Chapter I Liao and Jin Literature
Nouns explain the genre of Korean literature.
1. During the period of Jin Dading and Ming Chang, a group of writers grew up in the territory of the Jin Dynasty, which made the development of literature in the Jin Dynasty enter a prosperous stage. Representative writers are Cai Jue, Danghe. Their writing style is different from that of the literati who entered Jin from Song Dynasty, and they belong to the real writers of Jin Dynasty. Yuan Haowen classified them as "the literary school of the country and the DPRK" in the collection of Zhongzhou.
2. Cai Jue: Literary achievements are mainly prose, which has the heroic poetic style of the northern country; Party: He is good at poetry, prose and calligraphy. His prose is plain and smooth, and not ostentatious. His poems are very good and have a grateful style. Wang Tingjun: There are many achievements in literature. Poetry, books and paintings are integrated into one, which is a masterpiece. He used Huang Tingjian as the method in his poems, which was refined and rigorous, but there was no strange disease and few allusions.
The emergence of literary schools in China and Korea marked the real beginning of literature in the Jin Dynasty.
Zhu Gong ballad
The so-called "Zhugongdiao" refers to a literary form in which a number of tunes directed by a Gongdiao are connected into a short set by rhyming from beginning to end, and then connected into a long rap style by short sets of different Gongdiao. It consists of two parts: verse and prose. It basically belongs to the narrative style of singing in vain, but its lyrics are close to endorsement, which has an important influence on the development of drama art.
On Yuan Haowen's Aesthetic Pursuit and View of Poetry Creation in Thirty Poems
Yuan Haowen was the most outstanding writer in Jin Dynasty. His Thirty Poems is the most systematic and comprehensive quatrain on poetry since the Tang and Song Dynasties, which embodies his aesthetic pursuit and poetic creation view.
1. Yuan Haowen, in "On Thirty Poems", made clear the boundary between clarity and turbidity by investigating the works of poets below Han and Wei Dynasties, and based on this, he created quatrains in poetry, and discussed the poetic schools of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang and Tang Dynasties in chronological order, which provided a model for future generations to learn and denounce false styles.
2. He highly praised the Wei and Jin dynasties, especially emphasized that poetry creation should come from nature, naturalness, simplicity and heroism. He vividly and accurately grasped the style characteristics, artistic conception characteristics and creative techniques of Tang poetry, and praised it differently.
Thirdly, there are many criticisms about the poetry creation of Song people, and it is believed that the disease of Song poetry is that it is not the same as the ancients but blindly strives for novelty. He criticized the cross-flow of the sea and the extraordinary renovation of Song poetry, thinking that it had deviated from the form of ancient poetry and came to an end. It is even more surprising that Su and Huang blindly seek innovation and change, which obviously shows that they are unwilling to be the middlemen of Jiangxi poetry school.
On the ideological content and artistic style of Yuan Haowen's poems
Yuan Haowen was the most outstanding writer in Jin Dynasty.
1. Yuan Haowen has more than 1,400 poems, which are not only the most poets in the Jin Dynasty, but also the highest artistic achievements.
Yuan Haowen's most touching work is the mourning poem written after Kim's death. It is really full of blood and tears, with the characteristics of extreme desolation and depression, forming a unique sad style and vigorous strength.
3. Yuan Haowen is good at writing all kinds of poems, among which the seven laws and seven verses are the most prominent. In his later years, he also wrote many poems about objects and landscapes. The technique is more mature without losing its usual heroism, but the artistic appeal is far less than that of mourning poems.
Chapter II Zaju in the Early Yuan Dynasty
Nouns explain yuan zaju
Yuan Zaju, also known as Northern Zaju, is a mature drama developed on the basis of Zhu Gong dialect and Jin Yuan version.
Main features:
1. consists of "four folds and one wedge";
2. A set of songs with the same palace tune;
3. The length of the wedge is called a section, which is usually placed before the first fold to illustrate the plot and play the role of "prelude";
In the performance, one person is the lead singer. For example, in a drama dominated by Zheng Dan, only Zheng Dan sang to the end, and none of the other characters sang, only narration was used.
At the turn of Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the creation of northern zaju reached a fairly high artistic level. Famous Zaju writers include Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Guan Hanqing. Most of them are Jin, Jin and Yuan literati. The early creation of Yuan Zaju flourished and became the most dazzling golden age in the history of China drama literature.
Briefly describe the creative features and implications of Bai Pu's historical drama Wu Tongyu.
1. Wu Tongyu, the most representative work, embodies a remarkable feature of Bai Pu's literary creation, and is good at expressing loneliness after suffering and loneliness in decline. It is directly taken from Song of Eternal Sorrow, but it is not to celebrate the love between Li and Yang.
2. "An Shi Rebellion" was the turning point of the whole Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The author puts the story of Li and Yang in such a rapidly changing historical background, expresses the feelings of indifference in the world, and treats a well-known historical story with profound implications and extraordinary significance.
3. The reason why this drama is moving is that it integrates the author's personal experience of the unfortunate life in the war and expresses his feelings through the characters in the drama, so he can write 1000 times of grief and indignation when Tang was lonely and listening to the rain.
On the Artistic Style of Bai Pu's Love Drama On the Wall
1. Bai Pu's "On the Wall" is a romantic drama with strong comedy color, which is good at compact and vivid plot arrangement and vivid characterization.
Li Qianjin, the protagonist in the play, is bold and provocative, and takes the initiative to deal with the problem of love, so he dares to elope as soon as he meets the right person, and firmly believes that his behavior is correct and attaches importance to and safeguards his personal dignity.
This is a work that positively praises young men and women's struggle for marriage autonomy and satirizes feudal parents. The characters are vivid, the plot is lively and the artistic style is relaxed, which is quite different from the dignified of Wu Tongyu.
On the Ideological Content and Artistic Features of Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty
The famous historical drama Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty is the representative work of Ma Zhiyuan, a writer in Yuan Dynasty, which is based on the story of Zhao Jun's departure from the fortress.
1. Taking "affinity" as a sign of national weakness, he wrote the feelings of historical rise and fall, expressed his feelings of resisting national oppression through the hatred of Zhao Jun, and attacked the corruption and incompetence of the feudal dynasty to some extent.
2. In the description of the plot, the author puts the root of the tragedy on the treacherous court official Mao Yanshou and the Manchu civil servant, beautifies the Han Yuan emperor intentionally or unintentionally, and writes him as a romantic genius loyal to "love", which shows the sadness and sadness of the Han Yuan emperor when he lost Wang Zhaojun in a lot of space in the play.
3. Art: Many lyrics in the play are full of sounds and feelings, setting off the pain of parting and missing with the scenery of Saibei and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Beautiful artistic conception, loud syllables, full of artistic appeal.
On the artistic achievements of The West Chamber;
1. Briefly describe the institutional breakthrough of The West Chamber.
1. It broke through the system of 60% discount for one zaju in Yuan Dynasty, and adopted five books with a 30% discount, just like performing a story in series with multiple zaju.
2. It broke the convention of singing alone in Yuan Zaju, and adopted the method of leading the singing from the end to the end.
Second, try to describe the characterization art in The West Chamber.
Wang Shifu's The West Chamber is good at creating vivid characters, which is an important factor of his artistic success, mainly reflected in the characterization of Zhang Sheng, Yingying and Matchmaker.
1. Zhang Sheng: I am a modest person, but I can bravely pursue Miss Guo Xiang, regardless of the difference in family background. As soon as I saw a beautiful woman in my heart, I forgot my fame and fortune, stuck to my own opinions, and made a free love vigorous.
2. Cui Yingying is a complicated role. She comes from a famous family, but she doesn't behave like a lady. On the one hand, there is an instinctive desire for free love between men and women, hoping that some people love themselves and others love themselves. Her love for Zhang Sheng is very active and bold, and she dares to break through the restricted area. On the other hand, as a famous lady, she always has to take care of her own identity, sometimes she seems inconsistent and indecisive, and needs the help of a matchmaker.
Matchmaker is the most glorious character in the play. Although she comes from a humble background, she is more opinionated, witty and provocative than the hostess. With a sense of justice, he planted a needle for Zhang and Cui's free love. When their marriage was opposed by the old lady, she stood up and accused her of ingratitude and skillfully subdued her. Her name has become a symbol of the kind of helper who is willing to help others regardless of personal gain or loss.
3. Briefly describe the beauty of the lyrics of The West Chamber.
Wang Shifu's The West Chamber has reached a high level in language.
1. Character language is full of drama and individuality, forming lyrical singing language and rich subtext of Daobai language, which has high literary value.
