Fudan university alumni. Journalists, poets, calligraphers, patriotic politicians and revolutionaries in the history of modern calligraphy in China. During the Revolution of 1911, he was a famous newspaper activist and educator. Shaanxi Sanyuan people, ancestral home Jingyang. Formerly known as Bo Xun, the word is attractive. Once named Liu and Yuan Chunyu, later named after the homonym "Recreation" and "Youren"; Do not sign "Sao Xin", "Beard Weng", named Beard Weng, later named "Taiping Old Man".
He was a juren in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. Wanted by the Qing court for publishing "Half Crying and Half Laughing, Building Poetry Grass", he was desperate for Shanghai, so he entered Sinian Public School. Dropouts from Aurora College. Joined the Guangfu Association and the League in his early years. Starting from 1907, China Daily and People's Daily were established to actively publicize the democratic revolution. He has served as the second minister of the Ministry of Communications of the Nanjing Provisional Government, the commander-in-chief of the National Allied Forces in Shaanxi, the president of the Audit Institute and the Supervision Institute. He is an important decision-maker of the Kuomintang. 19 12, he served as Minister of Communications of Nanjing Government, Auditor-General and Inspector-General of National Government, and Dean of Supervision Institute for 34 years. Later, he retired from Taiwan Province Province with the Kuomintang. 15 years, when Yu Youren lived in Taiwan Province province, the calligraphy atmosphere in Taiwan Province province first appeared the trend that stele study overwhelmed pavilion posts. 1964 died of long-term depression due to political reasons in Taipei. Yu Youren's Tomb is located in Yangming Mountain, Taipei, and there are sculptures on the main peak of Yushan Mountain.
As early as the 1920s, Yu Youren's calligraphy works were praised as "the north is in Nanzheng", and "Nanzheng" refers to Zheng Xiaoxu. Especially good at cursive script, he pioneered the "standard cursive script" and was known as the "contemporary cursive sage". Yu Youren 1932 founded the standard cursive calligraphy club in Shanghai. Based on the principles of easy recognition, easy writing, accuracy and beauty, he sorted out, studied and popularized Chinese cursive script in China, compiled a systematic cursive script symbol, and compiled a standard cursive script with thousands of characters (first edition, Shanghai Articles Publishing House 1936), which has far-reaching influence and is still being reprinted today. It has the reputation of "modern book saint". His works include Wandering Stones, Wandering Figures, Wandering Figures, Walking Grass, etc. Mr. Yu Youren's only surviving adopted son and disciple, Mr. Liu Tianyi (also known as Liu Tianyi and Liu Tianyi), has settled and lived in Ning. At present, Yu Youren's calligraphy is being sorted out and studied, and a new dictionary of China's cursive calligraphy is being compiled. This dictionary is based on Mr. Liu Tianyi's inheritance and development of Yu Youren standard cursive script, which is easy to understand, easy to write, accurate and beautiful. It has also added more abundant and broader gestures of hundreds of ancient and modern Chinese characters, revised and improved the limitations and shortcomings of China's calligraphy in today's social practice, and made the standard cursive script jump out of the limitations and one-sided understanding of China's conservative and outdated calligraphy art and academic thought by individuals and a few people. The spread and application of Chinese characters in China have also been reasonably liberated from the original tedious strokes and brushwork, making China's calligraphy cursive script really a tool to improve the writing speed and efficiency of Chinese characters.
