The Yueyang Tower, known as "the water in Dongting and the towers in Yueyang" stands on the west gate of the ancient city of Yueyang. With its majestic momentum and majestic structure, it can be called the first of the three famous towers in the south of the Yangtze River. The most famous Yueyang Tower in the world has a unique structure and unique style. It has three floors, cornices, helmet tops and a pure wooden structure. The whole building is 25.35 meters high. It is rectangular in plan, 17.2 meters wide and 15.6 meters deep. It covers an area of ??251 square meters. In the middle of the building The four towering pillars, the eaves on the roof are pecking, and the building is magnificent and magnificent. From a distance, it looks like a Kunpeng about to fly in the sky, which is particularly majestic and magnificent.
The Yueyang Tower is based on the "Lu Su Military Parade Tower" of the Three Kingdoms and was developed from generation to generation. Before the Tang Dynasty, its function was mainly used for military purposes. It was a resort for tourists and romantic people to sightsee and recite poems and poems. At this time, Baling City had been changed to Yueyang City, and the Baling City Tower was also called Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong's Kaiyuan reign (76 AD), it was called After being demoted to Yueyang, Zhang Shuo, the "generous writer of Yan Khan", fell in love with the mountains and rivers. He often moved to the building with the literati to compose poems. Later, other great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Shangyin and Li Qunyu came one after another and wrote hundreds of thousands of poems. Gong Yixin's famous poems and verses have given Yueyang Tower a strong cultural connotation.
The Yueyang Tower became famous all over the world after Teng Zijing rebuilt it in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote "Yueyang Tower". Teng Zijing was worthy of being a far-sighted and famous minister. For a long time, no writing can be written unless it comes from great talents and great ministers." So he asked Fan Zhongyan, a great writer at that time, to write the "Yueyang Tower", which is famous throughout the ages. As soon as it was written, it was widely recited, although it only had 369 words. , but the breadth of its content, the profoundness of its philosophy, its majestic momentum, and its sonorous language are truly unique and can be called a masterpiece. Among them, the sentence "worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness" has become A timeless saying. Since then, Yueyang Tower has become even more famous at home and abroad. Poets and writers of all dynasties have left a large number of beautiful poems here, such as Yu Ji, Yang Weizhen, Yang Quan, Li Dongyang, He Jingming, Yuan Mei, Yao Nai, etc. all came here to quote Put your wine in the wind and go upstairs to chant.
In the history of Yueyang Tower for more than a thousand years, it has gone through many ups and downs, been destroyed and rebuilt many times, and has been repaired more than 30 times in recorded history. It was sung on top, and scholars climbed up to look at it and wander around." When it was destroyed, "huge waves hit it, and the moved guests and poets bowed their heads and died" (Zhang Derong of the Qing Dynasty, "Rebuilding the Yueyang Tower"), to the Republic of China In the last years, the building was dilapidated and dilapidated. "When the rooster sings and the world becomes white," the Yueyang Tower ushered in the first ray of light. After the founding of New China, the party and the government cherished the Yueyang Tower and carried out a thorough reconstruction. The later Yueyang Tower maintained its original scale and structure, as well as its original architectural art and historical features. The granite platform at the bottom of the building was increased by 30 centimeters, making the Xianmei Pavilion and Sanzui Pavilion in front of the Yueyang Tower more prominent. The floors are distinct and well-proportioned. The floor of the building is paved with ancient green. The four large nanmu pillars in the hall are original to the old building. The four large stone piers from the Song Dynasty still stand under the pillars. They were built in the 21st year of the Republic of China. The original three brick walls were replaced with carved and gilded doors and windows imitating the Ming and Qing styles. On the second floor, the verandah space was enlarged to broaden the view of visitors. On the front of the hall hangs "Yueyang Tower" written by Zhang Zhao, a famous Qing calligrapher. "Memory", composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. The third floor displays the poem "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" handwritten by the great man Mao Zedong and Du Fu. The original woodcut plaques are hung on each floor, and couplets of ancient and modern famous writers chanting the Yueyang Tower are also engraved. One of them There is a 102-character couplet on the building. The first couplet is "What's so strange about the first floor? Du Shaoling's five-character masterpiece, Fan Xiwen's two words about love, Teng Zijing's failure will prosper, Lu Chunyang will be drunk after three passes, Shiye, Confucianism, and Liye" "Xianye, I can't see the ancients before, so I burst into tears!" The second line reads: "Please take a look: Dongting Lake is at the south end of Xiaoxiang, the Yangtze River flows through the Wu Gorge, the refreshing air comes from the west of Baling Mountain, and the cliff border is on the east side of Yuezhou City. Those who flow, those who stand, those who suppress, there is a true meaning in this, who can understand it? "And a short couplet on the third floor has only eight words: "The water and the sky are the same color; the wind and the moon are boundless," signed "Chang Geng Li Bai."
