Suzhou Gardens uses engineering technology and artistic methods in certain areas
Suzhou Garden Landscape (20 photos), by transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, stacking stones, The beautiful natural environment and recreational realm created through water management, planting trees and flowers, building buildings and laying out garden paths are called gardens. Suzhou is a famous national historical and cultural city in China, with the reputation of "Paradise on Earth, City of Gardens". This place has always been famous for its beautiful mountains and rivers and elegant gardens. It is known as "the gardens south of the Yangtze River are the best in the world, and the gardens of Suzhou are the best in the south of the Yangtze River". Suzhou classical gardens "gain the pleasure of mountains and rivers without leaving the city walls, and feel like spiritual springs while living in a busy city." In 1985, Suzhou gardens were rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. As a world-renowned historical and cultural city, Suzhou has accumulated the essence of Wu culture for more than 2,500 years. Around the 11th century BC, the local tribe named themselves "Gou Wu" and Suzhou was called "Wu". In 514 BC, King Helu of Wu established his capital here. Its scale and location have not changed to this day, making it rare in the world. With the majestic scenery of lakes and mountains, the vastness of the smoke, and the poetic charm of the small bridges and flowing water in the Jiangnan water town - Suzhou is rich and beautiful, known as the "Land of Fish and Rice in the South of the Yangtze River", and is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities announced in China. Suzhou has been the economic and cultural center of Jiangnan since ancient times. Its urban layout remains intact, its mountains and rivers are beautiful, and its natural landscape is unique. It is a famous tourist attraction. The famous Suzhou gardens use the technique of miniaturization to give people an artistic effect of seeing the big in a small way, winning Suzhou the reputation of "the city of gardens". As typical examples of Suzhou classical gardens, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master of the Nets Garden and the Huanxiu Villa were produced during the heyday of the development of private gardens in Suzhou. The natural beauty of Suzhou gardens is characterized by its profound artistic conception, exquisite construction, elegant art and rich cultural connotation. It has become a model and representative of many classical gardens in Suzhou. Suzhou is famous for its gardens, which make people marvel at the ingenuity and natural sophistication of gardening. Classical gardens represented by the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master of the Nets Garden, and Huanxiu Villa were included in the "World Cultural and Natural Heritage List" in December 1997 (Canglang Pavilion was added in 2000). The Lion Grove Garden, Couple Garden, Art Garden, and Tuisi Garden are world cultural heritage sites. Among them, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden and Liuyuan Garden respectively represent the Song Dynasty (960-1276 AD), Yuan (1271-1368 AD) and Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD)
Suzhou's garden environment (19 photos) and the artistic styles of the four dynasties of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD) are known as the "Four Famous Gardens" in Suzhou. List of major gardens in Suzhou: Private gardens: Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove, Humble Administrator’s Garden, Lingering Garden, Master of the Nets Garden, Art Garden, Huanxiu Villa, Couple Garden Buddhist gardens: Baoen Temple (North Temple Tower), West Garden, Hanshan Temple , Twin Pagodas, Ruiguang Pagoda Royal Gardens: Huqiu (Wu King Helu Tomb), Lingyan Mountain (Wu King Palace)
Edit this paragraph Suzhou climate
Suzhou is located in the temperate zone. It has four distinct seasons, a mild climate and abundant rainfall. It has a north subtropical humid monsoon climate, with an average annual precipitation of 1,100 mm, an annual average temperature of 15.5°C, and an average January temperature of 2.5°C. The average temperature in July is 28℃. The city's terrain is low and flat, with plains accounting for 55% of the total area. The water network is densely covered, the land is fertile, the products are rich, the rainfall is abundant, the rice in the plains is fragrant, the blue waves are leaping with fish, and the agricultural and sideline products are very rich. The poems "Lotus", "Peach Blossoms and Flowing Waters with Mandarin Fish Fat", "Buying water chestnuts in the night market, and spring boats carrying Qiluo" are the praises and eulogies of Suzhou's rich products by poets of all ages. Suzhou Gardens
Mainly grow rice, wheat, and rapeseed, and produce cotton, sericulture, and forest fruits. Special products include Biluochun tea, Yangtze saury, Taihu whitebait, and Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs. Suzhou is well-known as the "Land of Fish and Rice" and "The House of Silk", and is known as the "Paradise on Earth". Topography Suzhou City belongs to two provincial-level natural geographical areas: the delta plain area along the Yangtze River and the Taihu Plain area. It is divided into four second-level natural areas: the sandbank area along the river plain, the Suxi plain area, the Taihu Lake and lakeside hilly area, and the Yangtze River Plain area. Chengdian Mao low area. The landform features are dominated by gentle plains. The city's terrain is low and flat, slowly sloping from west to east. The altitude of the plains is 3 to 4 meters, while that of Yangcheng Lake and Wujiang is only about 2 meters.
