1. What are the classic works in classical Chinese?
"Compendium of Materia Medica" was compiled by Li Shizhen, a great medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. It has a total of sixteen volumes and fifty-two volumes. There are 1,892 kinds of medicines, and there are more than 1,100 pictures of medicines in the book. This medical work took Li Shizhen about 27 years to compile. During the compilation process, Li Shizhen and his disciples visited various parts of China to visit doctors and collect medicines and specimens. This book includes the grass part, the wood part, the earth part, the fire part, the grain part, the fruit part, the scale part, the animal part, the poultry part, the insect part, the medium part, the vegetable part, the human part, and the gold and stone part. In addition to medicine, it also involves many scientific fields such as pharmacology, biology, mineralogy, chemistry, environment and biology, heredity and variation, etc. This work introduces the names, properties, growth environments and regions of many plants.
"Gui Guzi" is a work by Gui Guzi, a strategist during the Warring States Period. Guiguzi, whose surname was Wang Xu, also known as Wang Chan, and whose nickname was Xuanweizi, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period. Gui Guzi is the originator of political strategists and a famous representative of military strategists. He has a thorough understanding of the world and is proficient in several talents. Guiguzi was so powerful, and his disciples were also extraordinary. Among the military strategists were Sun Bin and Pang Juan. Strategists include Su Qin, Zhang Yi, etc. These people are all people who are astonishing in their own environment.
"The Classic of Mountains and Seas" is a strange book from China's pre-Qin period. It is the oldest book rich in myths and legends. It mainly describes ancient geography, products, myths, witchcraft, religion, etc., and also includes ancient history, medicine, folk customs, ethnicity, etc. "The Book of Mountains and Seas" records some strange events in the form of stories, about which there is still great controversy. The most representative myths and fables include Kuafu chasing the sun, Nuwa mending the sky, Jingwei filling the sea, Gun and Yu controlling the floods, etc.
"Shishuoxinyu" is a notebook novel produced during the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty of China, which mainly records the anecdotes of people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was compiled by a group of literati organized by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasty. The book is divided into thirty-six categories such as virtue, speech, political affairs, literature, integrity, and magnanimity. There are more than 1,200 stories in the book, mainly stories about characters' comments and speeches. "Shishuoxinyu" describes the main characters of the Wei and Jin dynasties as its theme. The description of the characters in this book is perfect in terms of appearance, knowledge, and psychology. The unique personality of each character is written through speech and behavior.
"Weilu Night Talk" is a popular Confucian reading and is a famous literary criticism work in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This book begins with a conversation about the author's life around the stove. Evaluate and discuss the anecdotes, people, events, articles, etc. in the literary world at that time and in the past. The language of this book is friendly, natural and easy to read, and it occupies an important position in the history of literature because of its unique insights. "Wailu Night Talk" is divided into 221 chapters, with the general topic of "settling down and establishing a career", and reveals the ten aspects of "establishing virtue, establishing merit, and establishing reputation" from ten aspects such as morality, self-cultivation, reading, living in poverty and living happily, educating children, loyalty, filial piety, and diligence and thrift. All are based on the profound meaning of "establishing a career".
2. In classical Chinese, those words that can refer to books
In addition to bamboo slips and wooden tablets, other names for books include
"Northern History· "The Biography of Li Xiaobo": "If a husband has thousands of books, why should he pretend to have a hundred cities in the south?" A man who is rich in books is said to have "a hundred cities."
The field of books is a metaphor for studying, so books are also called "fields of books". From "Wang Mai's Poem of Sending Off His Nephew to Return to Zhangpu after Thousands of Miles": "I hope that my son will continue from now on and sow the fields of books diligently."
Jing Jing Jing, Jing Shu, generally refers to the most important and instructive books. works; 祥, a box for holding books. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Wenyuan Zhuan·Bian Yun": "When the abdomen is defecation, the Five Classics are on the shelf; but when you want to sleep, you think about the classics." Later generations used "the classics" to mean that there are many good books, and "abdomen" to refer to erudition.
Ten Thousand Volumes Du Fu's "Twenty-Two Rhymes from Wei Zuocheng": "Reading more than ten thousand volumes, writing is like a spirit." Later generations used "ten thousand volumes" to refer to an astonishing number of books.
Thousand Bells of Millet, House of Gold, Yan Ruyu Song Zhenzong’s "Essay on Encouraging Learning": "Read, read, there is a thousand bells of millet in the book; read, read, there is a house of gold in the book; read, read, read "Books have their own beauty, like jade." It was often used to refer to books in the feudal era.
