Moumei
Author: Wang Mian
The tree at the head of the pond where I wash inkstones has flowers blooming with faint ink marks.
Don’t let anyone praise you for the good color, just leave the pure energy to fill the universe.
Washing Inkstone Pool It is said that Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, came to the pool to study calligraphy and frequently washed his brushes and inkstones, and the water in the pool turned dark. There are ruins of inkstone washing pools at the foot of Kuaiji Mountain in Zhejiang and Linchuan in Jiangxi. Legend has it that they were both places where Wang Xizhi washed inkstones. The author is a famous painter who uses light ink to paint plum blossoms elegantly. Because he has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, he calls it "my family", which is a metaphor for his skill.
Notes:
[Ink Plum] Plum blossoms painted with ink alone. [Chitou] Poolside. [Inkstone washing pond (y4n)] A pond for washing brushes and inkstones. [Light ink mark] A light black mark, referring to the color of the flower. [Qingqi] A refreshing smell. [Qian (qi2n) Kun (kamp; n)] refers to heaven and earth.
Poetic:
This painting is about a tree next to the inkstone washing pond in my house. Each plum blossom shows a faint black color, without bright colors. I don't need others to praise how beautiful its color is, as long as it leaves a light fragrance between heaven and earth.
One "light" and one "full" show personality
——Appreciation of "Mo Mei"
Plum blossoms bloom in the cold season when thousands of flowers wither. She is proud of ice and snow. She has the fairy appearance of clear skin and jade bones, and can announce spring before the flowers. The more cold the weather, the more fragrant her fragrance will be. Therefore, ancient people often regarded her as a symbol of strong character and noble integrity. The plum blossoms in this lesson refer to plum blossoms painted only with ink and no color. They look very elegant and generous. The author of this poem, Wang Mian, was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty and is known as the "Master of Plum Painting". This is a poem in which the author himself praises the plum blossoms he painted. The plum blossoms described in the poem are strong, fragrant and outstanding.
When the ancients wrote poems, they paid attention to word refinement. The plum blossoms in the poem (also in the painting) grow beside the pond where the author washes his brushes and inkstones every day, and the blooming plum blossoms all show faint traces of ink. The first and second sentences use line drawing to describe the shape of plum blossoms. The word "light" not only expresses the technique of painting plum blossoms, but also depicts the plum blossoms' simple and elegant character, which stands proudly in the severe cold. It is refreshing.
Looking at the last sentence again, why does the poet particularly like to paint plum blossoms with light ink without color? It turned out that he didn't care about those vulgar people praising the beautiful color of the plum blossoms. He just wanted to keep the fresh fragrance filling the world between heaven and earth. The word "full" not only expresses the fullness and excitement of the plum fragrance vividly, but also makes the poet's personality charm shine and shine extraordinarily! This kind of unconventional and proud integrity is exactly what Wang Mian is as a poet. This method of expression that does not pursue the superficial and beautiful appearance but loves the spirit of plum blossoms is the ingenuity of Wang Mian as a painter.
"The painting of plum blossoms must have the spirit and bones of plum blossoms, and people are as clear as plum blossoms." This is how people praised Wang Mian. Wang Mian in reality is just like the plum blossoms in his works, unyielding and self-admiring. It is said that Wang Mian was very good at painting. The local magistrate and a powerful rich man admired his name, and wanted to see him several times but were rejected. Finally, when the magistrate went to the countryside to see him in person, he hid quickly after hearing the news and asked the magistrate again. The official was rejected. Therefore, the poem "Dark Plum Blossoms" not only reflects the style of the plum blossoms he painted, but also reflects the author's noble taste and indifference to fame and fortune. It clearly shows his steadfastness and purity of ethics in not flattering the world.
In this poem, one "light" and one "full" fully show the personality. On the one hand, the plump plum blossoms and the poet's proud image appear vividly on the paper; on the other hand, it makes people feel the fragrance of calligraphy. The fragrance of plum blossoms seems to come to your face! In this way, "poetry style", "painting style" and personality are cleverly integrated together!
The new bamboo branches are higher than the old bamboo branches, all because of the support of the old branches. There will be another new born next year, the ten-foot-long grandson Raofengchi.
——"Hsinchu" by Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty
[Interpretation] It is a metaphor that the young are better than the old, and the growth of new forces requires the active support of the older generation. Longsun: Another name for bamboo shoots. Fengchi: Fengchi refers to the location of the Prime Minister's Yamen in ancient times. Here it refers to the pond with bamboo growing around it.
Inscribed on Nanzhuang of the Capital City
Cui Hu
On this day last year, in this gate, the faces of the people and the peach blossoms reflected each other's red.
