan. When Honghou wanted to see him, he often waited for him in the forest. As for the shortage of wine and rice, they also support each other from time to time. His relatives and friends have good things to do, or they go there with wine and food, but they don't say anything about it. Every time you get drunk, you feel at ease. He does not make a living, and all housework is delegated to his children and servants. There is no hint of joy or excitement, but when there is wine, he drinks it. Even if there is no wine, he still sings gracefully. He said that he was idle in the summer months, lying high under the north window, with the breeze blowing, and he called himself Emperor Xi. His nature was incomprehensible, and he had a simple qin with no strings and emblems. Every time he had a drinking party, he would caress him and say, "If you only know the fun in the qin, why bother to play the strings?" Yuanjia of the Song Dynasty died at that time. Sixty-three, all collections of works are published in the world. Shi Chen said: A gentleman's path is different, which is called the obvious and the obscure. When he comes out, he allows the common people to regulate the government and helps the time with Dao; when he goes out, he uplifts the noisy people and shepherds himself with humility. If you look for the meaning in detail, it will be wrong.
Gonghe lived in the cave, his clothes were only made of grass, he warned his uncle to focus on the mirror at night; there was a temple in the place where the majestic chariot was, and he was not wearing any silk. He faced Zi Jing and Chen Zhenzhi: the scene was destroyed without chasing, the willow bird, Shang Ping And so on. Xia Tong called him a filial friend from far away, and he sang the song "Little Sea". Then Wu Xu still exists; if the heart of solid stone is strong, then Gonglu will be especially ashamed. I am lucky to have Luo Bin's view at that time. I believe what I said. In the Song Dynasty, Xianyou was full of ambitions, and the clear rules reflected the drawings. Yang Xuan praised his portraits, and the horses sighed at his dragons. The mysterious and empty names are actually beautiful. The rest of the sons, some were removed from official positions due to illness, some wrote essays and corrected the customs, some sat in a basket and faced the people of the time, some lived in Hengmi while sailing and fishing, containing and hiding the plain, taking advantage of the road to hide the glory, unyielding to their ambitions, and inspiring the breeze. Come and leave. Praise says: Having a high rank will lead to fatigue, and cultivating a reputation will satisfy your desires. It is true that the group of scholars is transcendent and unconventional. Yangcuiyan, the silent forest music. Excite greed and end competition, and you will always be proud.
Translation
Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming), whose courtesy name is Yuanliang, is the great-grandson of Tao Kan, the great Sima. His grandfather, Tao Mao, once served as the prefect of Wuchang. When he was young, he had a noble mind, was knowledgeable and good at writing, free and generous without being formal, and was proud of his true temperament, so he was valued by his neighbors in the village. I once wrote "The Biography of Mr. Five Willows" to describe myself: "I don't know who Mr. Wu is or his name. There are five willow trees next to the house, so he takes this as his nickname. He is quiet and quiet and talks little. He does not like vanity and wealth. He likes to read. , but did not explain thoroughly, once he understood the content of the book, he was so happy that he forgot to eat, but his family was poor and could not get it often, so he would sometimes buy wine to invite him over. When he goes to drink, he will definitely finish it. After getting drunk, he will not restrain his emotions at all. The walls of the house are empty, there is no protection from the sun and rain, the old clothes are very tattered, and the food container is often empty, but he doesn't care. "I often write articles for my own entertainment, which can show my ambition, and I don't care about gains and losses. I use this to end my life." His preface is said to be a true record. The person in charge heard about it and appointed him as Peng Zeling. He has always been simple and self-loving and never flattered his superiors. The county sent the governor to his county. His subordinates said that he should put on his belt (wear formal clothes) to see the governor. Tao Qian sighed and said: "I can't bend (lose my dignity) for five bushels of rice (these salary). I am cautious." Do things for the little people in the countryside!" In the second year of Yixi, he returned the seal and ribbon and left Pengze County, so he wrote "Return and Lai Xi Ci". On a moonlit night in summer, when I