Ming Dynasty: Wang Shouren
There is an elephant temple in the mountain of spirit and knowledge. Beneath it, the inhabitants of Miao Yi are salty and sacred. An Jun of Xuanwei, at the request of Miao Yi, newly built his temple. Please remember this. Yu said, "If it is destroyed, what is new?" Say, "new." "If you are new here, where can you live?" He said, "Si Temple is also a cause, and Gaimo doesn't know its source. However, my barbarian is the one who lives there. Since my father and my ancestors returned to the heights, they have respected it and worshipped it, but they dare not abolish it. " Yu Yue said, "What about Hu Ran? There is a sacrifice of nose, which was covered and destroyed by the Tang people. The way I like it, I think my son is unfilial and my brother is proud. It was rejected in the Tang Dynasty, but it still exists today. Bad nose, but still worse than this soil, Hu Ran? "
I know: if a gentleman's love is a person, it is pushed to his home, but it is worse than a saint's brother. However, it is Shun who worships, not Xiang. The death of the image is qualified after drying the feathers? How many people were arrogant in ancient times? The Temple of Elephants, chinese odyssey, I built it to see the virtue of obedience, and it went deep into people and flowed for a long time.
Elephants are heartless, covering their ears, knowing that they don't have to be obedient in the end? The Book didn't say anything: "Harmony is filial piety, and it is embarrassing." If you allow it, you will become a loving father. Elephants are still not brothers, and it is impossible to be harmonious. Good is not evil; If you don't get *, you will be good. Believe it or not, the elephant cover has become agreeable! Mencius said, "The son of heaven makes officials rule the country, but it seems omnipotent." Tianshun loves images and is meticulous, so she supports counselors. Otherwise, Duke Zhou is a saint, and Guan and Cai are inevitable. Seeing that the image is smooth, we can let the saints exercise their power and settle in their place, and add it to their people, even if they die. The secretary of the emperor, ordered by the son of heaven, established the system of Zhou officials, almost like the seal of Shun.
Therefore, I believe that human nature is good, and all people in the world can't be transformed. But the demise of the Tang people was also based on the beginning of the elephant; Today, all foreigners serve and inherit the image. Thinking is also true, I will show it to the world, so that I can know the shortcomings of people, although they are as beautiful as Yan, they can still be changed; And the gentleman's Xiu De, even it, though as ruthless, can still be changed. "
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There are elephant temples in Ling jiusan and Bonan Mountain. Many Miao people who live at the foot of that mountain worship him as a god. Xuanwei asked Angu to redecorate the house in the temple according to the requirements of Miao people, and asked me to write a note. I said, "Is it demolished or renovated?" Xuan Wei said, "Just fix it." I said, "What's the point of redecorating?" Ambassador Xuan Wei said, "Perhaps no one knows the origin of this temple. But the Miao people who live here, from my father and grandfather to my great-grandfather, are respectful and sincere, and dare not waste them. "
I said, "Why? Elephant shrines in places with noses were once destroyed by the Tang Dynasty. Elephants are unfilial to their sons and arrogant to their brothers. The object of sacrifice was reprimanded in the Tang Dynasty, but it still exists today. His ancestral temple was demolished in Nose, but it is still thriving here. Why is this? " I see. If a gentleman loves this man, he loves his crow, not to mention the sage's brother! In this case, the temple was built for shun, not for Xiang! I guess the hypothetical death is probably after Shun influenced the Miao nationality with dry feather dance. If not, would there be fewer violent and surly people in ancient times? However, the temple of the elephant can only spread to this world. From this, we can see that Shun's moral character is noble, has entered people's hearts and has been circulating with Deze for a long time. The ferocity of elephants has been like this from the beginning. How can we see that he was not influenced by Shun later? You can also listen to it, then he has been influenced by Shun to become a kind father; If an elephant doesn't respect his brother, it can't be said that the whole family is harmonious. If he progresses and does good, he will not keep evil; Don't go astray, which means you will be fine. It's true that the elephant was influenced by Shun! Mencius said, "The son of heaven seems to be omnipotent in sending officials to govern the country!" This is probably because Shun loves the elephant deeply and carefully, so the methods used to support and coach it are thoughtful. It can be seen from this that Xiang was influenced by Shun, so he was able to appoint sages, guard his position and be kind to the people. Therefore, after his death, people miss him. Governors and ministers were appointed by the Emperor of Heaven, which was the system of the Zhou Dynasty. This may be a way to imitate Shun seal! Therefore, I have reason to believe that human nature is good, and no one in the world is unaffected. In this case, people in the Tang Dynasty demolished the elephant's temple based on its behavior. Now the Miao people sacrifice to him, which is the performance of believing in elephants later.
I will explain this meaning to the world. Let people know that people's unkindness can be corrected even if they are like elephants; A gentleman cultivates his moral character to the extreme, and he can still influence others even if they are violent.