Edit this paragraph Garden Culture
The history of Suzhou classical gardens can be traced back to the gardens of King Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period in the 6th century BC. Private gardens were first recorded in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4th century) The Pijiang Garden has flourished in the past dynasties, and there are more and more famous gardens.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou became the most prosperous area in China, with private gardens scattered inside and outside the ancient city. In its heyday from the 16th to the 18th century, Suzhou had more than 200 gardens, and now there are dozens of them that are still well preserved, giving Suzhou the reputation of "Paradise on Earth". As typical examples of Suzhou's classical gardens, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master of the Nets Garden and the Huanxiu Villa were produced during the heyday of Suzhou's private garden development. A model and representative of classical gardens. Freehand landscape art thought Chinese gardening art has far-reaching historical origins with Chinese literature and painting art. It is especially influenced by the freehand landscape paintings of literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is a model of freehand landscape simulation by literati. In the process of its development, Chinese gardens have formed two major series, including royal gardens and private gardens. The former is concentrated in Beijing, and the latter is represented by Suzhou. Due to the differences in political, economic, cultural status and natural and geographical conditions, there are obvious differences between the two in terms of scale, layout, volume, style, color, etc. The royal gardens are famous for their grandness, strictness, grandeur, and beauty, while Suzhou gardens are famous for their grandeur, strictness, grandeur, and beauty. Gardens are famous for their small, free, delicate, elegant and artistic style. Because the latter pays more attention to the harmony and unity of culture and art, the royal gardens that developed into the late period also drew heavily on the "freehand brushwork" techniques of private gardens in terms of artistic conception, creative ideas, architectural techniques, and humanistic content. Perfect living conditions and living environment. Suzhou classical gardens and houses are integrated into one, which can be admired, visited and lived in. The formation of this architectural form is due to the human attachment to nature and the pursuit of harmony with nature in a city with dense population and lack of natural scenery. A kind of creation to live in harmony, beautify and improve one's own living environment. The four classical gardens, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master of Nets Garden and the Huanxiu Villa, have complete architectural types and are well preserved. They systematically and comprehensively display the layout, structure, shape, style, color, decoration and furniture of Suzhou's classical garden architecture. , furnishings and other aspects, it is a representative work of Jiangnan folk architecture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (14th to the beginning of the 20th century). It reflects the high degree of residential civilization in the Jiangnan region of China during this period. It has influenced the architectural style of the entire Jiangnan city and promoted folk The design, conception, layout, aesthetics and construction technology of the building are closer to it, reflecting the scientific and technological level and artistic achievements of urban construction at that time. Rich social and cultural connotation One of the important features of Suzhou gardens is that it is not only a product of history and culture, but also the carrier of Suzhou gardens