"You Ren" was originally a pen name used for submission in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), and later became his most commonly used name. Other pen names include Sao Xin, Dafeng, Guoxue Old Master Q, Peeled Fruit, Half Crying and Half Laughing Landlord, Tears of Blood, Gankun-Azalea, Kansai Yu Zi and so on. My ancestral home is Jingyang, Shaanxi, and I was born in Sanyuan, Shaanxi. At the age of two, he lost his mother and was raised by his aunt Fang. Later, with the help of my uncle, I entered the Confucian Mao Banxiang private school. In the twenty-first year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1895), he was admitted to the county school with the first place and became a scholar. Two years later, he continued to study in Sanyuan Hongdao Academy, Jingyang Weijin Academy and Xi 'an Guanzhong Academy. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), he took the annual examination and made up the students with the first place. He was once praised as "the wizard of northwest China" by Shaanxi Taishou Ye. In the twenty-sixth year (1900), Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, and Empress Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled to An. Yu Youren, who participated in the "Kneeling", became more aware of the corruption and kitsch of Qing politics, wrote many poems that were concerned about the country and the people and criticized the current politics, and edited them into "Poem Grass Half Crying and Half Laughing". In the 29th year of Guangxu (1900), after seeing Selected Poems, Ling Derui of Sanyuan County immediately reported it to Yun Sheng, the governor of Shaanxi Province, who played it in the court on the charge of "talking about revolution and opposing Taoism". In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the Qing court ordered the arrest of Yu Youren. After Yu's relatives and friends heard the news, they spent a lot of money to hire someone to Kaifeng to inform Yu who was taking the exam there. At this moment, Ann's telegraph office and road post broke down, and the official document of the Qing court's arrest was delayed, so Yu was able to flee from Kaifeng to Shanghai immediately, under the pseudonym of Liu, and studied at the Aurora Academy founded by Ma. Shortly after entering the school, the French priest in charge of education affairs at Aurora College took advantage of Ma's illness to try to make Aurora dominated by the church. Ma Xiang Bo resigned angrily, and the students left the school at the same speed. In order to solve the problem of school leavers, Yu Youren hired Ma, Ye Zhongyu and others to form Fudan Public School, which officially opened in the Mid-Autumn Festival in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905).
Yu Youren's last poem "National Mourning"
Bury me in the mountains,
Look at my continent;
The mainland is invisible,
Only crying.
Bury me in the mountains,
Look at my hometown;
Hometown is invisible,
Never forget.
The sky is gray,
Wild,
Shan Ye,
State funeral
Yu Youren's famous patriotic poem "Looking at the Mainland" (also known as "National Mourning") was published on June 5438+096465438+ 10, after Mr. Wang died in Taipei. Mr. Yu Youren, who lived in Taiwan Province Province in his later years, was very eager to return to his roots, but he didn't get it. 1962 65438+1October 12 He wrote in his diary: "After a hundred years, I would like to bury the wooded heights in Yushan or Alishan. People with high mountains and big trees can always look at the mainland. My hometown is Chinese mainland ". Soon after, Mr. Yu Youren wrote a poem "Looking at the Mainland" from196265438+1October 24th, with sincere and depressed feelings.
This is an elegy written by him to miss his hometown in mainland China, in which homesickness and homesickness are beyond words, and it is a swan song that touches the deep soul of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
1949, Yu Youren was taken to Taiwan Province province, but his wife and son stayed on the mainland, living far apart. Therefore, his "looking to the mainland" is not a general feeling of home and country, but a deep-rooted pain of life experience. The reunification of the motherland is the poet's lifelong pursuit.
Reading this poem gives people a deep sadness and patriotism. Due to well-known reasons, Yu Xiansheng lived in Taiwan Province Province for a long time and could not return to Sang Zi. However, the waves in the Strait kept separating, which could not stop him from looking at the mainland, missing his hometown and missing his loved ones.
The first two verses of the poem use the method of composition and steps, and are sung repeatedly, expressing deep yearning and attachment to the mainland and hometown, which is a strong expression of the poet's true feelings. Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "Those who touch people's hearts don't put feelings first." It is this sincere and strong emotion and unforgettable thought that gives readers a strong shock and causes readers' feelings and thoughts. The first two sentences of the last paragraph of the poem borrowed two sentences from the northern folk song "Song of Yuefu", with overlapping words and vivid images! The last two sentences are "Shan Ye, there is national mourning!" The meaning is pun, rich. "Mourning the nation" comes from Qu Yuan's Chu Ci "Nine Songs". Nine Songs is a set of poems written by Qu Yuan during his exile, imitating the sacrificial songs of Southern Chu, and National Mourning is one of them, which is an elegy to mourn the soldiers. The so-called "mourning" and "Xiao Er Ya" said: "Ghosts have no owners, for mourning." The poet skillfully used "national mourning" to express his regret that he could not be buried in the mainland and returned to his hometown after his death. The ancients said, "When a bird flies back to its hometown, the fox dies first." Animals are like this, how can people be inferior? Man-made obstruction has separated relatives and separated flesh and blood. You can't go back to your hometown after death, and there is no peace. How can you read it without tears? With the help of these two poems, the poet expressed the feelings of many people who have the same experience as the poet: what they are haunting is the reunification of the motherland! Mr. Wang did not see the reunification of the motherland before his death. After his death, he was buried in Gaogang and looked to the mainland. How disappointing!