Where is the human face now? The peach blossoms still laugh at the spring breeze.
Cui Hu, a native of Boling (the county is located in today's Dingxian County, Hebei Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was named Yin Gong, was a Jinshi of Zhenyuan, and was the governor of Guanlingnan.
This seven-character quatrain written by Cui Hu is simple in words, straightforward and natural in language, clear and fluent. It has been recited by future generations for hundreds of years. Use allusions and idioms. Speaking of this little poem, there is also a legendary skill, which is recorded in "Tang Poetry Chronicles" and "Ben Shi Shi". "Chronicles of Tang Poems" contains the story of this poem: "I failed to protect Jinshi. I traveled alone to the south of the capital during the Qingming Dynasty. I found a village with abundant flowers and trees. I kept knocking on the door for a long time, and a woman asked him through the door. He said to me: 'Walking alone in search of spring. , thirsty for wine. The woman opened the gate and stood alone leaning against Xiaotao Xieke. Cui walked to the door and never came back. On the Qingming Festival, I went to look for it. The door was the same as before, but it was locked. The poem "In this door last year" was written on the left door.
The authenticity of the "capability" recorded in "Chronicles of Tang Poems" and "Poems of Benshi" is highly questionable. It is possible that the poems were first invented and then used to create the above-mentioned "skills". But regardless of whether this "ability" is true or not, two things seem to be certain, that is, this poem has a plot, and second, this "ability" is helpful to understand the poem.
This poem by Cui Hu writes about the feelings of the past and the present. The four sentences contain a scene in which two objects, one in front and one behind, are separated by people but rely on each other and set off each other.
The feeling of the past and the present in the poem is caused by the memory of a beautiful and affectionate girl who was as beautiful as a peach blossom after first seeing and drifting away from it. Thinking about the past from the present, using the technique of narration, first Writing "last year" triggered the first scene: a romantic encounter - "On this day last year, in this door, people's faces and peach blossoms reflected each other's beauty." "Last year" and "this door" point out the time and place, which is very interesting. Affirmation, no ambiguity, which shows the depth of recognition and the accuracy of memory. At that time, the spring breeze was blowing and the peach blossoms were in full bloom "in this door". There stood a beautiful girl, whose face reflected the peach blossoms, which was really beautiful. Here the poet did not directly describe the beauty of peach blossoms and women, but captured the most beautiful and moving scene in the whole process of "Looking for Spring and Encountering Beauty", and only used the three words "Xiangyinghong" to describe the flower of human face. The beautiful scene of lights reflecting each other, setting off each other and competing for victory is vividly outlined. "The peach blossoms on the human face reflect each other's red" not only sets a beautiful background for the peach blossom-like "human face", setting off the girl's radiant face, but also implicitly expresses the poet's enchanting and emotional situation and the relationship between the two parties. A scene full of emotion and without words. Through this touching scene, it inspires readers to have many beautiful imaginations about the events before and after, leaving readers with a broad space for imagination.
The use of flowers as a metaphor for beauties has been used throughout the ages and has become a common practice. But the poem has several differences. First, the poet does not directly describe how gorgeous the peach blossoms are and how beautiful the girl is. Instead, he only uses the gorgeous peach blossoms that everyone is familiar with as a backdrop. "Xiangyinghong" indirectly enhances the beautiful image of the girl and blends the scenery and the people together; secondly, this poem describes the actual scene in front of you, as the saying goes, "local scenery can be easily taken."
At this point, the poet could have continued writing about the scene of his travels "last year", but he did not. Instead, he changed his pen and went directly to "today". So the second scene was sketched out: re-finding and missing. It's the same "today" and the same "this door", but the beautiful girl has gone. It is still the season of brilliant spring and beautiful fragrances, and it is still the doorway covered with sparse flowers and trees, and peach blossoms. However, the beautiful "human face" that "matches the red" with the peach blossoms that adds luster to all this is unknown. "Gone", only one peach blossom tree is still smiling affectionately in the spring breeze. The peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze, which further evokes the poet's yearning and pity for "last year" when "the peach blossoms on the human face reflected each other's red", making the poet feel extremely disappointed and melancholy when he revisited his hometown.
Just imagine, last year on this day, the girl who met by chance stood under the peach blossom tree, gazing and smiling, tender and affectionate, matching the peach blossoms; now, people have gone, the peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze, which not only brings back beautiful memories and good scenes of the past. Besides occasional emotion, what else can there be? The word "still" implies the poet's infinite disappointment, regret and melancholy.
Looking at the whole poem, the first two sentences are from now to the past, and the last two sentences are from the past to the present. Despite the drastic changes in mood, the style remains consistent and the transitions are seamless. The language of the whole poem is simple, straightforward and natural, and the story is clear and fluent. In terms of writing techniques, "reflection and contrast" is mainly used, using "human faces" and "peach blossoms" as running clues. Through the reflection and contrast of "last year" and "today", people in the same place go to the scene at the same time, the two different travels are combined. The emotions arising from encounters and encounters are expressed in full circle and twists and turns. Contrast and reflection play an extremely important role in this poem. Because we are writing about the lost beautiful things in the memories facing reality, the memories are particularly precious, beautiful, and full of emotions. This is the vivid depiction of "human faces and peach blossoms complementing each other"; it is precisely because of such beautiful memories that I especially feel the sadness of losing beautiful things, so I have the emotion of "Where are the human faces now, but the peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze".
Although this poem has a certain plot and even some dramatic color, as well as a legendary "skill" record, it is widely recited. In addition to these In addition to the language, structure, and writing techniques mentioned above, the author believes that the certain life experience expressed by the poem itself is the most important aspect. "Capability" may have contributed to its widespread circulation, but the typical significance of the poem to readers is not that it describes an interesting story. Readers may not have had stories or encounters similar to those contained in "The Story", but they may have had similar life experiences, that is, encountering something beautiful by chance or inadvertently, and when they pursue it intentionally When it is, it can never be regained. This may be one of the main reasons why this poem has maintained enduring artistic vitality for hundreds of years.
Appreciation of Wei Yingwu's "Chuzhou West Stream"
Only pity grows beside the secluded grassy stream, with orioles singing in the deep trees.
The spring tide brings rain late and comes quickly, and there is no boat crossing the wild river.
Appreciation
This is a famous landscape poem and one of Wei Yingwu's representative works. The poem was written in the second year of Jianzhong (781) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty when the poet was serving as the governor of Chuzhou. The administrative seat of Chuzhou in the Tang Dynasty is now Chuxian County, Anhui Province. Xijian is located in the western suburbs of Chuzhou City. This poem describes what I saw during a spring outing to the West Stream to enjoy the scenery and a late rainy crossing. The poet describes the scenery with emotion, uses the scenery to describe his thoughts, writes about the scenery he likes and dislikes, and talks about the love affairs he likes and dislikes, and his tranquility and sadness are naturally revealed. However, whether there is sustenance in the poem and what the sustenance means has always been debated endlessly. Some people think that it is a metaphor for "the gentleman is at the bottom and the villain is at the top"; some people think that "this incidentally describes the scenery of the Western Stream, and there is no need to have any other meaning." In fact, each has his own bias.
In the first two sentences of the poem, in the prosperous scenery of spring, the poet only loves the lonely grass beside the stream, but he has no intention of paying attention to the alluring orioles singing in the deep trees, and ignores them. , for comparison. When the grass is in poverty and the oriole lives in high beauty, it is a metaphor for the world of officials. The meaning is obvious and clearly reveals the poet's tranquil mind. In the last two sentences, the late tide and the spring rain make the water stronger. As for the suburban ferry, there were not many pedestrians at first, but now there are even fewer people. Therefore, even the boatman was gone, and only the empty ferry boat floated leisurely and indifferently. The water was fast and the boat was crossing, but because the ferry was in the countryside, no one cared about it. If we are at the key point, the tide will rise during the rain in the evening, which is when the ferry is in great use, and we will not be able to berth leisurely. Therefore, in this leisurely scene of rushing water and boats, there is a helpless and sad feeling that is out of place and useless. In the first and last two sentences, the poet uses contrasting techniques and emphasizes it with eye-catching words such as "pity alone", "urgent" and "horizontal", which should be said to be thought-provoking.
From this point of view, this poem has sustenance. But why does the poet have such sustenance?
In the early mid-Tang Dynasty, Wei Yingwu was a clean poet and a good official who cared about the people's livelihood.