2. The lyrics in the play show the real feelings of the characters in a specific scene, focus on the refined folk spoken language at that time, and properly integrate the excellent poems of predecessors, forming a beautiful and elegant language style.
3. The lyrics in the play are natural, literary and poetic, which can stimulate readers' imagination, make people feel the lingering feelings of the protagonist's joys and sorrows, and understand the inner secrets of the characters, thus producing a strong * * * sound.
The third chapter briefly describes the artistic characteristics of Guan Hanqing's historical drama "Single Knife Meeting".
Single Knife Club is the representative work of Guan Hanqing, a representative writer of Yuan Zaju. The main artistic features are:
1. The thinking is very distinctive, and he is good at shaping characters with bedding and rendering techniques. Guan Yu, the protagonist, did not appear until the third fold, and was led by Princess Joe, a relative of Soochow. Let him recall Guan Yu's heroic achievements and heroic demeanor, and take a warning!
2. The style is solemn and heroic, and many lyrics are magnificent and artistic.
On Zhao's characterization art in Saving the Wind and Dust.
Saving the Wind and Dust is a romantic drama created by Guan Hanqing, a representative writer of Yuan Zaju.
1. Zhao is the most dazzling figure in the prostitute image created by Guan Hanqing in the play. Although she once had the idea of being a good person, the lessons in life tell her that a prostitute who has been relegated to life will never have a better fate in the romantic field. Men who come to brothels only regard prostitutes as playthings for fun and expect them to be sincere husbands, which is tantamount to daydreaming.
From the beginning, I advised Song not to compare with his sweet words. After Song received a distress letter in the street, she skillfully made arrangements. First of all, she seduced him by romantic means, vowed to marry him, and divorced Song. Then she turned her back on people and played with Zhou She, showing her chivalrous heart to her sisters and her great wisdom and courage in dealing with hooligans and villains.
On the Female Images in Guan Hanqing's Love Plays
Guan Hanqing is a representative writer of Yuan Zaju, who is good at writing female themes. Among his existing 18 kinds of zaju works, there are as many as 12 kinds of "Dan Ben" dramas. There are also saving the dust, Xie Tianxiang, and the Golden Thread Pool.
1. These three kinds are all based on prostitutes, and the descriptions of prostitutes are very vivid. Prostitutes are relatively good women. In terms of communication with the opposite sex, prostitutes who are regarded as stunners enjoy certain freedom, but at the cost of not being able to live a normal life. They have euphemistic singing, graceful dancing, agile thinking, touching beauty and eye-catching, but in the feudal society centered on men, all these can not change their fate of being treated as playthings.
2. In these three plays that describe the life of prostitutes positively, the author truly shows the tortuous process of prostitutes' striving for goodness, and writes about their ignorance and sinking. For example, Song was eager to marry a playboy and wanted to establish a woman's name when she was fighting against her unfortunate fate; Great wisdom and courage, such as Zhao saving sisters chivalrous and soft-hearted, great wisdom and courage fighting hooligans; Weak and shaky, such as Xie Tianxiang married a thousand men as a concubine and was at the mercy of others, just sighing that his life was not good; High-spirited as Du Ruiniang realized earlier that she would die of old age, so she worked hard to be kind and pursue her ideal life. The vivid characters with different personalities created in the play can be called prostitutes' intimate friends.
On Dou E's character and rebellious spirit in Guan Hanqing's Dou E Yuan.
Guan Hanqing's Dou E Yuan is the most famous tragic work in Yuan Dynasty. The content and characters experience reflected in the script are based on the social reality that corrupt officials in the Yuan Dynasty bent the law for selfish ends and created unjust, false and wrong cases, and belong to social case-solving dramas.
1. This is a bitter drama that describes the sufferings of good people. Dou E in the play has a very good personality, and is quiet, resigned and always considerate of others. For example, Dou E didn't give in under torture. When she heard that she was going to torture her mother-in-law, she admitted poisoning herself. I would rather let myself be wronged than see my mother-in-law suffer.
2. Dou E in the play also has a strong character and a strong rebellious spirit. For example, the behavior of "cursing the sky and the ground" contains a strong spirit of resistance and is a suspicion and criticism of the dark social system. The fulfillment of the "three wishes" shows that the world is also moved by its injustice. Finally, Dou E's ghost became a vengeful ghost, which is also a manifestation of his heroic character.
Are these all right?