Chinese traditional thought and culture. It is reflected in the naming, plaques, couplets, writing stones, carvings, decorations, as well as the meanings of flowers and trees, stacked stones, etc. in the garden halls. They are not only exquisite works of art that decorate the gardens, but also store a large amount of historical, cultural, ideological and scientific information. , its material content and spiritual content are extremely profound and broad. Some of them reflect and spread various philosophical concepts and schools of thought such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism; some promote the philosophy of life and cultivate noble sentiments; and some use classical poetry and literature to embellish, develop, and exaggerate the garden landscape to make people feel happy. While enjoying the sightseeing, you can turn the scenery into emotions, produce artistic conception and gain spiritual satisfaction. The garden collects well-preserved handwritings of famous Chinese calligraphers from past dynasties, which are precious works of art and have extremely high cultural relic value. In addition, Suzhou classical gardens are residential gardens that combine a house and a garden, and their architectural regulations reflect the lifestyle and etiquette customs of ancient Chinese Jiangnan folk. They are physical materials for understanding and studying ancient Chinese Jiangnan folk customs. [1] Suzhou classical gardens have always been called "literati gardens". Bai Juyi said in "The Thatched Cottage": "Cover the earth to form a platform, gather stones to form a mountain, and surround water to form a pond." This is the paradigm of literati gardens. Suzhou gardens fully embody the theme of "natural beauty". In the design and construction, various techniques such as borrowing scenes, opposing views, dividing views, and separating views are used to organize the space according to local conditions, resulting in a garden with twists and turns, a small and a large, and a mixture of virtual and real. landscape art effect. By stacking mountains and clearing water, planting flowers and trees, and arranging garden buildings, a poetic literati freehand landscape garden is formed, creating an "urban forest" in the city where man and nature live in harmony. Suzhou gardens absorb the essence of Jiangnan garden architectural art and are China's outstanding cultural heritage
Suzhou garden architecture (16 photos) is naturally listed as a human and natural cultural heritage by the United Nations. Suzhou gardens are good at cleverly combining limited space into ever-changing scenery, and are characterized by their small and exquisite structure. Master of Nets Garden, Lion Grove Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Liuyuan Garden are collectively known as the "Four Famous Gardens in Suzhou" and are known as "the gardens south of the Yangtze River are the best in the world, and Suzhou gardens are the best in the south of the Yangtze River".
Suzhou gardens represent the style and artistic level of Chinese private gardens and are a rare tourist destination. Suzhou gardens are the art of time and the art of history. The large number of plaques, couplets, calligraphy and paintings, sculptures, steles, furniture and furnishings, various ornaments, etc. in the garden are all exquisite works of art that decorate the garden, and they all contain ancient Chinese philosophical concepts, cultural awareness and aesthetic taste. "The rain shocks the poems and dreams of banana leaves", this is a vivid portrayal of Suzhou gardens; "The sound of books carried by the wind brings out lotus flowers", this is the best description of the artistic conception of the gardens. Classic windows and doors of time lead us into the "Suzhou Gardens".
Edit this section World Heritage Honors
Classic Gardens
Humble Administrator's Garden
(English name: The Classical Gardens of Suzhou) World The Heritage Committee commented on Suzhou's classical gardens: No garden better embodies the ideal quality of Chinese classical garden design than the gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, which can recreate the world within a short distance. Suzhou gardens are recognized as a model for realizing this design idea. These gardens, built between the 11th and 19th centuries, with their exquisite designs, reflect the profound artistic conception of Chinese culture that draws on nature but transcends it. The Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master of the Nets Garden and the Huanxiu Villa among the Suzhou gardens were included in the World Heritage List in 1997 according to the cultural heritage selection criteria C (Ⅰ) (Ⅱ) (Ⅲ) (Ⅳ) (Ⅴ) In 2000, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove, Art Garden, Couple Garden, and Tuisi Garden were approved to be included in the World Heritage List as extension projects of Suzhou classical gardens.
