Deng Jiaxian (1924-1986) was born in Huaining, Anhui Province, a famous nuclear physicist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Deng Jiaxian's grandfather was a famous calligrapher and seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, and his father was a famous aesthete and art historian. After the July 7th Incident, the whole family stayed in Beijing, and 16-year-old Deng Jiaxian went to Jiangjin, Sichuan with her sister to finish high school. From 1941 to 1945, he studied in the Physics Department of The National SouthWest Associated University, and was taught by famous professors such as Wang Zhuxi and Zheng Huachi. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, Deng Jiaxian taught in the Physics Department of Peking University.
in October p>1948, Deng Jiaxian went to the physics department of purdue university, Indiana, USA to study as a graduate student, and received his Ph.D. in physics in 195. On the 9th day after he got his degree, he boarded the ship returning home. After returning to China, Deng Jiaxian worked as an assistant researcher in the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, engaged in nuclear theory research. In August 1958, he was transferred to the newly-established Nuclear Weapons Research Institute as the director of the theoretical department, responsible for leading the theoretical design of nuclear weapons, and then served as the deputy director and director of the Institute, the vice president and dean of the Ninth Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, the deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and the deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.
Deng Jiaxian is the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development, and is known as the "father of two bombs". In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport and so on, completed the theoretical scheme of atomic bomb, and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test of nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, Deng Jiaxian organized forces to explore the design principle of hydrogen bombs and selected technical approaches. He led and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967.
The Summary of Theoretical Research on China's First Atomic Bomb, written by Deng Jiaxian and Zhou Guangzhao, is a groundbreaking basic masterpiece on the theoretical design of nuclear weapons, which summarizes the research achievements of hundreds of scientists. This work not only plays a guiding role in the future theoretical design, but also serves as an introductory textbook for training researchers. Deng Jiaxian also made an important contribution to the study of the equation of state at high temperature and high pressure. In order to train young researchers, he also wrote many lectures on electrodynamics, plasma physics, spherical concentric detonation wave theory, etc. Even after assuming the heavy responsibility of dean, he began to write "quantum field theory" and "group theory" after work.
Deng Jiaxian is an outstanding representative of China intellectuals. For the prosperity of the motherland and the development of national defense scientific research, he was willing to be an unsung hero and struggled in obscurity for decades. He often appears in the most dangerous positions at critical moments, regardless of personal safety, which fully embodies his lofty and selfless dedication. He made outstanding contributions to the development of China's nuclear weapons, but little was known. Only after his death did people know his deeds.
He is mainly engaged in nuclear physics, theoretical physics, neutron physics, plasma physics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics and has made outstanding achievements. Since 1958, he has organized and led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport, etc., and made a large number of simulation calculations and analysis on the physical process of atomic bombs, thus taking the first step of China's independent research and design of nuclear weapons, leading the completion of the theoretical scheme of China's first atomic bomb, and participating in guiding the detonation simulation test before the nuclear test. Immediately after the success of the atomic bomb test, he organized forces to explore the design principle of the hydrogen bomb, selected technical approaches, organized and led and personally participated in the development and test of the first hydrogen bomb in China in 1967. In 1979, Deng Jiaxian became the president of the Institute of Nuclear Weapons. In 1984, deep in the desert, he successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons tests in China. The following year, his cancer spread could not be saved, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. On July 16th, 1986, Li Peng, then Vice Premier of the State Council, went to the hospital and awarded him the National May 1st Labor Medal. On July 29th, 1986, Deng Jiaxian died of systemic hemorrhage. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Meritorious Medal.
Write Deng Jiaxian in comparison with Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb" in the United States. Oppenheimer is a top-notch figure with sharp edges. Deng Jiaxian is the least conspicuous figure, honest and honest, sincere and frank, and never proud. He is "the person with the most simple temperament of China farmers". People know that he is unselfish and absolutely trust him, which is why he can lead everyone to make historic contributions. Draw a conclusion from the comparison: "Deng Jiaxian is the son with the highest dedication bred by thousands of years of traditional culture in China." "Deng Jiaxian is the ideal party member of China's * * * production party." It shows that only China's traditional cultural background can produce a noble character like Deng Jiaxian, and only Deng Jiaxian can adapt to the needs of China society and make great contributions to the development of the nation. Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: "I am the son of the people of China, and I deeply love my motherland and people." Deng Jiaxian's temperament, character and dedication are consistent with Comrade Xiaoping's voice. In the fourth part, the author writes that he got the news that China's atomic bomb project was made by self-reliance without any foreigners, so his feelings were greatly shocked and tears filled his eyes for a while. This is the author's pride in the Chinese nation and his friend Deng Jiaxian for 5 years.
Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province in 1924. The following year, he went to Beijing with his mother and grew up beside his father, who was a philosophy professor at Tsinghua and Peking University. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. In 1935, he was admitted to Chongde Middle School, and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, who was two classes taller than him and a neighbor in Tsinghua University. Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. After the fall of Beiping in 1937, he secretly attended the anti-Japanese party. Under the arrangement of his father, he went to Kunming, the rear area, with his elder sister, and was admitted to the Physics Department of Southwest United University in 1941.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in p>1945, Deng Jiaxian graduated from The National SouthWest Associated University and joined the "People's Youth", the peripheral organization of the * * * production party, in Kunming, and devoted himself to the struggle for democracy and against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. The following year, he returned to Peiping, where he was employed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics of Peking University, and served as the chairman of the faculty union of Peking University in the student movement. With the ambition of learning more skills to build a new China, he passed the postgraduate examination in the United States in 1947 and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana in the following autumn. Because of his outstanding academic achievements, he read all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Dr. Doll".
in August p>195, nine days after receiving his doctorate in the United States, Deng Jiaxian refused to be retained by his mentor and friends at the same school and decided to return to China. In October of the same year, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher. In the following eight years, he studied China's nuclear theory. In 1953, he married Xu Luxi. Xu Luxi was the eldest daughter of Xu Deheng, an important student leader of the May 4th Movement and later vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). In 1954, Deng Jiaxian joined the China Producer Party.
In the autumn of p>1958, Qian Sanqiang, Vice Minister of the Second Machinery Department, approached Deng Jiaxian and said that "the country would set off a big firecracker" and asked him if he would like to take part in this work which must be kept strictly confidential. Deng Jiaxian agreed without hesitation. When he went home, he only told his wife that he "wanted to transfer his job". He could no longer take care of his family and children, and communication was difficult. The wife, who was nurtured by patriotic thoughts since childhood, understood that her husband must be engaged in work of great significance to the country and expressed her firm support. From then on, Deng Jiaxian's name disappeared in publications and external contacts, and his figure only appeared in the deep courtyard with strict guards and the Gobi desert.
After Deng Jiaxian became the director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Research Institute of the Second Machinery Department, he first selected a group of college students to prepare relevant Russian materials and atomic bomb models. In June 1959, the Soviet government terminated the original agreement, and the Central Committee made up its mind to make atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and satellites by itself. Deng Jiaxian served as the head of the theoretical design of the atomic bomb, while deploying his colleagues to study and calculate separately, and he also took the lead in tackling key problems. When confronted with a figure of atmospheric pressure left by a Soviet expert, Deng Jiaxian overturned the original conclusion with rigorous calculation with the help of Zhou Guangzhao, thus solving the key problem related to the success or failure of China's atomic bomb test. Mathematician Hua Luogeng later said that this is the result of "a collection of mathematical problems in the world".
Deng Jiaxian not only worked hard in secret scientific research institutes, but also often went to the Gobi proving ground where sand and stones were flying. In October 1964, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, and it was he who finally signed the design scheme. He also led the researchers to quickly enter the explosion site to take samples after the test to confirm the effect. He joined Yu Min and others in the study of hydrogen bombs. According to the "Deng Yu plan", the hydrogen bomb was finally made, and it was successfully tested two years and eight months after the atomic bomb exploded. Compared with France's eight years, the United States' seven years and the Soviet Union's four years, this has created the fastest speed in the world.
in p>1972, Deng Jiaxian served as the vice president of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, and in 1979, he served as the president. In 1984, deep in the desert, he successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons tests in China. The following year, his cancer spread could not be saved, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. On July 16th, 1986, the State Council awarded him the National May 1st Labor Medal. On July 29th of the same year, Deng Jiaxian passed away. His last words were still about how to work hard on cutting-edge weapons, and urged: "Don't let others leave us too far ..."
Although Deng Jiaxian had long been the leader of nuclear testing, he appeared in the front line in the spirit of being extremely responsible for his work at the most critical and dangerous time. For example, the life and death of nuclear weapons, such as inserting detonators and uranium ball processing, are all at the dangerous moment of one shot, which not only strengthens management, but also gives great encouragement to operators.
once, there was a parachute accident during the flight test, and the atomic bomb fell to the ground and was broken. Deng Jiaxian was well aware of the danger, but he grabbed it by himself and took the broken atomic bomb fragments into his hand for careful inspection. As a medical professor, his wife knew that he had "held" the cracked atomic bomb and forced Deng Jiaxian to check it when he returned to Beijing. It was found that there were radioactive substances in his urine, his liver was damaged and radioactive substances were invaded in his bone marrow. Subsequently, Deng Jiaxian still insisted on returning to the nuclear test base. When he was struggling, he insisted on loading the detonator himself, and for the first time, he gave an order to the people around him with the authority of the dean: "You are still young, you can't go!" In 1985, Deng Jiaxian finally left Lop Nur and returned to Beijing, still wanting to attend the meeting. The doctor forced him to be hospitalized and informed him that he had cancer. He collapsed feebly in his hospital bed, facing the comfort of his wife and defense minister Zhang Aiping, and said calmly, "I knew this day would come, but I didn't expect it to come so soon." The central authorities tried their best, but they couldn't save his life. Shortly before Deng Jiaxian's death, the organization provided him with a private car. He just sat in with the help of his family and turned around a little, indicating that he had enjoyed the treatment given by the state. Thirteen years after his death, on the eve of the 5th anniversary of the National Day in 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded Deng Jiaxian the gold "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal".