People's Education Edition Outline Volume II China History Class 65438, Grade 7 +0 to 3.
Prosperous sui dynasty
I. North-South reunification
1, the establishment of the Sui Dynasty
Time: 58 1 year Founder: Sui Wendi Sui Wendi Capital: Chang 'an.
2. Unification of Sui Dynasty
Time: 589.
Thinking: In connection with the historical characteristics of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, think about why the Sui Dynasty was reunified after experiencing the great division of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
After a long period of division and war, the people long for reunification.
(2) North: After the great national integration of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the national boundaries narrowed, creating conditions for the reunification of the North and the South.
South: With the economic development in the south of the Yangtze River, the people in the north and south demand to end the separatist regime and strengthen cross-strait economic exchanges;
The Sui Dynasty was governed vigorously, and its national strength was strong. The Chen dynasty ruled corruptly and its national strength was weak.
Second,? Ruled by the emperor?
Ruling measures of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty:
① Reform the system, ② Develop production, ③ Attach importance to government.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the country was unified and stable, the people's burden was light and the economy was prosperous. What is the history of Emperor Wen's rule? Ruled by the emperor? .
Third, the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty.
1, with Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of four or five kilometers.
2. The purpose of excavation: ① Visit Jiangdu; (2) Strengthen the north-south traffic; ③ Consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country.
Significance: It has greatly promoted the economic exchanges between North and South.
Lesson two? Zhenguan rule?
First, the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.
Time: 6 18 Founding Emperor: Tang Gaozu Li Yuan Capital: Chang 'an.
Second, the rule of Zhenguan.
1, focusing on summing up historical experience and lessons and attaching importance to the people's strength;
2. Pay attention to developing production and reducing people's burden;
3. Advocating frugality;
4. Appoint talented people, be open-minded and be good at receiving guidance.
During the period of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, there was a scene of prosperity, and the national strength gradually became stronger. Zhenguan rule? .
Third, Wu Zetian.
Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in the history of China.
Why is it called the rule of Wu Zetian in history? Ryan Kaiyuan, Hong Zhi Guan Zhen?
During the reign of Wu Zetian, Emperor Taizong continued to carry out the policy of developing agricultural production and selecting talents, further developed the social economy, strengthened the national strength of the Tang Dynasty, and paved the way for a prosperous new century.
Lesson 3 Kaiyuan Shi Sheng
First, the rule of Kaiyuan
Tang Xuanzong's performance;
(1) appointing talents (Yao Chong) (2) attaching importance to official management (3) advocating thrift.
Second, the prosperity of the prosperous economy.
1 agriculture
(1) Development of Farming Technology: Seedling Transplant Cultivation
(2) the development of tea production
The world's first monograph on tea, Tea Classic, appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Author Lu Yu was called by later generations. Tea god? .
(3) Improvement of farm tools: Qu Yuan plough and gondola car.
2, handicraft industry
(1) Silk industry
(2) Ceramic industry: Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang tricolor.
3. Business
(1) Famous metropolises: Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu.
(2) Chang 'an City
(1) Urban layout:
Palace, yamen, workshop and city are separated, and the palace area is located in the middle of the north of the city; The whole city is symmetrically distributed from east to west; The streets of the city are tidy and lined with trees.
② Population: one million people.
People of all ethnic groups and countries in the border areas gather and business is prosperous.
Chang 'an, Tang Dou is the center of ethnic exchanges and an international metropolis.
In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (Kaiyuan period), the politics was clear, the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous, the warehouses were full, and the population increased obviously. The Tang dynasty entered its heyday and was called "? Kaiyuan Shi Sheng? .
China history seventh grade Volume II People's Education Press Outline 4 to 6 lessons.
The fourth lesson is the establishment of the imperial examination system
1. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, officials have been selected from the children of powerful people.
Second, the birth and perfection of the imperial examination system
figure
contribution
Sui Wendi
We began to select officials through subject examinations.
Birth stage
emperor
The official establishment of Jinshi, the official birth of the imperial examination system.
Emperor Taizong
Expand the scale of Chinese studies and increase the number of examinees.
perfect stage
Wu Zetian
Jia Gongkao and Wu Ju.