To annotate ...
Elephant Temple: A temple for elephants. Elephant, a famous, legendary Yu Shun's younger brother.
There is a nose: an ancient place name, in Dao County, Hunan Province. According to legend, Shun sealed an image here. After the elephant died, the local people built a temple for it.
Gǔsǒu: Shun's father's name.
Below: Arrive through "Arrive".
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This article was written when Wang Shouren was demoted to the secretariat of Longchang, Guizhou. Elephant Temple is an ancestral temple built in memory of Yu Shun's half-brother. According to the ancient legend, Xiang tried to kill Shun many times at the instigation of his mother, but all failed. Later, Xiang was influenced by Shun. After Shun ascended the throne, he was named the king of the nose country (the territory is in the north of Dao County, Hunan Province). In the traditional concept, the elephant is a negative image. In the Tang Dynasty, Daozhou secretariat destroyed the local elephant temple. The viewpoint that "there is no one in the world who can be reformed", as the reason why he was finally influenced, shows the greatness of Shun, thus showing the importance of this gentleman. This is also a concrete example of "to conscience" that the author has been advocating.
This is another paper to clarify the author's view of "to conscience". The full text begins with the restoration of the elephant shrine, and the author uses two questions from Hu to drive the full text. In the positive demonstration of the central content of "to conscience", the author adopts a layered and natural way. He first pointed out that the reason why people built temples for elephants was to commemorate Shun, the so-called "love me, love my dog", and then elaborated in detail how Shun influenced elephants. How "bad" elephants were in their early years was well known in ancient times, so I won't list them one by one. This naturally leads to the conclusion that "there is no one in the world who can be transformed" at the end of the fourth paragraph.
Wang Yangming's articles are popular and lively in order to publicize his philosophical thoughts. At the same time, in order to avoid analogy, he used to give more examples in his writing. For example, in this short passage, the ancient books he quoted are Jing and Mencius; He also used the historical fact of "doing what he had to do" to compare the influence of Shun. All these help to enhance the persuasiveness and readability of the article.
Further reading: Wang Shouren (thinker, strategist and master of psychology in Ming Dynasty)
Wang Shouren (1472, 10, 3 1- 1529, 1 9), Han nationality, was born in Yuyao County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province (now Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). Thinker, philosopher, calligrapher, strategist and educator in Ming Dynasty.
In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), he was a scholar, and successively served as the minister of punishments, the secretariat of Yicheng in Longchang, Guizhou, the magistrate of Luling, the governor of Gannan and the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In his later years, he served as an officer of Nanjing Ministry of War, and left the post of Duchayuan. He was awarded the title of Jianxin Bo for his exploits such as putting down the rebellion in Chen Hao, and was posthumously awarded the title of Marquis of Qin Long.
Together with Confucius, Mencius and Zhu, they are also called "masters of mind". The direct source of Wang Shouren's Wang Xue's theory and thought is Chen Xianzhang and Zhan Ruoshui's "Chen Zhan Xue Xin". The basic course of the development of Xue Xin in Ming Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started, Zhan Ruoshui perfected, and Wang Yangming epitomized. His academic thoughts spread to China, Japan, Korean Peninsula and Southeast Asia, and his achievements were the best in the next generation. There are so many disciples that they are called Yaojiang School. His articles are broad and prosperous, and there is a natural and unrestrained atmosphere between pen and ink. And Wang Wencheng's Kung Fu book.
Extended Reading: Wang Shouren Thought
Yangming school, also known as Wang Xue and Xue Xin, as a school of Confucianism, can be traced back to Mencius at the earliest, and it is a kind of Confucianism developed in Wang Shouren. Yangming's theory of mind does not originate from Lu Jiuyuan's theory of mind, but directly from "Chen Zhan's theory of mind". Chen Xianzhang initiated the study of mind in Ming Dynasty and influenced Wang Yangming through his disciple Zhan Ruoshui. There has always been a clear statement about the origin of Yangming's mind and Chen Zhan's mind. For example, Zhu Weizheng said, "Chen Xianzhang is the real godfather of Wang Yangming's theory"; Guangdong is the birthplace of Wang Xue.
Judging from Wang Shouren's life experience, he was obviously influenced by Taoism more than Buddhism, but ultimately he could not leave the essence of Confucianism. Inherit Lu Jiuyuan's thought that "mind is reason" and oppose Cheng Yi and Zhu's method of seeking "ultimate reason" through things. Because things are endless and tiring, he advocates "to conscience" and looks for "reasons" from his own heart. In the relationship between knowledge and action, it is emphasized that knowledge is more important than action, and there are actions in knowledge and knowledge in action. The so-called "integration of knowledge and practice" is inseparable from the two. Knowledge must be manifested in behavior, if not, it can't be regarded as real knowledge.
Yangming school is one of the mainstream theories in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, which later spread in Japan and had great influence on Japan and East Asia.