Knowledge of Calligraphy History Chapter 1 Pre-Qin Calligraphy Calligraphy in Qin Dynasty
First, knowledge points:
1, Oracle Bone Inscriptions: Characters carved on tortoise shells or animal bones in Shang and Zhou Dynasties to record divination or sacrificial activities. Wang discovered in 1899 and Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, also known as? Yin ruins figures?
2. Bronze Inscription: The characters cast on bronzes in the pre-Qin period are called bronze inscriptions, also known as? Zhong Dingwen?
3. alliance book: also known as? Carrying a book? In ancient times, most of the documents recording the contents of vows were made of jade pieces.
The book of alliance is made in duplicate, one of which is hidden in the government of alliance, and the other is buried underground or submerged in the river to win the trust of ghosts and gods.
4. Hou Shu: 1965, a large number of sworn jade articles were unearthed at the Jinguo site in Houma, Shanxi Province, called? Hou Shu? * * * More than 5000 yuan.
5. Shi Guwen: Also known as? Hunting essay? Discovered in the Tang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, the words carved on ten drum-shaped pillars mainly recorded the poems of princes and nobles who went hunting for fun.
6, Biography: "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu" cloud: Qin Shihuang first annexed the world, and Prime Minister Li Si played the same, but it did not agree with Qin characters. (Li Si) wrote (Cang Xie) Che Fu Ling (Zhao Gao) and Tai Shi (Hu Wujing) (Bo Xue). They all took uncle Shi's seal and got the provincial reform. What do you mean? Xiao zhuan? Yes
7. Six Books: namely? Pictograph, indicator, knowing, pictophonetic, transliteration, under the guise of? .
8. Qiu Xigui's Works: Outline of Philology.
9. The earliest representative work in China's stone inscription system, the tomb of Nu Wa Liang Jia in Yinxu, Anyang.
10, representative works: Da, Mao, Pan, Pan Baizi and Pan Bi.
1 1, "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" written by Xu Shen, a Confucian scholar and philologist, is divided into 540 radicals and 9353 words. Heavy text? That is, there are 1 163 variants, *** 105 16, which have been handed down as a revised version of Xu Xuan in the Song Dynasty.
12, "Four Masters of Shuowen": Duan Yucai's Notes on Shuowen Jiezi; Proof of Gui Fu's Shuo Wen Jie Zi; Illustration of Wang Jun's Shuo Wen; Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu's Shuo Wen Tong Xun.
13, during the Qin and Han dynasties, Chinese characters completed the transformation from (ancient characters) to (modern characters).
14. The popular characters in Qin Dynasty mainly include: Xiao Zhuan (standard official script), Da Zhuan (warring states suicide note) and Li Shu (folk characters).
15, Qin Xiaozhuan's representative works: Yishan carved stone, Langyatai carved stone, Huiji carved stone, Taishan carved stone.
16, the ink of official script in Qin dynasty is the specimen, and10/00 pieces of Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei province in 1975 are the first.
17, permanent eight-character method: side: (point) music: (horizontal) peck: (pick) ling: (si) anger: (vertical) qi: (hook) strategy: (lift) sweep: (left)
18, Six Arts: Ritual, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy and Numbering
Chapter II Calligraphy in Han Dynasty
First, knowledge points:
1, Cao Zhang: This cursive script, which developed synchronously with official script, was called by later generations? Cao Zhang?
2. The evolution of Chinese characters from seal script to official script. Fonts turn round into squares, lines turn arcs into straight lines, and strokes become complicated and simple. Li Bian is a watershed between ancient Chinese characters and modern Chinese characters, and it is the most important change in the development history of Chinese characters.
3. Qin Shu's Ba Ti: 1, Zhou Xuanwang Shitai's Da Zhuan: Fifteen Characters.
2. Biography: In the Qin Dynasty, Lisi, Zhao Gao and Hu were saved, and they were changed according to the Great Biography, and they were written as, and learned respectively. Font is different from Da Zhuan, so it is called Xiao Zhuan.
3. Carving: This is a font carved on Jeff.
4. Worm book: It is a font written on the flag or Jeff. Because some of these fonts are like birds, some are like insects, and birds are also called feather insects, so they are called insect books.
5. Copying: It is a font written on printed matter.
6. Official seal: written on the plaque.
7. Obituaries are words cast on weapons. Shu is a weapon.
8. Official script
4. A survey of calligraphy theory in this period: Zhao Yi's non-cursive script, Cai Yong's nine potential and pen theory.
5. Wei Heng's "four-body calligraphy" consists of four styles: ancient prose, seal script, official script and cursive script.
6. Monuments flourished in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were not many inscriptions with seal script as the carrier, including Yuan 'an Monument and Changyuan Monument.
7. The representative works of the inscriptions on Lishu in the Eastern Han Dynasty include Yi Ying Bei, Shi Chenbei, Li Qi Bei, Cao Quanbei, Xi Shi Ping Jing, Ode to Shimen, Ode to Xi Huang, Zhang Qianbei, etc.
The strokes of Li Bei are good at being fine and hard, but they are vigorous and powerful, and the overall style is clear, firm, bold, dignified and clean.
"Yi Ying Bei" is graceful without losing its rigidity, with flat structure, rigorous composition and elegant overall style.
Shi Chenbei is subtle and mellow, with refined structure and relatively simple style.
Cao Quanbei is a classic of Han Li, which is characterized by horizontal and vertical, rigorous and elegant brushwork, hidden but not revealed, and applied by Fiona Fang. Although its structure pays attention to density contrast, it is rigorous for a long time, such as a long-sleeved dance banquet.
Zhang Qianbei's brush strokes are square and thick, with strong knife spirit, perseverance and fortitude, and minimal rigidity; The structure is different, but it is horizontal or square, rigorous, full and thick, which is just the contrast between masculine and feminine styles with Xiu Jie in Cao Quan.
8. Masterpieces of official script carved on the cliff: Ode to Shimen, Ode to Xiqiao and Record of Yang Huaibiao.
9. Calligraphers in this period: 1, Cui Yuan: Cui Yuan was a famous calligrapher in Han Dynasty, especially good at cursive script, and studied under Du Du, Yue? Cui Du? . There is a book about cursive script.
2. Zhang Zhi: What is the name of Bo Ying, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty? Cao Sheng? . Representative work "August Sticker"
3. Cai Yong's representative works: Xi Shu Shi Ping Jing, Nine Trends and Pen Theory are all the first books written with flying colors. Bofeishu: Also known as? Grass seal? . A font with a special writing style. Cai Yong was inspired to write a white paper on flying. Is that a faint black white pen? Bai Fei's book? .
4. Liang Kun: A calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The word Huang Meng is from Anding Ubuntu (Gansu). What are the masterpieces of Confucius Temple Monument, Confucius Temple Monument and Zen Table? Book at eight o'clock. Octagonal Book: Created by Wang Cizhong in the Eastern Han Dynasty? According to records, it is said that the eight-point cut of Cheng Miao's official script is divided into two parts, and the two-point cut of Li Si's seal script is divided into eight parts, hence the name eight-point book. Later it evolved into today's regular script, also known as? Real books? .
5. Formerly known as Cao, he is good at it.
6. Wang Cizhong: Wang Zhong was a calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Pretend to be? The originator of regular script? .
7. Liu Desheng: The word Junyi, the people of Yingchuan (now Yuzhou City) created something between regular script and cursive script? Running script? Font, also known as later generations? The originator of running script? .
10, Hongdumen: mainly teaching, engaged in the creation and writing of ci and fu, not Confucian literature. It is the earliest literary university in China history.
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