Heritage registration process
In 1997, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Liuyuan Garden, the Master of the Nets Garden and the Huanxiu Villa were listed as world cultural heritage as representatives of Suzhou classical gardens. In 2000, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove Garden, Couple Garden, Art Garden and Tuisi Garden were also listed as world cultural heritage as extension projects of Suzhou classical gardens.
Evaluation of heritage registration
Registered because it meets the following evaluation criteria for world cultural heritage: Suzhou Gardens
(1) Represents a unique artistic achievement, a A masterpiece of creative genius; (2) It can have a great impact on the development of architectural art, monumental art, town planning or landscape design within a certain period of time or in a certain cultural region of the world; (3) It can be an already existing work. A lost civilization or cultural tradition provides a unique or at least special testimony; (4) An outstanding example of a certain architectural style in the development of human history; (5) It can be used as an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement or use place, representing A culture (or cultures) becomes susceptible to damage, especially under the influence of irreversible changes.
Edit this garden list
The Lingering Garden
The Lingering Garden is one of the four famous gardens in China. The Liuyuan Garden is located outside Changmen in Suzhou City and was built in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called "Hanbi Villa", commonly known as "Liu Garden", and later changed to "Liu Garden". The Liuyuan Garden covers an area of ??about 50 acres. The central part is dominated by mountains and rivers, which is the essence of the whole garden. The main buildings include Hanbishan House, Mingse Building, Yuancui Pavilion Quxi Building, Qingfengchi Pavilion, etc. The Liuyuan Garden has the largest number of buildings among all gardens in Suzhou, and its outstanding spatial treatment fully reflects the superb skills and outstanding wisdom of ancient gardeners. It ranks first among Suzhou gardens for its proper handling of architectural space. The Liuyuan Garden is divided into four parts. In one garden, you can enjoy four different scenery: landscape, pastoral, forest, and garden: the middle part is famous for its waterscape, which is the essence of the whole garden; the eastern part is famous for the architecture of the winding courtyard and cloister. In the east of the garden, there are the famous Hall of Good Sunny, Happy Rain and Quick Snow, Linquan Elderly Hall, Huanwo Reading Room, Guanyuntai, Guanyun Tower and more than ten rooms and pavilions. There are three stone peaks standing behind the pool in the courtyard, in the middle. It is called Shiguanyun Peak, with two peaks of Ruiyun and Xiuyun on both sides. The northern part has rural scenery and a new bonsai garden; the western part is the highest point of the whole garden, with wild charm and unique rockeries, with alternating earth and rocks, piled up naturally. Chinan Hanbi Mountain House and Mingse Tower are the main viewing buildings of the Liuyuan Garden. The architectural landscape in the Liuyuan Garden also includes "Xiao Taoyuan (Xiao Penglai)", which expresses the calmness of living indifferently, as well as Yuancui Pavilion, Quxi Tower, Qingfengchi Pavilion, etc.
Art Garden
Art Garden is a famous garden built in the Ming Dynasty. It was originally built by Yuan Zugeng, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty. It was originally named "Zuiyingtang" Suzhou Art Garden
. It was later owned by Wen Zhengming's great-grandson, the left minister of the Ministry of Rites in the late Ming Dynasty and the bachelor of Dongge University (equivalent to the deputy prime minister). Wen Zhenmeng changed its name to "Medicine Garden".
After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it was owned by Jiang Cai (named Jingting), a Jinshi of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, and was renamed "Jingting Shanfang". Later, his son Jiang Shijie changed its name to "Yipu". During the Daoguang period, it was the seat of Qixiang Gong of the silk and satin industry. The art garden is a small garden with artistic characteristics of the Ming Dynasty. The layout of the whole garden is simple and cheerful, the style is natural and simple, and there is no tedious and artificial feeling. Its artistic value is far better than the garden works of the late Qing Dynasty. From the landscape layout, pavilions and pavilions to the detailed treatment of every stone and tree, the simple and elegant style features are all revealed, and the basic concept of gardening is outlined in a concise way. The Art Garden was built in the Ming Dynasty and was known as the Medicine Garden. It was renamed the Art Garden in the early Qing Dynasty.