Now, Hongkong and Macau have returned to China, and we are looking forward to Taiwan Province Province, which has been blocked for half a century, returning to her mother's arms as soon as possible! I believe that a unified, prosperous and powerful China will soon stand in the east of the world! At this point, Mr. Yu Youren died laughing! Yu Youren's deathbed mystery
1In mid-August, 964, Yu Youren was hospitalized due to illness. One day in September, Yang Lianggong, an old subordinate of Yu Youren, visited him in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Yu Youren was very happy, but because of his serious illness and sore throat, he couldn't say anything he wanted to say. Yang Lianggong then took his hand and asked, "What can the Dean say to me?" Yu Youren thought for a moment and held out a finger. Yang Lianggong doesn't know what this means. After a while, Yu Youren held out three fingers to Yang Lianggong. Yang Lianggong guessed several answers, but Yu Youren shook his head and denied it. Yang Lianggong had to say, "Dean, when you are better, I'll ask you what you just said, okay?" Yu Youren nodded his head. Since then, Yu Youren's illness is getting worse every day, and he is in a coma. 1964165438+1October 10 at 8: 08 pm, Yu Youren died at the age of 86. He didn't leave any last words, so people regard his poems on the mainland as his will. The body was buried in Guanyin Mountain, the highest mountain in Taipei, and a bronze statue facing the mainland was erected at the top of Yushan Mountain (the highest peak in southeast China) at an altitude of 3,997 meters. Yushan Mountain is steep, and the 4-meter-high bronze statue and building materials are carried bit by bit by members of Taiwan Province Mountaineering Association. Yu Youren finally realized his wish to climb high and overlook his native land.
The meaning of one finger and three fingers has always been a mystery. Later, Lu Keng, an old journalist, thought that Yu Youren's "one finger and three fingers" should be understood as follows: China will be reunified in the future, and his coffin will be shipped back to the mainland and buried in his hometown of Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province.
"Three old houses, an ancient pagoda and a piece of dry cloth." This is people's evaluation of Mr. Sanyuan's former residence, and the old pagoda tree that has grown for more than 300 years has deeply touched Mr. Sanyuan. ..
When Yu Youren was young, he followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen and made outstanding contributions to overthrowing the feudal rule of Manchu. He actively advocated the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, initiated education and built water conservancy projects, and was a sincere patriot. He was an early poet of Nanshe, who wrote nearly 900 poems in his life. His poems, lyrics and songs are all accomplished. He wrote many poems that entrusted the rise and fall of the country and the nation, such as You Jian Wen Cun and You Shi Ren Shu. He is also a famous calligrapher and founded the calligraphy art of "Yu Ti". Lin Yutang once said: "Among contemporary calligraphers, Yu Youren, the supervisor, is the best model. His status today is partly due to his calligraphy."
Yu Youren and Cooking
Food cooking belongs to the cultural category and is also one of the symbols of human civilization. In the history of China, many literati commented on delicious dishes with local flavor, wrote inscriptions (plaques), or recited poems to express their feelings, which added luster and added value to these dishes.
Yu Youren, a veteran of the Kuomintang, a famous calligraphy master and poet, was born in Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province. Every time he goes back to his hometown to visit relatives, he always tastes local dishes at Deting Hotel in the county. This restaurant has shredded squid in brown sauce, fried eel, white chopped meat and pimple noodles. There is a gold thread oil tower, which is shaped like a tower with continuous gold thread winding and overlapping. It tastes oily but not greasy, refreshing and delicious. There are bubble oil cakes evolved from "seeing the wind disappear" (oil bath cake) in the Tang Dynasty's "Burning Tail Food List". The color is milky white, the surface is thick, such as gauze and cicada wings, and there are countless pearl bubbles. It tastes mellow and melts in the mouth. Its shape is exquisite and clear, just like a smart silk flower. Yu praised the cooking skills and flavor characteristics of these dishes. On a whim, he wrote the inscriptions "Mingde Pavilion" and "Zhang Rong, a famous chef" for the restaurant, thus making this restaurant, which was founded in 193 1 year, famous for its three Qin dynasties.
