A brief discussion on how to cultivate the writing ability of primary school students
Zhu Yuehong
As the saying goes: "It is better to write once by hand than to see it a thousand times." Indeed, handwriting plays an important role in the learning process. Psychological research has proven that learning is a process in which learners use their eyes, ears, mouth, brain, and hands to understand new things and master new knowledge. In this process, the eyes, ears, mouth, brain, and hands all have their own unique roles. "Words are like the person they are." That is to say, you can tell from the handwriting whether the person's character and style are persevering and tenacious. This kind of perseverance is not something you are born with, but can be continuously tempered the day after tomorrow. This is the importance of teaching writing. Those who write must be respectful and respectful, and they must be careful and cautious in doing things; looking at it from another perspective, students with sloppy handwriting are impatient and not good at observation. They will shrink back when encountering difficulties, and they will not have the attitude of hard work and perseverance in other subjects. I will not have the perseverance to pursue my ideals in the future. Therefore, cultivating the writing ability of primary school students is a top priority.
In order to do a good job in writing teaching research, our school mainly starts from the following aspects:
1. Active participation of leaders and teachers.
Writing education leaders should pay attention to it, and teachers should also pay attention to it, especially Chinese teachers. Teachers in other subjects should also actively cooperate to form a synergy. Focus on social management together; on the basis of ensuring the ideological thinking of all teachers, strengthen theoretical study and business seminars, update educational concepts, and improve the scientific research awareness and ability of all teachers. Use modern educational theories to guide our educational practices, have the courage to explore in practice, and constantly sum up experience. Only in this way can we achieve greater results.
Because the school leaders attach great importance to it, they can regularly carry out seminars on writing education; the school also strengthens teacher training. Each teacher submits one page of calligraphy and two pages of pen calligraphy every week, which will be reviewed by a dedicated person and given timely feedback. ; Winners will be awarded at the end of each semester, and three-stroke calligraphy (brush, pen, chalk) competitions will be held from time to time.
Build a good position: Make full use of windows, corridors, and red scarf broadcasts to strengthen publicity. Each class has an "Excellent Homework Column" to post the excellent homework and improved works in the class, so that students can experience the joy of success and stimulate the enthusiasm for calligraphy; the school windows are changed every month, and the excellent works and works of junior, middle and senior students are posted. Teachers' works allow teachers and students to enjoy each other and learn from each other; Red Scarf Broadcasting produces a weekly special program on writing - "Big Calligraphers and Little Calligraphers", so that students can be educated through vivid examples, understand our country's calligraphy art, and aspire to Carry forward national culture, cultivate temperament in appreciating works, and improve the ability to appreciate beauty and create beauty; regularly replace calligraphy works in the school corridors, and continuously enrich the collection of school calligraphy works.
2. Always be open to all students.
Guide all students to practice calligraphy seriously, so that every student can write correct, standardized and beautiful Chinese characters; arrange 20 minutes every day to practice calligraphy; every weekend, each class will judge the winners. Arrange them in the excellent homework column; at the end of each month, each class will submit 5 excellent works to participate in the school-level evaluation. Students are actively encouraged to participate in the calligraphy interest group, practice calligraphy for 5 pages every day, submit a calligraphy work every week, and select one work every month to participate in school-level competitions; students are encouraged to create excellent works and actively participate in various competitions.
3. Pay attention to the entire management of teaching.
Writing training must be thoroughly infiltrated from lesson preparation to class, from in-class to extra-curricular, from writing class to other subjects and every link, and there should be a strong awareness of writing at all times; writing teaching must Emphasis on the word "guidance" In the teaching of writing in the lower, middle and upper grades of primary schools, teachers and school leaders hire experts and celebrities from all over the world to organize special trainings, but the results are not satisfactory yet. The main reason is that there is less guidance. How can this situation be changed? We believe that the key is to solve the problem of "guidance" in writing teaching, that is, "enlightenment", "guidance" and "guidance".
(1) Enlightenment. “Writing is an important basic language skill and plays an important role in improving students’ cultural quality. A good foundation for writing must be laid from an early age.
②Slideshow. By pulling out and overlapping the slides, we can display the radicals in Chinese characters, the writing difficulties of stipples, the key parts and the picture instructions simultaneously, which is conducive to guiding observation and association, so that students are willing to accept it. In slide projection writing teaching, by guiding students to observe, analyze, and compare glyphs, it promotes the cultivation of observation, analysis and appreciation abilities. ?
③Physical demonstration. It is also interesting to apply this method to writing teaching. For example, in order to let students understand the characters with "彰" as the radical such as "武,伟,zai", the main writer should strengthen their understanding. We use the lever principle in mechanics to demonstrate two levers, one long and one short, and move a "彰" respectively. Lift the weight of the "凵" type cylinder. Demonstration results: The long wooden pole is light and labor-saving, and it is easy to pry up heavy objects; the short wooden pole is heavy, labor-intensive, and difficult to pry up heavy objects. Through demonstrations, students can understand that the wooden pole should be slightly longer and the character composed of the radical "弋" should be appropriately lengthened.
④ Model production. Model making is a manual labor that primary school students love. Integrating this activity into primary school students' understanding of the structure of Chinese characters can not only mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning, but also allow students to understand and appreciate the stroke characteristics and structural characteristics of Chinese characters during the activity. .
⑤Action performance. The movements of the human body are the richest and most aesthetic. The wonderful movements and postures of the human body are often similar to the wonderful combination rules of Chinese characters. In the process of recognizing and understanding the combination characteristics of Chinese character strokes and radicals, using action performances as a form to highlight the key points and difficulties of teaching will receive good results. Effect. When we teach about the structural characteristics of glyphs with 捷捺 as the main stroke, we ask students to look at the picture and recite the formula while doing action performances: Spring is here, the wild geese return, spread their wings and fly. (Understand the word "spring" and bring out the similar words "Han, Dong, Jiao, Wen", etc.) Students spread their hands as much as possible and use their hands as the wings of wild geese. They also compare them to the left and right in the font and contract other parts of the body.
⑥Reciting children’s songs. The children's songs are bright and refreshing, easy to read and remember, and play a very good role in promoting students' correct understanding of the words they have learned. In the teaching of writing, whether it is the beginning of perceptual understanding of Chinese character strokes and structures, or the training of writing ability, reading children's songs should be an effective means. Sometimes when strengthening the mastery and understanding of writing methods, using children's songs to make an inductive summary will promote students' mastery and understanding of the methods more clearly and profoundly. Before practicing calligraphy, in order to get into the state as quickly as possible, you can recite the children's song silently in your mind: Get rid of distracting thoughts and calm down. When perceiving and understanding fonts, students can also be trained in reading children's songs.
2. Multi-channel scientific training in writing teaching
① New understanding of writing skills.
The correct holding method for hard-pen writing should meet three conditions: ① The palm force acts on the pen barrel through the finger force to reach the pen tip, which must be the resultant force; ② The muscles on the inside of the palm must be relaxed, and the muscles on the back of the palm must be relatively tense. And the muscles on the back of the palm control the extension and contraction of the finger muscles. ③The palm must be as empty as possible. We use three interesting songs for students to understand and operate: (1) Four fingers are brought together to form the "goldfish tail wagging" movement state for eight eight beats; (2) Five fingers are brought together, and the palms are empty to form the "goldfish tail wagging" movement of all five fingers. The movement state of "squirrel coming out of the hole" is made into eight eight beats; (3) The five fingers are gathered together, and the palm is empty, forming a "worm crawling" movement state in which the five fingers are slightly lifted and beaten, and eight eight beats are made. It is very interesting for students to do such finger exercises. Achieve the purpose of moving the joints of the five fingers and coordinating the muscles of each finger.
②First practice the new method of lengthening Chinese characters.
In order for students to write words with a straight structure, it is key to write horizontal and vertical strokes well. First of all, it can correct the bad posture of primary school students when writing homework. Many primary school students often tilt their heads and place their notebooks sideways when writing homework. This bad posture makes it difficult to write neatly. If you tilt your head, the notebook will be uneven, and the written words will also be uneven. Secondly, it can force students to have a correct sitting posture. Only when the head is straight, the shoulders are flat, the waist is straight, and the feet are secure, can they have a calm mind and create a writing state of mind, meditation, and calmness. Thirdly, whether the vertical paintings are written well is the key to whether the Chinese characters are written neatly and standardly.
Grasping the main contradictions in writing and highlighting the teaching difficulty of writing Chinese characters composed of vertical paintings can allow students to taste the sweetness of writing well as soon as possible and enhance students' confidence in writing well. Finally, the vertical drawings were strengthened, the vertical drawings were appropriately elongated, the horizontal drawings, connecting strokes, and strokes were downplayed in favor of the vertical style, and the characters were written in a bar-shaped font similar to the Song Dynasty style, making the slender font appear neater and more energetic.
3. Use fun to stimulate interest and strengthen basic skills training
Illustrations, as a means of teaching, have unique features when applied to writing teaching. In teaching, comprehensive methods such as illustrations, children's song recitation, and action performances are used to conduct writing training, which adds interest and strengthens writing skills training. In order to conduct comprehensive training from stroke styles, single knots, and combined knots.