Five carts use five carts to carry books, which is a metaphor for the large number of books. The saying comes from "Zhuangzi·Tianxia": "Benefit from many directions, and the books are in five carts."
Liu Zongyuan's "Lu Wentong" is full of books. "Mr. Tomb Table": "They are filled with books everywhere, and cows and horses are sweating when they come out." It describes the collection of books, which are piled up in the house and filled between the pillars. When transporting, the cows and horses are loaded, and the cows and horses sweat profusely. Later generations used the words "sweating niu", "Chongdong" or "sweating niu filling the building" to refer to the extremely rich collection of books. 3. Please introduce books such as classical Chinese, thank you
Ancient Chinese reading generally uses the Twenty-Four Histories, specifically including the twenty-four official histories of ancient my country. Namely: "Historical Records" (Han Dynasty, Sima Qian), "Han Shu" (Han Dynasty, Ban Gu), "Later Han Shu" (Southern Song Dynasty, Fan Ye), "Three Kingdoms" (Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou), "Jin Shu" (Tang Dynasty, Tang Dynasty) Fang Xuanling, etc.), "Song Book" (Shen Yue of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty), "Shu of Nan Qi" (Xiao Zixian of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty), "Book of Liang" (Yao Silian of Tang Dynasty), "Shu of Chen" (Yao Silian of Tang Dynasty), "Book of Wei" (Northern Qi, Wei Shou), "Book of Northern Qi" (Tang, Li Baiyao), "Book of Zhou" (Tang, Linghu Defen, etc.), "Sui Shu" (Tang, Wei Zheng, etc.), "Southern History" "(Tang Dynasty·Li Yanshou), "Northern History" (Tang Dynasty·Li Yanshou), "Old Tang Book" (Later Jin Dynasty·Liu Yu, etc.), "New Tang Book" (Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi), "Old History of the Five Dynasties" "(Xue Juzheng of the Song Dynasty, etc.), "New History of the Five Dynasties" (Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty), "History of the Song Dynasty" (Tuotuo of the Yuan Dynasty, etc.), "History of the Liao" (Tuotuo of the Yuan Dynasty, etc.), "History of the Jin" (Tuotuo of the Yuan Dynasty, etc.) Tuotuo, etc.), "History of the Yuan Dynasty" (Ming Dynasty, Song Lian, etc.), "History of the Ming Dynasty" (Qing Dynasty, Zhang Tingyu, etc.).
The Twenty-Four Histories is a classic of China. Many high school and college entrance examinations are taken from it. Moreover, these books are rich in ideological content, which is especially helpful for learning ancient Chinese. If you think you can, I recommend you to read some ancient travel notes, ancient biographies, etc., which will be of great help.
Finally, I wish you good progress in your studies, come on! 4. The meaning of book in classical Chinese
1. Write.
"Chen She Family": "Nai Dan written on silk said 'King Chen Sheng'."
Translation: So he wrote "King Chen Sheng" on the silk strip with cinnabar.
2. Record.
"Miscellaneous Notes from Prison": "I felt deeply about it, and heard about it in Du Jun's words. Everyone agreed, so I wrote it down."
Translation: I was moved after listening to it. , I once asked others about Du Jun’s words. As a result, everyone said the same thing, so I decided to record it.
3. Document; official document.
"Mulan Poems": "Twelve volumes of military books, each with my father's name."
Translation: There are so many volumes of military recruitment documents, and each volume has my father's name.
4. Calligraphy.
"Mo Chi Ji": "Xi Zhi admired Zhang Zhi and went to the pond to study calligraphy. The water in the pond was completely black."
Translation: (Jin Dynasty) Wang Xizhi admired (Han) Zhang Zhi very much. (calligraphy).
5. Letter. "Spring Hope": "The war continues for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand taels of gold."
Translation: The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year. Letters from home are rare, and one letter is worth ten thousand taels of gold.
Extended information:
Shuowen Jiezi:
Classical Chinese version of "Shuowen Jiezi": book, chopsticks. From Yu, the sound.
The vernacular version of "Shuowen Jiezi": written with bamboo and chopsticks as pens. The glyph uses "迿" as the side part and "Zhe" as the side part.
Related vocabulary explanations:
1. Endorse [bèi shū]
Recite the book you have read: In the past, you had to recite the book every morning when you went to private school, but you could not recite the book. To be punished.
2. Reading [dú shū]
Looking at a book and reading aloud or silently: the sound of endorsement.
3. Series [cóng shū]
According to certain purposes and objects of use, several types of books are selected and compiled together and published under a general name. There are comprehensive ones, as well as specialist or thematic ones.
4. Historical books [shǐ shū]
Books that record history.
5. Desk [shū zhuō]
A table for reading and writing.