Brief introduction of the author
Wang Xizhi (303-36 1 year), Han nationality, was born in Linyi (present-day Shandong) and moved to Yin Shan (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), where his official position was more than seven feet (1.83m). His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, is a general of the right army, and is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting Collection in Running Script, etc. Intensive study of body posture, imitation of heart and pursuit of hand, learning from others' strengths, and casting in one furnace created a running script of "natural, rich in gods and the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations. Among them, Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers and is called "the best running script in the world". Wang Xizhi has profound attainments in original works, cursive script and calligraphy. Modern Liu Duo once praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy: "The only good word is Wang Xizhi".
The first post of China's calligraphy
Preface to Lanting is Wang Xizhi's masterpiece at the age of 565,438+0. It describes the spectacular scene of his meeting with many dignitaries and literati of the dynasty, and expresses his sigh for life and death. Under the mountain, by the sea of Maolin Bamboo, take a sip of wine, splash ink and write poems, and make a preface for everyone. The article is fresh and beautiful, and the calligraphy is elegant and generous. It has been regarded as the top grade by the book circles of past dynasties. Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in Song Dynasty, called it "the first post of China's running script". Therefore, Wang Xizhi was also honored as a "book saint" by later generations. Later generations have received many praises when studying his calligraphy art: "Beautiful stippling, flowing clouds", "The breeze comes out of the sleeve, and the next month is in my arms", "Wandering like a cloud, charming like a dragon", "Charming and vigorous, unparalleled" and "The more expensive it is, the more ancient and modern it is". Indeed, it is said that Wang Xizhi later wrote Preface to Lanting, but it was not as good as the original. Therefore, the manuscript of Preface to Lanting has always been regarded as a family heirloom by Wang Xizhi and collected by the Queen. In the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi, he was "cheated" into the court by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. After Emperor Taizong got the Preface to Lanting, he called Zhao Mo, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang. Therefore, the original Preface to Lanting was regarded as a rare treasure by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, and eventually died, which made future generations pay homage to the original work of Lanting Preface and was named the first calligraphy post in China. [Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Lanting Lanting is located at the foot of Zhu Lan Mountain in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. According to the minutes of Jiatai meeting, "Lanting is twenty-seven miles southwest of the county seat", and "Yuejueshu" records that "the orchid bamboo field is built and planted". Regarding the title of Lanting, Qing Yumin's "A Brief Introduction to Zhejiang" said: "Or Lan Yun Pavilion, which was not started by the right army, is similar to the old pavilion, like a postal shop, and is famous in the world because of the meeting of the right army."
There are different opinions about the address of Lanting. Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting only said that "Lanting will be under the shadow of Huiji Mountain". Where is it in the Huiji Mountains? Not exactly. Li Daoyuan (? -527) "Water Mirror Note Zhejiang Water Note" said: "East Zhejiang connects Lanxi, Hunan has Tianzhu Mountain, and there is a pavilion at the mouth of the lake, named Lanting, also known as Lanshangli. The satrap Wang Xizhi and Xie An counted how to make it. Wu Zhifu named Lanting as the national title and built it. The satrap Wang Xizhi moved the pavilion to the water. Gold is in front of Wu Wuji, starting from mountain pepper, and it is extremely high. Although the pavilion is bad, the foundation still exists. " The lake mentioned here should refer to Jianhu and Lanxi, which is Lanting River. At that time, Jianhu was a large area, and Zhulan Mountain was once in the valley. From this record, we can know that Lanting had been relocated several times during the Jin and Song Dynasties. The records of Lanting in the literature are as follows:
In Volume 96 of Cosmic Tale, the entry of Yuezhou refers to Historical Records: "There is a state-owned Lanting in Yinshan West, and Wang Xizhi calls it the scenery of Qushui, and the preface is here." It can be seen that Lanting is in the lake.
Ye Songting declared "Interrupted Words in the Sea, Benevolence in the Earth" Volume III: "There is Zhu Lan in the southwest of Shanyin County, and there are old traces of Lanting in the pavilion." It can be seen that Lanting was also in the lake in the Song Dynasty.
Jiatai Huiji (Volume 9) records: "Zhulan Mountain is twenty-seven miles southwest of the county seat, and Wang Youjun's Congxiu Mountain says:" There are mountains here, and bamboo is planted in lush forests. " According to the Records of Jiatai Meeting, Lanting was in Zhu Lan, and when Jianhu was abandoned in Zhu Lan Basin, Lanting was no longer in the lake.
In Lv Zuqian's Collected Works of Master Lu Donglai, there is an article "Entering Yue" which says: "Shili contains Halo Bridge Pavilion, and the turn of Zhang Tian Temple is also the only way to cross the Lanting-Songjing Temple of King Xizhi of Jin Dynasty." Lv Zuqian takes Zhang Tian Temple as the former site of Lanting. According to Volume 7 of Shanyin County Records of Jiaqing, it is recorded that "Five Applications of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1548) inspired God to move Lanting Qushui to open a sweet temple", and it is also recorded that "Kangxi was rebuilt in the 12th year (1673), the magistrate Xu Hongxun was rebuilt in the 34th year (1659) and the 37th year (. Its front is meandering water, and its back is the right army shrine, the four corridors of the secret room and the pure green swamp. Although it was abolished several times, it basically maintained the pattern of Ming and Qing dynasties.
Over the past 1600 years, the address of Lanting has changed several times. The current Lanting was in the twenty-seventh year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1548), presided over by the county magistrate Shen Qi, and moved here from Zhang Tian Temple, the former site of Song Lanting, during which it was abolished several times. In the thirty-second year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1693), the Preface to Lanting, Kangxi's imperial pen, was full of stones and covered with pavilions. In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1695), Song Yejun, the magistrate, presided over the reconstruction. In the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (17 18), Wu Shibei, a magistrate of a county, and gentlemen Wu Shouchang, Ru Zhuo and others raised funds to rebuild Lanting, Qushui and Youjun Temple. It was also found that the old Lanting site was under the stone wall in the northeast corner of the country and had been reclaimed as farmland, so the former site that was reclaimed as farmland was merged into Lanting again.
19 14, Mohua Pavilion was built in Youjun Temple; 19 16, Wenchang Pavilion and Yima Pavilion were built in Lanting. exert a tremendous influence