Coupling Garden
It is located in Xiaoxingang Lane, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is named after the East and West Gardens. East Garden was built in the early Qing Dynasty as Coupling Garden
. It was originally called Sheyuan and was later expanded into its current situation. The main door of the residence is in the south. You can enter the West Garden through the foyer, sedan hall, and the small door on the west wall in front of the hall. The main hall in the garden is an old house with weaving curtains. There are courtyards in the north and south, both with rockeries. There is a library in the northeast corner of the north courtyard, which is connected to the residence. It is a good example of combining the library with the courtyard. Go east from the residential hall, pass through the second floor of the small courtyard and the small living room, and reach the East Garden. The area of ??the east garden is about twice that of the west garden, with a rockery in the northwest and a pool in the southeast. The main hall at the north end is the Chengqu Thatched Cottage, which is a double-eaves building with three main halls below and a double-story building above, adjacent to the residence. It is a rare example in Suzhou gardens. The yellow stone rockery in front of the hall is stacked with superb craftsmanship. It is divided into two parts: the eastern part is larger, with stone steps to climb the stone walls of the pond, and is majestic; the western part is smaller, gradually descending, with the "Valley" between the two mountains,
Humble Administrator's Garden
Humble Administrator's Garden
The Humble Administrator's Garden, together with the Summer Palace in Beijing, Chengde Summer Resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, are known as the four most famous classical gardens in my country and are known as the "Mother of Chinese Gardens". Now it is National key cultural relics protection unit. The Humble Administrator's Garden is located in Loumen, Suzhou. It is the largest garden in Suzhou and a representative work of Suzhou gardens. It was built in the Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty. The Humble Administrator's Garden is divided into three parts: East Garden, Middle Garden and West Garden. The Dongyuan is alternated with mountains and ponds, dotted with buildings such as the Xiang Pavilion and the Orchid Snow Hall. The water surface in the west is circuitous and the layout is compact. Pavilions are built near the mountains and rivers. Its main building, the Yuanyang Hall, was a place where the owner of the garden entertained guests and listened to music. The furnishings in the hall are exquisite. The "Pavilion with whom I sit" in the garden is a fan pavilion. There are two fan-shaped empty windows on the solid walls on both sides of the fan. One faces the reflection tower, the other faces the "Yuanyang Hall", and the one behind it faces the mountain. The window just reflects the Li Pavilion entering the mountain, and the top of the Li Pavilion perfectly matches a complete fan. The Central Garden is the essence of the Humble Administrator's Garden. Its overall layout is centered on the pool, with pavilions and pavilions built along the water. It has the characteristics of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The main building, Yuanxiang Hall, is located on the south bank of the pool, facing the east and west mountain islands of the main scenery across the pool. There is a pavilion built on each mountain island, the Xuexiangyunwei Pavilion in the west and the Waiting for Frost Pavilion in the east. The scenery of the four seasons changes with time. The layout of the central garden of the Humble Administrator's Garden is centered on the lotus pond, with Yuanxiang Hall as the main building and the two islands in the pool as the main scenery. Most of the other buildings are facing the water and facing Yuanxiang Hall. Judging from the building names, most of them are related to lotus. . The reason why Wang Xianchen promoted lotus so vigorously was mainly to express his aloof and noble character. [2] The western part was originally the "Buyuan", covering an area of ??about 12.5 acres. The water surface is circuitous and the layout is compact. Pavilions are built close to the mountains and rivers. Due to extensive reconstruction, the craftsmanship and artificial artistic style formed after Qianlong prevailed. However, the water and stone parts are still closer to the central scenic area, while the undulating, winding, and passing water corridors and streams are Suzhou gardens. A masterpiece of gardening art.