①Stroke style
Basic strokes are the basic units of Chinese characters. Writing basic strokes well is the first step to writing Chinese characters well. To make stroke writing interesting and easy for students to understand and master, it is a good way to use modern audio-visual teaching methods and visual techniques for training. Such as "horizontal", the horizontal can be divided into long and short, and the short horizontal is generally upward, slightly upward, like an autumn leaf, like a small boat, like a flying bird. It is as long and horizontal as a hillside, like a pole used by a man to carry a load, with both ends slightly bent downwards.
②Single knot type
After students have basically mastered the writing method of strokes, they can be guided to carefully observe how the stipples are combined according to certain rules. Understanding and mastering single-character characters is the basis for writing combined characters well. If the main pen passes through the center line of the font. It is required to write in an unbiased way, such as "scarf, person, armor, sheep", and use children's songs to help understand: Two little monkeys are playing on the pole, and one on each side will not fall off. It turns out that it is so wonderful. Various secondary strokes are combined according to certain rules. Generally speaking, such as stippling and hook drawing, they should be close to the center line to make the font stable. Such as "zi", "li", "wen", "wei". Use children's songs to read as follows: If you are small, the hook should be close to the middle line, and the words should be straight.
③Combined character combinations
Combined characters occupy a large proportion in Chinese character writing. After mastering the writing method of single characters, it will be much easier to learn combined characters. . Whether the combination of the various parts of the combined character is appropriate or not directly affects the beauty and ugliness of the font. There are three requirements: stability, symmetry, and seeking dynamic changes in calmness.
4. Use aesthetic guidance to improve the efficiency of writing teaching. Primary school students’ image thinking dominates, and it is difficult for them to understand the rules of writing Chinese character stroke structures. Based on this, when I gave writing classes to primary school students, I let them practice hard-pen writing under the influence of beauty, and received good teaching results.
① Stimulate interest and evoke beauty
The more interested primary school students are in writing, the greater the possibility of discovering the beauty of Chinese characters. Based on the pictographic characteristics of Chinese characters, abstract text symbols are transformed into vivid pictures, which is conducive to arousing students' feelings about the beauty of written characters. For example, the teacher shows a thousand-mile horse with its head held high and full of energy, and then shows several different shapes of horse characters. Through comparison, students can arouse their beautiful feelings about Chinese character writing. And use this to transfer knowledge, and get: (horse, bureau, bird, island, crow...)
② Strengthen perception and capture the beauty of primary school students' beautiful feelings about Chinese character writing. Only through a variety of vivid Image perception means can be obtained. Feel the dynamic beauty of fonts through the dynamic beauty of the human body and the rhythmic beauty of children's songs. For example, after the students have learned through the illustrations the writing method of writing with the main stroke, such as the words "spring", "cha", "xiang", etc., the teacher and students show the picture of the word "spring", and the teachers and students stretch out their arms and dance up and down, reciting children's songs: "Spring is here, the wild geese return, stretch their wings and fly." At the same time, I asked the students to perform action performances while reciting children's songs. Let’s recite the nursery rhyme together: “If you write long strokes, you need to stretch them out.” Then bend your arms to your chest, touch your shoulders with your palms, and recite the nursery rhyme together: “Other pens should be shortened.” By stretching and stretching, you can experience the dynamic beauty of Chinese characters.
Observe and compare to identify the beauty and ugliness of Chinese character writing. Through comparison, students can capture the beauty of Chinese character shapes in real time. The stronger the ability to distinguish the beauty and ugliness of written Chinese characters, the deeper the feeling of the beauty of the fonts. Good-looking words and bad-looking words can be compared side by side to make them clear at a glance.
To this end, I designed two words, one beautiful and one ugly, to be written on each small blackboard and showed them to the students respectively. After the students observed the words, they clapped three times for the words they thought were beautiful. For the words they thought were ugly, they did not clap and explained something. The place is ugly, how should it be changed? Students have a high level of initiative in this activity, learn effectively, and the classroom atmosphere is active. Students discover, capture, and evaluate the beauty of lines and structure of fonts in a warm and tense atmosphere. ?Train skills and experience beauty. The formation of primary school students' writing skills must solve two problems: First, skillfully carry out the movements of human muscles, especially wrist and finger muscles and joints, acting on the pen tip. For this reason, it is necessary to require students to conduct finger movement and mental exercises before each calligraphy exercise. The operating formula is: My fingers are really strong, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Close my five fingers and stretch them, one, two, three, four, five sixty-seven; pick up the pen barrel and stretch it, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven; click horizontally, horizontally, vertically, vertically , let’s go, let’s go. The second is to cultivate students' ability to identify and appreciate writing fonts, as well as good writing habits.
