Literary and artistic works always contain the morality and values of the author or a certain era. China's traditional values represented by Confucianism, especially Neo-Confucianism, mostly hold a positive attitude towards Lu. Li Zhi regarded him as "Buddha-like perfection" from the hypocritical concept. Jin Shengtan thinks he is "the best person in the world"; Yan Nan Shang Sheng thinks he is "a very talented but thoughtful person" in the New Theory of Water Margin. [See: Li Zhi, "The Hundred Stories of Loyalty and Justice in the Water Margin", "Water Margin Data Set", Beijing, Zhonghua Book Company, 1980, p. 9 1 page; Jin Shengtan, Reading the Fifth Talented Person's Handwriting, ibid., p. 34. Yan Nan Shang Sheng, A New Theory of Water Margin, ibid., p. 5 1. Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, used chivalrous and brave virtues to draw his sword to help him when the road was rough, praising his courage and frankness, and promoting his rebellious personality without being bound by Buddhist precepts.
1. Love and hate are clear, and hate is like hatred.
In Water Margin, when Lu Shenzhi appeared, he killed Zhenkansai with three fists. Zheng Tu, a local ruffian and rogue, was bullying and nicknamed "Zhenkansai". He openly forced Jin Cuilian, a commoner, to be his concubine, raped her first and then abandoned her, and blackmailed the actual pledge of 3,000 yuan. Kim's father and daughter were unable to argue with him, so they had to sing in tears to pay off their debts. Zheng Tu also ordered the store to supervise them and prevent them from escaping. After listening to the tragic experience of Kim's father and daughter, Lu's performance is different from ordinary people. He asked three questions in a row: "What's your last name? Which inn are you resting in? Where does Guan Zheng live in that town? " Concern was beyond words, so he immediately went to kill Zheng Tu. After being dismissed, "I didn't eat dinner, so I fell asleep angrily." 【 Shi Naian's "Water Margin" (the third time Shi Dalang ran to Kansai, the punching town of Huayin County at night), People's Literature Publishing House, Beijing Second Edition, 1997, 1, and the following texts are quoted accordingly unless otherwise specified. ] The next day, when it was dawn, Lu rushed to the store where Kim's father and daughter lived and asked the bartender to tell them to set off. When they went away, they got up and went to Zheng Tu, deliberately provoking Zheng Tu by asking for lean meat, fat meat and cartilage, so that he could start first, so as to have an excuse to hit him. Sure enough, he was furious, seized the knife and hit it. Lu took the opportunity to punch three times and hit two feet, which not only removed the evil in his heart, but also harmed the place. This incident clearly shows the heroic quality of Lu and the excellent quality of Lu. Taking evil as enemy, not afraid of power, fighting violence with violence, speaking out bravely, going forward bravely, regardless of gains and losses, and taking the initiative to attack are the main characteristics of Lu's character.
2. Be brave and resourceful, and be crude and meticulous.
In the Water Margin, Lu "pondered" several times to let his father and daughter leave safely, which shows his delicacy. "I was afraid that the bartender would come and intercept him and pushed a stool to sit in the store for two hours. After Gong Jin went far, he got up and came to Zhuangyuan Bridge. " Lu was so impatient and rude that he sat around the hotel gate for two hours, that is, four hours. It's really hard for him. What is here can be described as cautious. Lu was able to sit patiently for four hours because of his inner sense of responsibility. He must let the Kim father and daughter leave Wei safely, and he also knows that one is an old man and the other is a woman. They didn't have their own good feet, so they sat for four hours. But just the day before, when he heard what happened to Kim's father and daughter, he couldn't wait to beat Zheng Tu. After being persuaded to go home, he "fell asleep angrily without dinner"; The next day, "it's twilight", he came early to arrange for the Kim father and daughter. There is a great contrast between the impatience in front and the patience at this time, showing the characteristics of coarse and fine. When he pounded Kansai Town, he didn't expect to kill Zheng Tu with three punches. He immediately thought of going to jail for it. He was single, and no one delivered food, so he pretended to be angry and pointed to Zheng Tu's body and said, "You cheat to death, and you should pay attention to it slowly." "A scolding is a big step." So he ran away. All these show Ruda's brave and resourceful personality.
3. Be spontaneous, kind and heavy.
In "The Water Margin", Lu did what he had to do, ate what he had to do, helped what he had to do, hit what he had to do, and acted spontaneously without any restrictions. He never looks forward and backward, so he is swayed by considerations of gain and loss Always act according to your conscience and temperament, and be happy and thorough. When he heard Kim's father and daughter crying that they couldn't vote for relatives and were bullied and blackmailed in a foreign land, he immediately said, "Old son, why don't you come and bring some money and go back to Tokyo tomorrow?" Immediately received fifteen taels of silver and gave it to Jin Lao. As soon as he heard the evil deeds of Zhenkansai, he was reckless, taught him a lesson and killed him with three punches. These outstanding qualities show Lu's compassion, kindness, generosity and magnanimity, and fully illustrate his "naturalized" characteristics of "doing things with the nature and disregarding details". Jin Shengtan praised Lu many times with the word "broad" (meaning heavy and open-minded). For example, "Lu Da is naturally a superior person, writing with a thick heart and a big body" and "writing Lu Haoran and hitting people are also generous." Lu is free, broad-minded, broad-minded, childlike, bohemian and natural, which is also our nature.
Second, from the modern value of Lu's character defects
Different conclusions can be drawn from studying Lu's literary and artistic image from different angles, but one thing has long been recognized in the literary world, that is, his image-building can represent the writer's literary attainments and is one of the unsurpassed classics in China's literary history. The author thinks that it is of great practical significance to re-study and analyze Lu's literary image from a modern perspective for a comprehensive study of Water Margin and for enriching the knowledge system of contemporary China's literary theory. The so-called "modern values" perspective refers to the values centered on "democracy, freedom and equality", which originated from the May 4th Movement (although the ideological differences between these values and the socialist core values advocated by us remain to be discussed). Through the analysis and research of classic literary works with humanistic and modern values, the spiritual essence contained in literary works is reinterpreted under the modern social and cultural values and systems. Through this process, we can draw some conclusions completely different from previous studies, that is, the Water Margin truthfully records and depicts Lu's defects with realistic brushstrokes:
1. Rough brine is impatient and rude.
Lu's rough, impatient and rude image is not only reflected in his actions, but also in his language. He and Shi Jin went in for a drink. When they met Shi Jin's former master, they took him for a drink. Lu Zhishen said: Tell them to wait, who will wait patiently for you? Let's go! Let's go! "Then, he pushed away and handed over the people who sold plasters in Jong Li, drove everyone away and forced Jong Li to drink with them. Here, from the language and behavior, he showed his reckless and impatient character. Forcing others to drink, but not feeling rude. Another example is "Ruda was in a hurry, so he threw all the plates and lights on the ground." "Lu da said,' What are you sitting on? You can leave if you want. What are you waiting for? "And so on in action and language also showed his impatience. He often names such as "acid pickling and splashing talents", "straight mother thief", "bird man" and "bird temple", which is even more rude. What's more, he became a monk in Wutai Mountain, but he robbed people to drink and urinated after the Buddha statue. Not only did he not abide by the rules and regulations of the temple, but he also appeared uncultured, wild and vulgar, and showed his vulgar character.
2. Credit, look down on people.
As soon as Lu appeared, he owed money for making tea as an "appearance fee." After drinking tea with Shi Jin, he left without paying the bill. The book wrote: "Rutihai took Shi Jin's hand and walked out of the teahouse. Lu da said,' I'll pay you back the tea myself.' Dr. Cha replied, "You are in charge, but you have to eat, and then you go." So he and Shi Jin invited for a drink, met the Jin family's father and daughter, gave them fifteen taels of silver, and after drinking, he called, "Sir, I'll pay you back tomorrow." . "The host family repeatedly replied," I only care about going by myself, so I might as well eat. I'm afraid I won't get credit. " The result we know is that the next day, the killer left, so the tea and wine money had to be credited first. Obviously, even if he doesn't kill people, he won't return the money for tea and wine. Shen Zhi is not a greedy man. The reason for this is that he has been poisoned by a common concept in that society-the idea of official standard. He eats and drinks for nothing, and the focus is not on eating and drinking itself, but on his ability to gain credit. He can be trusted, the focus is not on credit itself, but on credit to show his identity-an official! Lu's official standard thought is most obvious when attacking. At that time, he said: "It is worthwhile for Zanjia to start investing in the old business and call it the town of Kansai. You are a butcher selling meat, a dog-like person, also known as Zhenkansai! How did you cheat Jin Cuilian? " This passage can best reflect Lu's contempt for, which is not contempt for character, but discrimination in identity and occupation. It is the most typical expression of China's official standard thought, and it still exists today. [,on Lu-an artistic model representing the backbone of the Chinese nation, China Literature Network, Network. Although he later became a monk, he was no longer an "official", and from beginning to end he regarded ordinary people as a vulnerable group and regarded himself as a "hero" who "rescued him from the quagmire".
3. act rashly and don't talk about the law
It seems a little picky to ask Liangshan heroes in feudal society to act according to law; However, when we think about it carefully, Lu Da was then a low-cost visiting ambassador of Kansai Fifth Road and the governor of Jingluefu (equivalent to the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee and the Minister of the People's Armed Forces of a prefecture-level city today). He is the first mate in charge of such affairs, and he has the power and even the obligation to deal with it according to law. We have reason to ask this question. Can the appearance of "Jin Cuilian" case itself be regarded as judicial dereliction of duty in Luda? After listening to the story of Kim's father and daughter, it is a bit rash to plan to find someone to fight. From a more strict point of view, if this matter is changed in the time and space of a society ruled by law, Rutihai should carefully investigate the exact truth of the facts, sanction Zheng Tu in the name of law, and convince Zheng Tu when being sanctioned. If the judicial system is too corrupt, all legal remedies have failed, and Zheng Tu still hasn't got the punishment he deserves. It is unreasonable to beat him again at this time, which will make people happy and the justice of the law will be safeguarded. Obviously, the legal procedure is very complicated, not as crisp, quick and painful as the three fists and two feet under the jurisdiction of Lu Da. [Han Xiao, Shanglu, Sina blog, network. The author wrote this way, on the one hand, reflecting the social reality of judicial corruption at that time, and on the other hand, to meet the readers' "reading expectations" for heroes at that time.