1. What does the word "dun" mean in classical Chinese?
〈verb〉
(1) (Phonetic. From page (xié), from tun, tun "Ye" refers to the human head. "Tuen" means "curling" and "wrapping". The combination of "Tuen" and "Ye" means "kneel down and curl your upper body to the ground". Kowtow)
(2) Same as the original meaning [kowtow]
Pause, lower your head. -- "Shuowen"
The second day is to pause. --"Zhou Rites·Great Wishes". Note: "To bow the head and knock the ground."
(3) Another example: Dunhao (bend one's knees and bow, knocking the ground with the forehead, mostly used when asking for forgiveness and surrender); Stamp (hit the ground with your head or an object); Stamp your head (kowtow); Stamp your knees (kneel down)
(4) Use the soles of your feet or your feet to step down hard [stamp]
Stamped his feet and became pale. --"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving"
He held his clothes, stamped his feet, and blocked the road to cry. -- Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, "Army Chariots"
(5) Another example: Stamp your feet; stamp your feet (stomping the ground with your feet. Describes an anxious and sad look)
(6 ) fall down, fall [fall]
Therefore, if the soldiers do not stop, they will all benefit. -- "Sun Tzu · Planning an Attack"
(7) Another example: Dunpu (frozen servant); Dunluo (low); Dunlu (tossing); Dunsui (fall to death); Duncha (collapse) Fall; collapse)
(8) Place; place [arrange]. Such as: rectify, settle; dungang (rectify the outline); dungfang (placement); düshu (storage); dungbei (preparation)
(9) Stop and stay; stationed [be stationed]. Such as: Dunbing (garrisoning troops; truce, stopping troops); Dunshe (garrisoning, stopping); Dunxi (rest); Dunzhu (stopping, stationing)
(10) Abandon; abandon [abandon]
Wen Liu Long Dun the bridle. -- "Selected Works on the Monument of Prince Zhao of Anlu"
(11) Another example: Duntuo (get rid of); Dunyi (remove the hunting net)
(12) Interpretation [untie ]. Such as: Dunying (break away from the rope); Dunkai (break away; break away)
(13) Pause [pause]. For example: he paused for a moment, and then continued; pause (stop); pause (stop the syllables); pause (stop); pause (stop); pause (pause and stay)
(14) Buy [buy]. Such as: pause (buy)
〈morphological word〉
(1) Tired and exhausted [tired]
Therefore, if the army does not pause, it will be beneficial. -- "Sun Tzu: Planning for Attack"
When the soldiers are defeated, the soldiers and the people are sick. --"Han Feizi: First Meeting with the Qin"
They move when they shout, and they stop when they are hungry or thirsty. --Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher's Theory"
(2) Another example: Dunzu (hardship. Also known as Dunzao); Dunzai (difficulty and haggard)
〈Noun〉
(1) Place of lodging and food. Also refers to things needed for boarding and lodging [board and lodging]. Such as: Pause (barracks; building)
(2) In Chinese calligraphy, when picking up and putting down the pen, force the pen to touch the paper without moving it [(in Chinese calligraphy) pause in writing in order to reinforce the beginning or ending of a stroke]. For example: both ends of a horizontal line must be paused; pause pen (write on the folded painting, press lightly with the pen, and call it pause pen)
(4) The name of an ancient country.
In the north of Shangshui County, Henan Province, it was destroyed by Chu in 496 BC [Dun state]
(5) --"Mòdú": Chanyu (chán yú) of the Han Xiongnu tribe
〈Adverb〉
Immediately [immediately]
The family has been accustomed to luxury for a long time, and if they cannot be frugal, they will lose their place. -- Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty, "Exercise thrift and show prosperity"
The hatred of country subjugation suddenly arises. -- Qing Dynasty· Huang Zongxi's "The Biography of Liu Jingting" 2. What is the specific meaning or meaning of classical Chinese?
"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular".
The first "literary" , means written articles. "Word" means writing, expressing, recording, etc.
"Classical Chinese" means written language, and "Classical Chinese" is relative to "spoken language". "Spoken language" is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language" ". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language."
In ancient my country, to express the same thing, it was expressed in oral language and written language. It is different. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ", and to express it in books and language, it is "Fan? ". "Fan Fou" means classical Chinese.
In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese." Classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture. The ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese.
In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role. 1. Classical Chinese is very exciting. >
This is certainly true. The main body of Chinese traditional culture is classical Chinese.
This shows that China’s modern civilization has a very short history, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture. Because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely text, but classical Chinese is knowledge. It is also knowledge, so why not learn Oracle? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle is a more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning of traditional advanced writing (study) such as Oracle.
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, comparisons, and deductions... fully embody the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas.
Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound influence on modern times. The understanding of Chinese is more profound, and there will be "laws" to follow for the construction of New Chinese. 4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "Vernacular"
The structure of this word is like this: Classical Chinese - Wen. The first "wen" means "words", and "yan" means language.
"Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It means two things: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is. A language; secondly, this language was later literalized.
The "literalized" language also has two meanings: first, there can be a culture with language but no writing, such as most. Ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; secondly, the language function has withdrawn from life and become history in the form of writing. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of language that has been written down.
The latter “wen” refers to literary style. So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any “future”? In other words, does it have any practical value?
When traditional forms of life faded into modern society, it was only that people ignored the social life in some marginal areas, which caused modern applications to doubt or ignore classical Chinese. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese. Written in calligraphy and engraved using tools.
Most of the applications of seal script are like this. The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing.
In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference.
As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style. When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves. 3. What is the meaning of "Classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese
"Classical Chinese" is relative to "Vernacular Chinese".
The first "Wen" is The meaning of written articles. "Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical language" means written language. "Classical language" is relative to "spoken language", and "spoken language" is also called "vernacular". The last word "wen" means works, articles, etc., which means the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language" and "vernacular Chinese" means "wen". : "Articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language"
Vernacular Chinese
In ancient my country, it was necessary to express the same thing in spoken language and written language. Differently, for example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, the verbal expression is "Have you eaten?" ", and to express it in books and language, it is "Fan? ". "Fan Fou" is classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
China's classical Chinese is the origin of Chinese culture Treasures, the ancients left us a large number of classical Chinese texts. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in middle school Chinese courses. 4. What does it mean to say something in classical Chinese?
Say something in classical Chinese. The meanings in are: to speak; to explain; to speak; to argue; to advocate; to persuade; to convince; to like; to be happy.
Citation explanation:
1: Pronunciation: shuō
1. To state; to speak.
"Peach Blossom Spring": "I went to the county and asked the prefect to say this. "
Translation: When I arrived at the county town, I went to the prefect and told him about this experience.
2. Explain; explain.
"Li Sao": "Don't talk to each other. Who can tell me what's going on in my mind?" "
Translation: We can't go door to door to explain, who will come to carefully examine our true intentions.
3. Speech; argument; proposition.
"Hongmen Banquet" ": "But if you listen carefully, I want to punish those who have made meritorious deeds. "
Translation: Instead, you listen to the villain's words and want to kill the meritorious people.
4. A type of literary style, also called miscellany. It is mostly used to explain things and tell the truth.
"Huang Sheng's Theory on Borrowing Books": "As a theory, it should be consistent with the book. ”
Translation: I wrote this article about borrowing a book, and let (it) be given (to Huang Sheng) together with the (loaned) book.
2: Pronunciation: shuì
Persuasion; persuasion
"Jun Xinling stole the talisman to save Zhao": "When the young master was in trouble, he invited the king of Wei and the guests to argue with Wang Wanduan. ”
Three: Pronunciation: yuè
Tong “yue”.
Like; be happy.
"The Analects of Confucius": "Isn't it also true to learn and practice from time to time?"
Translation: Isn't it a pleasure to review what you have learned at the appropriate time? Something? 5. Translation of classical Chinese
In the early years of Yuanyou, Gu Gu, Dongpo and Qian Mufu visited Baofan Temple in the capital.
After dinner, Gu Gu wrote a few pieces of cursive calligraphy. Dongpo admired Gu’s calligraphy very much, but Mu’s father looked at it and said: Lu Zhi’s calligraphy is close to vulgar. Valley asked: Why? Mu's father said: There is no other reason, just because he has not seen the original work of Huai Su.
Gu Gu was very confused and refused to write cursive script for others from now on. When Shaosheng was middle-aged, Gu Gu was demoted to live in Fuling. He saw Huaisu's "Autobiography" for the first time at Shi Yangxiu's house, so he went back and copied it for many days, almost forgetting to eat or sleep.
From then on, he suddenly became interested in cursive writing. His pens were flying and the words he wrote were very different from those written before Yuan Younian. Only then did Gu Gu believe that Mu's father's words were not nonsense. But Mu's father has passed away.
So Gu Gu once thought that he had learned the true meaning of cursive writing in Fuling. Unfortunately, Mu's father could not see his calligraphy.