Stimulate aesthetic taste and cultivate love for beauty. In writing teaching, stimulating students' yearning for beautiful things, cultivating their love for beauty, and cultivating their aesthetic ability are effective ways to carry out aesthetic education. In writing class teaching, living things (human bodies) that change in movement are compared to the strokes and structure of Chinese characters. Beautiful lines and vivid images are conducive to students' appreciation and internalization of the beauty of lines and structures of Chinese character strokes. From beginning to end, the theme is the discovery, evaluation, identification and appreciation of beauty. The physical beauty of the unity of opposites, "extension" and "contraction", is displayed and strengthened. Finally, students performed writing exercises for about 23 minutes amidst beautiful music. After learning calligraphy, students evaluate themselves and each other. Because they have an in-depth understanding of the "stretching" knowledge of Chinese character structure, they are good at observation, can evaluate, and can appreciate, their writing skills have been trained, their experience of the beauty of Chinese character writing has been deepened, and their love for beauty has been cultivated. . 5. Improve evaluation and establish new standards for writing teaching. Education without evaluation is incomplete education. Writing proficiency assessment and evaluation play the functions of detection, feedback, correction, motivation and driving in writing teaching research. How to more scientifically evaluate writing teaching and students' writing performance is a pioneering work. To this end, based on the writing requirements in the "Primary School Chinese Curriculum Standards" and in conjunction with students' writing practices, we have developed testing methods and evaluation methods for writing abilities at each grade. According to the principle of comprehensiveness, stage principle, application of learning, the principle of combining quantitative and qualitative, and the principle of combining teacher evaluation and student self-evaluation, a relatively objective and reasonable evaluation of students' writing ability is carried out. The evaluation includes three aspects: writing evaluation, writing method and writing posture evaluation, and homework writing habit evaluation. The writing evaluation criteria are divided into five categories: "correct strokes, neat and tidy, moderate size, well-proportioned structure, and beautiful fonts", and adopt a hierarchical system for overall grasp and group scoring. The three evaluation criteria for writing methods include "fingering, technique, and pen posture"; the three evaluation criteria for writing posture include "deportment, chest distance, and eye distance"; and the evaluation criteria for homework writing habits include "upright and tidy, correct format, moderate size, and word size". Five items: punctuation marks and beautiful fonts. The overall evaluation is followed by the sub-evaluation, which plays a guiding and motivating role. Therefore, in order to ensure the construction of a qualified team of writing teaching teachers, we have taken a series of measures to effectively improve teachers' writing skills, theoretical level and teaching level. Instant learning: Learn the theories related to writing teaching and successful experiences in writing teaching research in various places, understand the essence of traditional Chinese writing teaching, the characteristics of various calligraphy styles, and the stories of calligraphers; practice: practice calligraphy for 20 minutes every day, every week Submit one page of pen calligraphy and one page of brush calligraphy; hold a "Three Characters and One Painting" basic skills competition for young teachers every school year, and organize teachers to participate in various calligraphy competitions at all levels. Through learning, practicing, and comparing, teachers have laid solid basic skills in writing teaching, thus forming the "teacher's writing time is the time to introduce words", making it a window for demonstration. The goal is to educate people and improve the overall quality of students. Writing well is one of the goals pursued by our school in writing teaching, but what we hope more is that students can learn more and understand deeper from writing.
In the process of writing, students go from the basic training of one stroke to the identification of the reasonable structure of each character and hands-on writing, from imitating shadows to copying famous inscriptions, until writing well, to the formation of personal style. Careful observation of the process of correct calligraphy is also the process of cultural cognition formation, and the process of the generation and formation of aesthetic thoughts and feelings. This is also the two-track development of fellow fans' physical and mental development, knowledge accumulation, and personality formation. consistent process. At the same time, the process of writing well is also a process of cultivating a person's observation, attention, willpower, memory, thinking, imagination, and creativity. It is also a process of cultivating a person's rigorous, careful, conscientious, meticulous, and dedicated spirit. . After primary school students develop a series of good psychological qualities through writing teaching, it can have a positive transfer effect on both their learning in all subjects and their personal future development. Just like this, the influence of writing teaching in our school has been spread to all levels of the school. It not only effectively improves the quality of teaching and improves students' abilities and qualities, but also reflects the improvement of students' overall quality in multiple activities and competitions, which effectively Guaranteed the implementation of quality education, the school has also cultivated batches of high-quality talents. Writing teaching has become a catalyst for students to achieve success, develop themselves, improve themselves, and sublimate their personality.