"Yueyang Gate If you stand at the west gate of Yueyang Tower facing the lake and look towards Yueyang Tower, the first thing that catches your eye is the arched doorway made of giant granite stones, and the three golden characters engraved on the bluestone plaque - "Yueyang Gate" It seems that the writing is thin but dignified. It was inscribed by Huang Ningdao, the prefect of Yueyang, in the year of Qianlong (1747) in Jiaping month. It has now become an extremely precious cultural relic.
The Yueyang Gate belongs to Yueyang. The west gate of the ancient city. In ancient times, there were five city gates in Yueyang. The east gate was called Xiangchun Gate, the south gate was called Yingxun Gate, the north gate was called Chuwang Gate, the west gate was Yueyang Gate, and there was a small west gate. Except for the Yueyang Gate, which survives to this day, all other gates have been abandoned. The Yueyang Gate is about 4 meters high, more than 2 meters wide, and nearly 42 meters long. In addition, it is built on a hillock, spanning the majestic Yueyang Tower above and the vast Dongting below. The lake is particularly spectacular. No wonder Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty lamented that "the city is high and the tower is the most beautiful place."
To talk about the history of Yueyang Gate, we have to start from the Three Kingdoms period. Baqiu City was built with city walls across hillocks and ridges, facing Dongting in the west. The terrain was very dangerous. After that, every generation set up a city here and it never moved again. In the Tang Dynasty, Meng Haoran's "steaming clouds and dream lakes shook Yueyang City". Du Fu's "The river country is more than a thousand miles away, and the mountain city is only a hundred stories." This is what is described here. Later, it was destroyed year by year. In the hands of the Republic of China, only this section of the nearly 100-meter ancient city wall under the Yueyang Tower was left. According to records, this section of the city wall was still in Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the 40th year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1775).
Sanzui Pavilion is located on the north side of Yueyang Tower, echoing the Xianmei Pavilion on the south side of Yueyang Tower. According to Guangxu's "Baling County Chronicles": Sanzui Pavilion. It was first built in the 40th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty. It was originally named Wangxian Pavilion and was awarded by Xiong Mao, the magistrate of Baling County. This small pavilion was rebuilt on the site of the Pavilion and renamed Doumu Pavilion. During the Xianfeng period, both Yueyang Tower and Doumu Pavilion were in ruins. It was not until the sixth year of Tongzhi that Governor Zeng Guoquan allocated Yuekali tax to Yueyang Tower and Doumu Pavilion. Doumu Pavilion was completely renovated and renamed Sanzui Pavilion based on the story of Lu Dongbin’s three drunken nights in Yueyang Lou. Then it was destroyed again in the sixth year of Guangxu Period. Zhang Derong, the prefect of Yuezhou, allocated tea and donated money. It was rebuilt together with the Yueyang Tower. After liberation, the Sanzui Pavilion was repaired several times, but due to the weak foundation, it was rebuilt in 1977. The name of the Sanzui Pavilion was derived from the legend that Lu Dongbin was drunk at the Yueyang Tower, and it is popular among the people. Many stories.
According to Cihai records: "(Lü Dongbin)'s myths and legends probably originated in the Yuezhou area of ??the Northern Song Dynasty. "The current "Sanzui Pavilion" is a square pavilion imitating the architecture of the Song Dynasty. It is one of the auxiliary pavilions of the main building of Yueyang Tower. It covers an area of ??135.7 square meters, is 9 meters high, and has two floors and two eaves. The top is in the shape of a mountain, with red The pillars are blue and tiled, the doors and windows are exquisitely carved, the caisson is brightly painted, and the appearance is gorgeous and solemn. Like the Yueyang Tower, the Sanzui Pavilion is a pure wooden structure. The doors are carved with patterned window lattice and decorated with various carvings with legendary stories. On the screen on the first floor is a recumbent portrait of Lu Dongbin painted by Yin Benzhong of the Yueyang Tower Management Office. The author vividly expresses Lu Xian’s elegant demeanor and elegant demeanor. There is also a poem written by Lu Dongting: "Wandering in the North and Vietnam at Dusk." Cangwu, the green snake in the sleeve is brave. Three drunk people in Yueyang didn't know it, and they sang loudly and flew across Dongting Lake. "A couplet written by Fang Gongjun of the Qing Dynasty hangs on both sides of the screen: "Looking at the moon in the wind, there is sound and color; chanting poems and drinking wine, without me or anyone. "Upstairs, a wooden statue of Lu Dongbin is sitting in a sacred box niche. He is raising a glass in one hand and holding a book in the other, with a very dignified expression. On the forehead of the niche is the inscription "Poetry and Wine Immortal".