had free time, I would lie high up under the north window, and the breeze would suddenly hit my face, making me feel like Emperor Xi. Tao Qian didn't understand music, but he had a qin with no five notes. Whenever his friends drank together, he would play the qin and listen to the music and say, "As long as you understand the true meaning of the qin, why bother with the strings to make the sound." Tao Qian He died in the middle of the Song and Yuan Dynasties at the age of sixty-three, and his collection of essays has been circulated around the world. Because his relatives were old and poor, Yan Zhao appointed him to offer wine to the state. He didn't wait to endure the position of an official and went home on his own within a few days. The state hired him as chief clerk, but he refused to go and farmed to support himself, so he became emaciated. He also joined the Zhenjun and Jianwei army, and said to his relatives and friends: "I want to be a civil servant to earn some money to support my family." The people in charge of these things heard about it and appointed him as Peng Zeling. In the county, all public fields were ordered to be planted with rice (which can be used to make wine), saying: "It's enough to keep me drunk." His wife and children insisted on planting japonica rice. So he ordered that fifty acres of one hectare be planted with rice seedlings and fifty acres of japonica rice. He has always been simple and self-loving and never flattered his superiors. The county sent the governor to his county. His subordinates said that he should put on his belt (wear formal clothes) to see the governor. Tao Qian sighed and said: "I can't bend down (lose my dignity) for five bushels of rice (these salary). I am cautious." Do things for the little people in the countryside!" In the second year of Yixi, he returned the seal and ribbon and left Pengze County, so he wrote "Return and Lai Xi Ci". The words are written like this: Go back, the countryside is going to be deserted, why don't you go back! Since you think your mind is controlled by your body, why do you feel melancholy and sad alone? Realize that the mistakes of the past are irreversible, and know that there is still time to make amends for the future. In fact, we have not gone astray too far. We have already realized that today is "yes" and yesterday was "no". The boat floated gently on the water, and the breeze gently blew the clothes. I asked pedestrians about the road ahead, but unfortunately it was just getting light. I just saw my house, and I was so happy that I ran. The servants came to greet him happily, and the children waited at the door. Although the courtyard paths will be deserted, the pines and chrysanthemums in the garden are still there. I took the child into the inner room, where there were bottles filled with wine. I took the jug and glass and poured myself a drink. I looked at the trees in the yard and felt very happy. Leaning against the south window, I expressed my pride in the world, knowing that it would be easier to be comfortable living in a small house.
Walking in the garden every day is a pleasure of its own. Although there is a garden gate, it is often closed. Holding a cane, strolling or resting leisurely anywhere, raise your head and look into the distance from time to time. Clouds and smoke drift naturally from the cave, and birds know how to return when they are tired of flying. As the daylight faded and the sun was about to set, I lingered stroking the lonely pine. Go back and cut off all contact with the outside world. Since the secular world is contrary to my obedience, what else can I ask for when traveling by car? Confidential words among relatives can make people feel happy, and playing the piano and reading can relieve boredom and sorrow. The farmers told me that spring has come and I will go to the west to cultivate the fields. Sometimes they were riding in a small car with a cloth cover, and sometimes they were rowing a small boat. Not only explore the deep and winding ravines, but also pass through the rugged hills. The trees grew prosperously and the springs began to flow. I envy all things that coincide with the season of prosperity and growth, and lament that my life is about to end. Forget it! How long can your body remain in heaven and earth (how long can you live in this world)? Why not live and die as you please and let nature take its course? Why are you so restless? Where do you want to go? Seeking wealth and honor is not my wish, and there is no hope of becoming a god. Cherish the good times and go out alone. Sometimes I use a cane to weed and cultivate seedlings. Climb the high hill to the east and roar loudly. Recite poems in front of the clear flowing water. Let's just go with the changes of nature until the end of our life. Le'an Destiny, what else is there to doubt?