Canglang Pavilion
Canglang Pavilion is located in the south of Suzhou City. It is the oldest garden in Suzhou. It was first built in Qing Canglang Pavilion in the Northern Song Dynasty
Over the years (1041-1048 AD), it was the residence of the famous general Han Shizhong in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty (early 12th century AD). The gardening art of Canglang Pavilion is unique. Before entering the garden gate, there is a pool of green water surrounding the garden. The main scenery in the garden is mountains and rocks. Facing an earth mountain, Canglang Stone Pavilion is located on it. There is a pool dug at the foot of the mountain, and the mountains and rivers are connected by a winding corridor. The Mingdao Hall in the southeast of the rockery is the main building of the garden. In addition, there are other buildings such as the Five Hundred Xian Temple, Kanshan Tower, Cuilinglong Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion and Yubei Pavilion. The layout of the whole garden is natural and harmonious, which can be called a masterpiece with ingenious conception and appropriate techniques. Together with the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Liuyuan Garden, it is listed as one of the four major gardens in Suzhou during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. This garden has changed owners several times and has gone through vicissitudes of life, but most of the buildings were destroyed and repaired, while the rockeries in the garden and the pool outside the garden have mostly maintained their old appearance.
Lion Forest
Suzhou Lion Forest Sketch
The Lion Forest is one of the four famous gardens in Suzhou, with a history of more than 600 years. Located in the northeast of Suzhou City, it was built in the second year of Zhizheng of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1342). Because there are many stone peaks in the park, many of which look like lions, it is named "Lion Forest". The Lion Forest is rectangular in plan and covers an area of ??about 15 acres. There are many and exquisite lake rocks and rockeries in the forest, and the buildings are scattered in an orderly manner. The main buildings include Yanyu Hall, Jianshan Tower, Feipu Pavilion, Wenmei Pavilion, etc. The Lion Forest has a clear theme, rich depth of field, distinct personality, unique rockery caves, and unique charm to every plant and tree. The main building in the park is Yanyu Hall, with a small square hall behind it and a Lixue Hall. To the west, you can reach Zhiboxuan, where the lion forest and autumn scenery
It is a two-story attic, surrounded by verandas, high and elegant. It means that to the west of Baixuan is the ancient Five Pine Garden. The southwest corner is Jianshan Building. From Jianshan Tower to the west, you can reach the Lotus Hall. A Zhenqu Pavilion is built near the pond in the northwest of the hall. The pavilion is beautifully decorated with algae and lifelike figures and flowers. There are two-story stone boats next to the pavilion. On the other side of the stone boat is the Dark Fragrance Film Studio. From there, follow the corridor and turn south to reach the Fei Waterfall Pavilion, which is the highest point in the whole garden. The center of the scenery in the west of the garden is Wenmei Pavilion, and in front of the pavilion is Shuangxian Incense Pavilion. Shuangxiang Fairy Pavilion goes south and turns east. There is a fan pavilion in the southwest corner and a small courtyard behind the pavilion, which is fresh and elegant.
Master of the Nets Garden
Master of the Nets Garden is located in the southeast of Suzhou City. It was first built in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 AD) and was called "Yuyin" at that time. The Master of Nets Garden was rebuilt during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1796 AD), and was renamed "Shining Nets Garden" based on the old meaning of "Yuyin". The Lion Garden covers an area of ??about half a hectare and is the smallest garden in Suzhou. The main buildings in the garden include Cong Guixuan, Zhuoying Water Pavilion, Kansong Duhua Pavilion, Dian Chunyan, etc. All the pavilions, terraces and pavilions in Master of the Nets Garden are close to water. There is water everywhere in the garden. The various buildings are well coordinated and compact in layout. They are known for their exquisiteness and have a typical Ming Dynasty style. The Garden of the Master of the Nets was the former site of the "Wanjuan Hall" of Shi Zhengzhi, a Yangzhou scholar who was a bibliophile and minister in the Song Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Song Zongyuan, a retired Shaoqing of Guanglu Temple, purchased and rebuilt the garden. The garden was named "Master of the Nets" garden". Net Master means fisherman or fisherman, and is consistent with "Yu Yin", which means living in seclusion in the rivers and lakes. Net Master Garden means "the garden of the fisherman and the old man". This name borrows from the old meaning of "Yu Yin", and It is homophonic with the name of the alley "Wang Si (one name is Wang Si, now Kuojie Alley)". The landscape layout and the names of scenic spots in the park contain a strong atmosphere of seclusion.