Xianmei Pavilion is located on the south side of Yueyang Tower. It is one of the auxiliary pavilions of the main building of Yueyang Tower. It is corresponding to Sanzui Pavilion. The pavilion covers an area of ??44 square meters and is 7 meters high. It is covered with green glazed tiles and looks like a green lotus.
The Xianmei Pavilion was first built in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty (1628-1644 AD). At that time, when the official Tao Zongkong rebuilt the Yueyang Tower, he also built this pavilion and named it Xianmei Hall. In the 40th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1775), when Xiong Maoxuan, the magistrate of Yuezhou, rebuilt the Yueyang Tower, it was rebuilt on the site. At the same time, the pavilion was changed from Xianmei Hall to Xianmei Pavilion.
In the sixth year of Tongzhi (AD 1867), when Governor Zeng Guoquan allocated Yuekali tax to completely renovate Yueyang Tower, Xianmei Pavilion also underwent a major renovation and was changed to Liuxian Pavilion. Not long after, in the sixth year of Guangxu (AD 1880), when Zhang Derong, the prefect, rebuilt Yueyang Tower, he changed Liuxian Pavilion into Mei Pavilion. After liberation, the pavilion underwent many repairs and has maintained its original appearance.
There are many legends about Xianmei Pavilion, and there are different opinions. What is really recorded in detail in writing is the bluestone slab erected in Xianmei Pavilion now. On one side is a picture of plum blossoms that the magistrate Xiong Maoxiang asked a painter to copy when he was repairing Yueyang Tower. On the other side is an inscription that he wrote personally to record the event.
Xiao Qiao's Tomb Xiao Qiao's Tomb, also known as Er Qiao's Tomb, is located to the north of Yueyang Tower. According to Guangxu's "Baling County Chronicle" quoted in "Yi Tong Zhi": "The tomb of Er Qiao of Wu in the Three Kingdoms is in the north of Fuzhi, Wu Sun Ce attacked Wan and captured the two daughters of Duke Qiao. He took Da Qiao into his home, and Xiao Qiao returned to Zhou Yu, who later died and was buried here." It also quoted from "Wushen Chronicles" that "the tomb is in today's Guangfengcang, or Xiao Qiao came from Zhou Yu’s town in Baqiu was buried withered, and Daqiao should not do this.” "Baling County Chronicles" also records that "Yu’s town of Baling was in Luling County, not today’s Baqiu." Pei also commented in "Three Kingdoms" that "Yu Baqiu, where the town was left, is Baqiu County, Luling County (today's Jiangxi Province). Baling, where Yu died due to illness, is Baling County, Changsha County, Jingzhou, Jin Dynasty (today's Yueyang City). "Which is right and which is wrong remains to be seen. research.
The area around Xiao Qiao’s cemetery is said to have been the military palace of Zhou Yu during the Three Kingdoms. The tomb was the garden of the military palace at that time. The cemetery has a quiet environment with luxuriant flowers and trees. Two privet trees are planted on the top of the tomb. The tombstone in front of the tomb is about one meter high. A letter was submitted to "Xiao Qiao's Tomb". Before the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there was no record of the repairs in the tomb. "Baling County Chronicle" records: "In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), the prefect Shen Yanying renovated it." There is no record after that. It is rumored that in the seventh year of Guangxu's reign, (1881 AD), the inspector Lu Baozong rebuilt the tomb and replanted two privet trees on the tomb. In 1993, Xiao Qiao's tomb was built on the south side of the tomb, surrounded by walls. Su Dongcheng's handwriting: "Reminiscent of Gong Jin's time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome." The tomb is a round mound of earth. There is a walking path around the tomb, and stone railings are added to protect it. The buildings in the garden are of brick and wood structure. Covered with cyan colored glaze, it has the style of Jiangnan gardens. Also known as the Tomb of Erqiao, it is located to the north of Yueyang Tower. According to Guangxu's "Baling County Chronicle" quoted from "Yitongzhi": "The tomb of Erqiao of Wu in the Three Kingdoms was in the north of Fuzhi. Wu Sunce attacked Anhui and got the two daughters of Duke Qiao, and he adopted Da Qiao. "Xiao Qiao returned to Zhou Yu and was buried here." It also quoted from "Wushen Zhi" that "the tomb is in today's Guangfengcang, or Xiao Qiao came from Zhou Yu's town Baqiu and was buried dead. Da Qiao should not be like this." ," "Baling County Chronicles" also records that "Baling, Yusuo Town, is in Luling County, not today's Baqiu." Pei's annotation in "Three Kingdoms Chronicles" also states: "Baqiu, Yusuo Town, is Baqiu County, Luling County ( In present-day Jiangxi Province), the place where Yu died of illness was in Baling County, Changsha County, Jingzhou, Jin Dynasty (now Yueyang City). "Which is true or false remains to be verified.
The area around Xiao Qiao’s cemetery is said to have been the military palace of Zhou Yu during the Three Kingdoms. The tomb was the garden of the military palace at that time. The cemetery has a quiet environment with luxuriant flowers and trees. Two privet trees are planted on the top of the tomb. The tombstone in front of the tomb is about one meter high. A letter was submitted to "Xiao Qiao's Tomb". Before the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there was no record of the repairs in the tomb. "Baling County Chronicle" records: "In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), the prefect Shen Yanying renovated it." There is no record after that. It is rumored that in the seventh year of Guangxu's reign, (1881 AD), the inspector Lu Baozong rebuilt the tomb and replanted two privet trees on the tomb. In 1993, Xiao Qiao's tomb was built on the south side of the tomb, surrounded by walls. Su Dongcheng's handwriting: "Reminiscent of Gong Jin's time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome." The tomb is a round mound of earth. There is a walking path around the tomb, and stone railings are added to protect it. The buildings in the garden are of brick and wood structure. Covered with cyan colored glaze, it has the style of Jiangnan gardens.
Huaifu Pavilion is located on the Wuping Terrace facing the lake in the courtyard of Yueyang Tower. Pass through the "Yueyang Gate" and go down the stone steps to Dianjiang Terrace, 100 meters south.
Huaifu Pavilion was built in 1962, which was also the 1,250th anniversary of the birth of Du Fu, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty in my country. At that time, relevant world organizations designated Du Fu as one of the four major cultural celebrities in the world. In order to commemorate this "Poetic Saint" who cared about the country and the people, the people of Yueyang City built this small pavilion at the place where Du Fu had been active in his later years, and named it "Huaifu Pavilion".
"Huaifu Pavilion" is an exquisite and elegant square pavilion facing south and north.
It covers an area of ??40 square meters and is 7 meters high. It has four large cement cast columns and is surrounded by railings. The upper part of the pavilion is a pure wooden structure, with exquisite wing ridge decorations and brightly painted caissons. There is a stone tablet erected in the pavilion. Du Fu's portrait and the poem "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" are engraved on the front, and his life and deeds are engraved on the north. There is a camphor wood plaque hanging in the county under the eaves in the north. The three vigorous, simple and golden characters "Huaifu Pavilion" were written by the great proletarian revolutionist Zhu De. Hanging on the pillar of the west pavilion is a couplet written by the famous Chinese poet and calligrapher Wu Zhangshu in 1979: "The boat is connected to Dongting, the world is devastated and there are tears in the sky; the soul returns to Luoshui, the world has changed and there is no poetry." The couplet expresses the author's great regret and infinite nostalgia for Du Fu's life experience.
According to historical records: Du Fu took a boat from Sichuan to Dongting in his later years and lived in Yuezhou. At that time, he was already down and out, his family was extremely poor, he only had a solitary boat, and he was drifting in the rivers and lakes. He came to Yueyang, climbed to the Yueyang Tower, and wrote many touching poems with mixed emotions. In particular, the poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower", with only forty words, not only describes the majesty of Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower, but also describes his own tragic experience and many state affairs. That concern for the country and its people. It is touching and heart-wrenching, and it has become the highlight of the ages. In the year of Tai, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to lead more than 10,000 soldiers to Yueyang, preparing to compete with Liu Bei for Jingzhou. After Lu Su came, he conscientiously implemented Sun Quan's decrees, built Baqiu City (today's Yueyang City), stepped up naval training, and built some military facilities in the west of the city near mountains and rivers to prepare for war, among which was Dianjiangtai. one.
The Dianjiang Platform is located by the lake outside the city gate. It is made of granite. There are steps to the north and south to go down to the lake. From a distance, it looks like an ancient city tower with high eaves and teeth and dragon heads carved on both ends. , the top is covered with glazed tiles, shining in the sun.