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang dynasty
Enrich the examination content: Poetry Fu has become the main examination content of Jinshi.
Third, the influence of the imperial examination system.
1, the employment system has been improved, and talented scholars have the opportunity to work in governments at all levels.
2. It promotes the development of education.
3. Promoted the development of literature and art. 。
Lesson five? And the same family?
First, Songzan Gambu and Princess Wencheng
1, Tibetan customs and habits
Living area: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Production: nomadic, and part of them live by farming.
Advocate the meritorious military service and be proud of being killed in the battlefield.
2. Princess Wencheng entered Tubo
What is the significance of the relationship between Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gambu?
(1) has maintained peace and enhanced friendship.
② The economic and cultural exchanges between the two sides are closer.
3. Princess Jincheng entered Tibet.
Second, the ethnic minorities around the Tang Dynasty.
nation
effective area
Relationship with Tang Dynasty
Today's Hezu ancestors.
Tufan
northwest
And they belong to the same family: Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng, and Kridê Zukzain and Princess Jincheng intermarried.
right
Huihe
northwest
Tang Xuanzong named Perot as a bone strength? Huairen Khan? .
Uygur
Mohe
northeast
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty sealed Dawei? King of Bohai county? ,? Cheshuzu? .
Manchu
Nanzhao
southwestward
Tang Xuanzong named Piluge as? Yunnan king? .
Yi and Bai nationalities
Lesson 6 Friendly Exchange with Foreign Countries
I. Friendly exchanges with foreign countries
Major foreign friendship cities: Chang 'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou and Yangzhou.
Second, the friendly exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and Japan.
1, send messengers to the Tang Dynasty
2. Jian Zhen Du Dong
3. Tang Wenhua's influence on Japan: political system, writing, architecture, coins, customs, etc.
Second, the friendly exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and Silla.
Silla products ranked first in the import of Tang Dynasty; The introduction of Korean music into China has enriched the culture of China.
Third, Xuanzang's Journey to the West
Why did the Tang Dynasty maintain frequent friendly exchanges with other countries in the world?
1, the prosperity, prosperity and advancement of the Tang Dynasty have great attraction to all countries in the world.
2. The relatively open policy and relatively developed foreign traffic in the Tang Dynasty provided conditions for the friendly exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and other countries.
China history seventh grade Volume II PEP syllabus 7 to 1 1 lesson.
Lesson 7 and Lesson 8 Brilliant Sui and Tang Cultures
First, superb architectural level.
Zhao Zhouqiao 1
Designer: Li Chun of Sui Dynasty
Zhao Zhouqiao is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.
2. Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty
It was the largest city in the world at that time.
Second, the invention of block printing.
1, in Sui and Tang Dynasties, woodblock printing was invented.
2. Diamond Sutra
The earliest printed matter with exact date in existence in the world.
Third, the eternal glory of poetry
poet
magnum opus
trait
Lipper
The early development of Baidicheng and the difficulties in Shu.
Bold and imaginative.
Immortal poet
Du Fu
Three officials? Say goodbye?
Reflect social reality.
Poet saint
Bai Juyi
Qin Zhongyin and New Yuefu
Easy to understand, reflecting social reality.
4. Brilliant calligraphy and painting
1, calligraphy
Calligraphy style
calligrapher
magnum opus
Yan style
Yan Zhenqing
Duota monument
Liu style
liu zongyuan
Mysterious pagoda monument
Step 2 paint
Yan liben
Don't read the picture
Wu Daozi
Born of Gautama Buddha.
Draw a saint
Five, the art treasure house Mogao Grottoes
One of the greatest art treasures in the world.
Vi. Grand and festive music and dance
The famous songs and dances are "Qin Wang Qu" and "Cai Yu Qu" created by Emperor Taizong.
Lesson 9 the era of coexistence of state power
An Shi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. In 907, the Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the buffer region.
First, Liao, Song and Xixia coexist.
1, the rise of Khitan
(1) Living custom of Qidan: nomadic, and gradually began to have farming life in the late Tang Dynasty.
(2) The establishment of the Khitan State
2. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty
(1) The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty
(2) To relieve the military power with a glass of wine: to relieve the military power of the general with a banquet.
3. The establishment of Xixia
4. Peace War between Northern Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty
(1) In the early Song Dynasty, the battle against Liao failed, so we had to adopt a defensive policy.
(2) In Song Zhenzong, the alliance between Liao and Song was that Liao withdrew and Song gave Liao ancient coins.
5. Peace War between Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia
Peace talks between Song and Xixia: ① Yuan Hao became a vassal of Song; (2) Old coins given to Xixia in Song Dynasty; The two sides opened up trade at the border.
Second, the confrontation between Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty.
1, gold established
2. Jin destroyed Liao and Northern Song Dynasties.
3. The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty
4. Yue Fei resists gold
5. Shao Xinghe's proposal
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin became a vassal and gave him gold coins. The two sides drew a dividing line from Huaihe River to Dasanguan, and the confrontation between Song and Jin was formed.
state power
Build a country
clotting time
constructors
capital
Liao Dynasty/Liaohe/Laoning Province/Liaoyuan/Taishi
Qidan
1Early 20th century
Liao Taizu Abaoji
Shangjing
Northern Song Dynasty
Han (ha)
In 960,
Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu
Tokyo (now Kaifeng)
XiXia
xi xia language
165438+ Early 20th century
Li Yuanhao
Xingqing
golden
Nüzhen
1Early 2nd century
Jin Taizu Agoudas
Huining moved to Zhongdu.
Southern Song Dynasty
Han (ha)
1 127
Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong
Lin 'an (now Hangzhou)
The shift of economic center of gravity to the south
First, the development of agriculture in South China
1, the performance of agricultural development in Jiangnan:
(1) Introduction of Crop Varieties (Zhancheng Rice)
(2) The grain output, mainly rice, has greatly increased. Su Hu has matured and the world is full of? )
(3) Promote the cultivation of cash crops such as tea and cotton (cotton: from Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian to the Yangtze River basin)
2. What are the reasons for the rapid development of agriculture in Jiangnan?
(1) Economic factors: A large number of people from the Central Plains moved to the south, which increased the labor force in the south and brought advanced technology and production experience;
(2) Natural factors: the climate in the north and south became cold in the Song Dynasty, and the south was relatively suitable for crop growth; The natural conditions in the south are still relatively good.
(3) Political factors: There are few wars in the south, which provides a stable social environment for economic development.
Second, the prosperity of handicrafts in South China.
1, the improvement of the level of silk industry (Sichuan silk industry? Number one in the world? )
2. The rise of cotton industry (Hainan Island develops to the southeast coast)
3. The achievements of porcelain industry (ice crack porcelain in Geyao; Porcelain Capital: Jingdezhen)
4. The development of shipbuilding industry (shipbuilding industry in Song Dynasty became the first in the world at that time; Guangzhou and Quanzhou have developed shipbuilding industries)
Third, the prosperity of southern commerce.
1. Development of commercial cities in South China (commercial cities: Kaifeng and Hangzhou)
After Hangzhou changed its capital to Lin 'an, its prosperity far exceeded Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.
2. Development of overseas trade
(1) World-famous large commercial ports: Guangzhou and Quanzhou;
(2) China's merchant ships are as close as North Korea and Japan, as far as Arabian Peninsula and the east coast of Africa;
(2) Set up the Municipal Shipping Office (the organization that manages overseas trade).
3. Changes in the monetary system (the earliest paper money in the world appeared in Sichuan: jiaozi)
The social outlook of the song dynasty.
First, changes in customs such as food, clothing, housing and transportation.
Clothing: advocating frugality in the early Song Dynasty; Workers often wear short clothes with small sleeves; The bad habit of women's foot binding gradually spread.
Food: pasta is the main food in the north, and rice is the main food in the south; In the Northern Song Dynasty, mutton was the most meat, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, fish was the most.
Live in: hut, tile house, mansion.
Line: ox cart, donkey cart; Take a sedan chair and ride a mule.
Second, lively tiles and happy festivals
1, Wazi: a place for entertainment and business.
Festivals: Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.