Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of A Liang in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, was an interesting emperor in history. He is as famous as Xie Tiao and Shen Yue, and he is a leader who brings peace and stability to the country. I didn't expect to be an emperor but like to become a monk, surrounded by villains who benefited from him. Courtiers and their sons led the troops to wait and see, and finally starved to death in Taicheng at the age of 86.
First, the emperor is a writer, with eight friends in Jingling, and an eternal style.
Liang Wudi is one of the representative poets in Yong Ming style of Qi Liang and a famous figure among Eight Friends of Qi Jing. "Eight Friends of Jingling" are eight writers under Wang Xiao of Jingling: Xie Tiao,,,, Fan Li, and Lu Shu (collectively called "Eight Friends of Jingling"). These eight writers are all the authors of Yongming style poems, and they founded the theory of four tones and eight diseases, and a large number of famous articles have been passed down from generation to generation.
Yongming Style is the title of Emperor Wu of the Qi Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, and "Yongming Style" emphasizes rhyme and meter. It laid the foundation of metrical poems in the early Tang Dynasty. Among the Eight Friends in Jingling, Shen Yue and Fan Li are not only fellow writers in Xiao Yan literature, but also the main figures who encouraged Xiao Yan to usurp the throne and claim the throne.
Second, Xiao Yan himself.
Although the Northern and Southern Dynasties were chaotic, many emperors and nobles were good at music and literature. Xiao Ye is good at literature, music and calligraphy, and has written many things. Academically, ZSZSZSZ is famous for his study of Confucian classics and history. In the study of Confucian classics, he has written more than 200 volumes, including The Book of Changes, Answering Questions in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Confucius Renyi. The greatest work in history is a 600-volume general history. In literature, Xiao Yan was also one of the representatives at that time.
When he became emperor, Xiao Yan became interested in Buddhism again and gave his life to become a monk several times. He also combined Confucian "rites" and Taoist "nothingness" with Buddhist "nirvana" and "karma" and founded the "three religions homology theory". I really don't know how an emperor can have so much energy.
Xiao Yan became emperor, similar to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He is anticlimactic in politics. At first, I was thrifty and achieved remarkable results, but the ending was tragic. One was imprisoned by his son in the harem and died of old age, and the other was simply imprisoned and starved to death.
Xiao Yan attaches great importance to the selection of talents. In order to ask Tao Hongjing to be an official, he left a much-told story. Tao Hongjing wrote this poem that has been handed down through the ages:
What's in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountain. Can only be complacent, unbearable to send you.
This poem was written to refuse Xiao Yan's recruitment. The title is "Zhao Wen asks all poems in the mountains". Tang people also like to use poems to decline offering, such as Zhang Ji's "Return tears in your eyes, don't meet and hate before marriage".
Third, Xiao Yan's representative poems
There are nearly 100 poems written by ZSZSZSZ, which can be roughly divided into four categories according to their contents and themes: love poems, Zen poems, banquet poems and object-chanting poems. Mr Zheng Zhenduo thinks: "Xiao Yan's new Yuefu poems are the most charming and lovely".
1, charming and lovely five-character quatrains:
A year will be over, and Wan Li people have not returned. Your ambition is innate, but my body is powerless. Grass trees are not fragrant, and flowers and leaves are colorful. Send a message to an old lover, knowing that you are thinking about each other. White fan in hand, as clean as autumn moon. The breeze is moving and the fragrance is meaningful. The stranger asked someone to go and the boudoir girl got off the plane. I can't say how I feel, so I'll send you away.
2. Seven-character poems are the link between the past and the future.
Two Poems by Mi Bai
Zhu Yan. A teenager who flew to promote festival dance. Before the short song flows. Smile and turn to pity. Bare waist curled up. Who is independence for? I couldn't bear to go back before I went to Qu Jun. Go to the center and fly.
Five-character poems have been the mainstream since the Han Dynasty. After Cao Pi and Bao Zhao, Xiao Yan inherited and developed seven-character poems.
Song of the River (Xiao Yan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties)
The river flows eastward, and the daughter of Luoyang is named Mochow. Mochow could weave beautiful flowers at the age of thirteen and pick mulberry heads at the age of fourteen. Fifteen married Lu Jiafu, sixteen born Hou Zi. Lujia Lanfang is a beam with turmeric and storax in it. Twelve lines of gold on the head, five in the first step. Coral glows when hung in the mirror, and flat-headed slaves carry shoes. What do you expect from the wealth of life? I hate marrying my boss.
Fourthly, Xiao Yan and the prototype of four-tone metrical poems.
Xiao Yan's story can't tell clearly the level of four tones. Some people think that Liang Wudi rejects four tones. There are several stories in which the emperor asked what the four tones were:
Chonggong tried to tell Gaozu and asked, "I heard four voices outside. What is it? " Zhong Gong replied, "Tianbao Temple." Come out and meet Liu Xiaozhuo and say he thinks it's ok. Chuo said, "How can you say' Bless the Son of Heaven'?" (Yang Tan Yao) He also wrote Four Tones, thinking that in the past, poets were tired for thousands of years and got nothing, only a mind and a wonderful purpose, claiming to be fascinated, and Gao Zuya was not good either. The emperor asked Zhou She, "What are the four tones? "She Yue: Saint of Heaven is true, but the emperor didn't follow it. (Biography of Liang Shu and Shen Yue) About writing "Four Tones Spectrum", he claimed to be a selfless work. Emperor Wu is not elegant. Ask Zhou She: "What are the four tones? "It's a pity to say' saint's day'. However, the emperor did not abide by the contract. (Biography of Nan Shi Shen Yue) Xiao Yan, the king of Liang Dynasty, didn't know the four tones, but he said calmly, and Zhu Yi, the leader of China, said, "What are the four tones? Another different answer said, "It is four tones to salute the son of heaven." . Yan said: "Isn't Tian Zi's hand test four tones?" ? "
No matter whether Liang Wudi refused to say "Four Tones" or not, he must know it better later. The following poem is a poem that he sang with his son after he proclaimed himself emperor, which shows that metrical poetry has some characteristics: eight pairs of sentences; The middle four sentences are fair; The last couplet is also coincidental with the way to save the quarrel later: the sentence is a five-line conjunction, and the sentence is saved with "Pingping"; The first couplet, the first sentence is three-tailed, and the second sentence is also regular, but even; The second sentence and the third sentence are sticky.
At that time, there was no such thing as rescue and adhesion, it was just a coincidence.
And the prince's confessional poem
Yuquan leaks to the end, and Jinmen loses light. The wind filled the air with the smell of music, and Liu Zhou improved the Sanskrit. Lan Tang bathes and repents the soul. The grass is fresh and the flowers are falling.
label
What kind of poet is Liang Wudi Xiao Yan? Before becoming emperor, Xiao Yan was able to be called "Eight Friends of Jingling" with Shen Yue and Xie Tiao, which showed that his position in the literary world at that time was already very high.
Of course, compared with the early Han and Wei Dynasties and the late Sui and Tang Dynasties, the overall status of works in Qi and Liang Dynasties is much lower.
Laojie taste
New poetry and old poetry are not clear about free poetry and metrical poetry. How should poetry be classified?
Most parents don't know why they want to learn "The Enlightenment of Melody" and "Rion Duyun".