192 1 in Tomb-Sweeping Day, he visited Ji Xuhou Hotel opened by Xu Renfu in Changle Square, Dongguan, Xi. This hotel has Huang Gui thick wine, which evolved from the Shang and Zhou "mash" more than 3,000 years ago.
In Du Fu's Song of Drinking Eight Immortals, "Li Bai fights for 300 yuan, Chang 'an goes to a restaurant to sleep, and the son of heaven doesn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster" and "the imperial concubine is drunk" are all "skim" thick wines without starch. The alcohol content of this wine is 15%, the juice is as thick as milk, the color is as white as jade, the mouth is sweet, the wine is rich and mellow, and the fragrance remains in the mouth after drinking. This unique wine attracted the master of calligraphy. After drinking, he was amazed and improvised "JOE Huangguinong Wine Shop". The Xu family made it into a plaque and hung it on the store door, which made it famous and became a story of the ancient city.
1942 On the way to Shu, Yu Youren tasted the famous king walnut biscuit in ningqiang county county, southern Shaanxi. This kind of cake was used as a tribute in the Qing Dynasty. It is made of flour and walnuts with oil, salt and other auxiliary materials. Crisp and fragrant, with a long aftertaste and rich nutrition. I was full of praise after eating. Subsequently, the business of this store is booming.
1in the summer of 947, the first students of Shaanxi Normal University graduated, and the relevant departments organized them to observe and study in the southeast provinces with relatively developed education. As soon as he arrived in Nanjing, Yu Youren, then the counselor of the National Government, heard the news and specially invited all the teachers and students to meet him at his apartment. Then, invite everyone to dinner. In the yard, around the flower beds, there are many stalls: bean jelly, stuffing skin, cold noodles, Lamian Noodles, fermented glutinous rice, Yuanxiao, sesame seed cake, bacon and other Shaanxi-style snacks, which are colorful and fragrant. At home, everyone can eat whatever they want, just like today's buffet. Teachers and students are very active, laughing and laughing constantly.
Interestingly, there is a famous "Shi Jia Hotel" in Mudu Town, Wuxian County, under the Lingshan Mountain on the coast of Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province. Among the top ten famous dishes in the store, there is a dish called "(fish market) soup". This dish was originally called "semi-dry soup". The liver of grouper, a specialty of Taihu Lake, is used as raw material, supplemented by ham slices, mushrooms, bamboo shoots and chicken soup. 1927, Mrs. Yu visited the West Lake to enjoy osmanthus. On her way home, she tasted the "great soup" at Shi Jia Hotel. After dinner, I improvised a poem: "Old osmanthus blossoms all over the world, fragrant flowers swim around Taihu Lake, and it is still unforgettable to return to the boat." Thank you for the Shi Jia (Fish Market) soup. Someone analyzed (fish market) soup. So Shaanxi people didn't know much about "Wu Nong Ruan Yu" and wrote it wrong. Later, because of his famous calligraphy and the charm of his poems, "fish market" soup replaced "stick soup", which has been passed down to this day and is a much-told story in the culinary world.
This is Yu Youren's "A Tour of Shanxi Village" (Lu You's Poem) written in the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932).
This cursive script in the running script occasionally makes the whole work calm and changeable, which is a technique that Yu Youren often used from his early years to his later years. The words "laugh, drink, stay, stress, ignorance, brightness, wind and night" in the works are all based on the grass method. This arrangement is not artificial, but a natural expression of his temperament. At this time, Yu Youren began to study cursive script, and in February 1932, 65438+ established the "standard cursive script society" in Shanghai, so it is not surprising that cursive script appeared in this work.