Tuisi Garden
Tuisi Garden
Tuisi Garden is located on Dongxi Street, Tongli Town, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province. It is the main scenic spot of the ancient town. It was founded by Ren Lanxian in the Qing Dynasty. It was built by a man who retired from office and returned to his hometown, which means "if you retreat, you will think about your mistakes", so it was named Tuisi Garden. The total area of ??Tuisi Garden is nine acres and eighty cents. This garden has changed from the previous vertical structure of the garden to a horizontal construction, with the house on the left, the courtyard in the middle, and the garden on the right. The layout of the whole garden is compact and natural, combined with plant embellishments, showing the scenery of the four seasons, giving people a sense of clarity and tranquility. Tuisi Garden is simple and elegant, with more than half of the water surface, and the buildings are close to the water. The garden seems to be floating on the water. It is the only water-closed garden building in the country. The residence in Tuisiyuan is divided into two parts: interior and exterior. The three entrances to the outer house - sedan hall (foyer), tea hall and main hall, are arranged along the axis with distinct levels. The outer house is mainly used for receiving guests, wedding events, and ancestor worship ceremonies. There are two paoma buildings with five floors and five bases in the north and south of the inner house, named "Wanxiang Building". The buildings are connected by double corridors. There is a ladder under the corridor to provide protection from wind and rain and to separate master and servant. The inner and outer houses can be divided or combined, and the layout is compact.
Huanxiu Villa
Huanxiu Villa is located at No. 262 Jingde Road in Suzhou City, now inside the Suzhou Embroidery Museum. This garden was originally the site of Huanxiu Villa
The Jingu Garden of the Qian family of Wuyue in the Five Dynasties, and became a private garden in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It currently covers an area of ??2179 square meters, including a construction area of ??754 square meters. The landscape is dominated by mountains, supplemented by pools of water, and there are not many buildings. Although the garden is small, it is very impressive. The lake stone rockery in the garden is the best in China and was created by Ge Yuliang, a famous stone stacker. It covers an area of ??only half an acre, but has all kinds of things in the mountains such as cliffs, peaks, caves, valleys, platforms, and paths. The main mountain in the east of the pool and the secondary mountain in the north of the pool are continuous and integrated, just like the mountains run through it and suddenly break into a cliff. And at the intersection of the Dengdao and the stream, you can see a line of blue sky and several clear streams. It is so majestic and beautiful, as if you are in the midst of thousands of mountains. The whole mountain is carefully processed and close to nature. Every stone and seam is well explained. It can be viewed from a distance or admired up close. No wonder it has the reputation of being "unique and unique in the south of the Yangtze River".
Edit this section on gardening techniques
The biggest attraction when visiting Suzhou gardens is the application of borrowed scenery and contrasting scenery in Chinese garden design. Chinese gardens pay attention to "different scenery with each step", and the arrangement of scenery and viewing positions are very cleverly designed. This is the main feature that distinguishes it from Western gardens. Chinese gardens try to perfectly reproduce the space and structure of the outside world in a limited internal space. In the garden, there are courtyards, terraces, pavilions, verandas and paths meandering among them. The inner and outer spaces penetrate each other, allowing smooth flow and flow. Through the lattice windows, the vast natural scenery is condensed into a miniature landscape. Inscriptions are everywhere, adding a rich humanistic flavor to the garden. The trickling clear stream passes by at your feet, reflecting the scenery in the garden. The virtual and the real are intertwined, taking the viewer from the tangible real world into an infinite dream space. In terms of techniques, borrowing scenery or incorporating the beautiful scenery outside the garden into the garden through careful selection and tailoring is called distant borrowing; or using one scene to set off another scene is called mutual borrowing, etc. . This not only allows Suzhou gardens with a limited area to provide richer landscapes and deeper levels, but also greatly expands the spatial experience of viewers. From the "Yihong Pavilion" in the Humble Administrator's Garden, you can see the North Temple Pagoda outside the garden; from the flower windows of the Canglang Pavilion, you can enjoy the bamboo forest outside the house. These are commonly used borrowing techniques. You can appreciate the charm of gardens in Mr. Ye Shengtao's article "The Humble Administrator's Gardens - Talking about Suzhou Gardens" (Lesson 21 of the 8th Chinese textbook). Chinese gardening art has far-reaching historical origins with Chinese literature and painting art. It is especially influenced by the freehand landscape paintings of literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is a model of freehand landscape simulation by literati. In the process of its development, Chinese gardens have formed two major series, including royal gardens and private gardens. The former is concentrated in Beijing, and the latter is represented by Suzhou. Due to differences in political, economic, cultural status and natural and geographical conditions, there are obvious differences between the two in terms of scale, layout, volume, style, color, etc. The royal gardens are famous for their grandness, strictness, grandeur, and beauty, while Suzhou gardens are famous for their grandeur, strictness, grandeur, and beauty. Gardens are famous for their small, free, delicate, elegant and artistic style. Because the latter pays more attention to the harmony and unity of culture and art, the royal gardens that developed into the late period also drew heavily on the "freehand brushwork" techniques of private gardens in terms of artistic conception, creative ideas, architectural techniques, and humanistic content.
Edit this paragraph Living Environment
Suzhou classical gardens and houses are integrated into one, which can be admired, visited and lived in. The formation of this architectural form is due to the dense population and lack of nature. In the beautiful city, human beings are attached to nature, pursue harmonious coexistence with nature, and beautify and improve their own living environment. The Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master of Nets Garden, and the Huanxiu Villa are four classical gardens with complete architectural types and complete preservation. They systematically and comprehensively display the layout, structure, shape, style, color, decoration, and furniture of Suzhou's classical garden architecture. , furnishings and other aspects, it is a representative work of Jiangnan folk architecture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (14th to the beginning of the 20th century). It reflects the high degree of residential civilization in the Jiangnan region of China during this period. It has influenced the architectural style of the entire Jiangnan city and promoted folk The design, conception, layout, aesthetics and construction technology of the building are closer to it, reflecting the scientific and technological level and artistic achievements of urban construction at that time. What a great historical building! One of the important features of Suzhou classical gardens is that it is not only a product of history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese thought and culture. It is reflected in the naming of garden halls, plaques, inscriptions, writing stones, carvings, decorations, as well as the meanings of flowers and trees, stacked stones to convey feelings, etc. They are not only exquisite works of art that decorate the garden, but also store a large amount of history, culture, thought and science. The information, material content and spiritual content are extremely deep and wide. Some of them reflect and spread various philosophical concepts and schools of thought such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism; some promote the philosophy of life and cultivate noble sentiments; and some use classical poetry and literature to embellish, develop, and exaggerate the garden landscape to make people feel happy. While enjoying the sightseeing, you can turn the scenery into emotions, produce artistic conception and gain spiritual satisfaction. The garden collects well-preserved handwritings of famous Chinese calligraphers from past dynasties, which are precious works of art and have extremely high cultural relic value. In addition, Suzhou classical gardens are residential gardens that combine a house and a garden, and their architectural regulations reflect the lifestyle and etiquette customs of ancient Chinese Jiangnan folk. They are physical materials for understanding and studying ancient Chinese Jiangnan folk customs.