During his career as an official, he was "suffering from illness and longing for the fields, and he was in exile and felt ashamed of his salary" ("Send to Li Dan and Yuan Xi"), and he was often in the contradiction of becoming an official and retiring. He was worried about the political corruption of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, felt guilty because the people lived in poverty, wanted to reform but was unable to do so, and wanted to go into seclusion but couldn't. He was in a dilemma, so he had no choice but to neither advance nor retreat, and let nature take its course. Zhuangzi said: "Those who are skillful work hard, but those who know are worried; those who are incompetent have nothing to ask for, and they travel when they are full. It is like a boat without a tie, and it is empty and travels." ("Zhuangzi. List of Imperial Bandits") Wei Yingwu understood this well. He once made it clear that he was "a boat with the same mind but not in the same boat" ("Since Gong Luo's boat sailed into the Yellow River, he immediately sent it to his colleagues in the county and county"). He said that although he had the worries of knowing people, he felt ashamed of his incompetence, so being an official was like traveling. , leisurely doing nothing. In fact, "Chuzhou West Stream" expresses such a contradictory and helpless situation and mood. I want to go into seclusion, so I only pity the secluded grass; doing nothing is just like a boat crossing a river in a hurry. Therefore, the poem reveals a tranquil mind and sad feelings.
It is true to say that there is interest in sending it, but it boils down to ridiculing "the gentleman is at the bottom and the villain is at the top", which is also rigid; saying that the scenery is accidental and has no sustenance, it separates the poem and the person, and flows. It is superficial and inconsistent with the poet's original intention. Therefore, it is good to appreciate wonders and analyze doubts, and to know others well.
Evening Scene on the Spring River in Hui Chong (two poems)
Su Shi [famous line] The prophet of ducks with warm water in the spring river
[Original text] Three or two branches of peach blossoms outside the bamboo, ducks with warm water in the spring river Prophet: The ground is covered with wilting grass and the reed buds are short, it is the time when the pufferfish is about to come.
The two returning Hong want to break away from the group, but Yiyi still returns from the north; I know from afar that Shuo Desert is full of wind and snow, and I am waiting for the half-moon spring in the south of the Yangtze River.
[Appreciation] Winter has passed and spring has arrived. When the water in the Spring River warms up, the ducks playing in the river are the first to predict it.
As soon as spring comes, the earth returns to spring, ducks play in the water, and the scenery is the most peaceful and beautiful.
The original poem is an inscription on a painting, and it says that ducks near the water are the first to know the news of spring. We say that every time a new situation or news is known to some relevant people first, we call it "Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet".
Autumn Eve
Du Mu
The cold autumn light of silver candles paints the screen, and the small light fan flutters at the flowing fireflies.
The sky is as cold as water at night, and I sit and watch Altair and Vega.
This poem describes the lonely life and desolate mood of a frustrated palace maid.
The first two sentences have already painted a picture of life in the deep palace. On an autumn night, the white candles gave off a faint light, adding a dark and cold tone to the pictures on the screen. At this time, a lonely palace maid was beating the flying fireflies with a small fan. "The light Luo fan blows at the flowing fireflies" is a very implicit sentence, which contains three meanings: First, the ancients said that rotting grass turns into fireflies. Although it is unscientific, fireflies always grow in those desolate places among the grass and graves. Nowadays, there are fireflies flying in the courtyard where the palace ladies live. One can imagine the desolation of the palace ladies' life. Secondly, from the action of the palace maid fluttering at the firefly, we can imagine her loneliness and boredom. She had nothing to do but spend her lonely years flapping fireflies. She slapped Liu Ying with a small fan, one after another, as if she wanted to drive away the loneliness and loneliness that surrounded her, but what was the use? Thirdly, the small Qingluo fan held by the palace maid has symbolic meaning. The fan was originally used to blow the wind to keep cool in the summer, but is useless in the autumn. Therefore, the autumn fan is often used as a metaphor for an abandoned wife in ancient poems. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the imperial concubine of the Han Dynasty, was scorned by Zhao Feiyan. After she fell out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Song of Resentment": "The newly cracked Qi Wan Su is as bright as frost and snow. It is cut into an acacia fan, and the clusters are like the bright moon." When entering and exiting your arms, the breeze blows. I am often afraid that when the autumn festival comes, the coolness will overwhelm the heat. I will leave the basket behind and the kindness will be lost." This theory may not be credible, but later on, the round fan and autumn fan often appear in poems. Associated with a woman who has fallen out of favor. For example, Wang Changling's "Chang Xin Qiu Ci": "The golden palace is opened in the Ming Dynasty, and the round fan is wandering around", and Wang Jian's "Palace Funny": "The round fan, the round fan, the beautiful woman comes to cover her face with illness", this is the case. The "light and small fan" in Du Mu's poem also symbolizes the fate of the palace maid holding the fan being abandoned.
The third sentence, "The sky is as cold as water at night." "Heaven Steps" refers to the stone steps in the palace. "The night is as cold as water" implies that the night is deep and chilly, and it's time to go inside and sleep. But the palace maid was still sitting on the stone steps, looking up at Altair and Vega on both sides of the Milky Way.
According to folklore, the Weaver Girl was the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven, who married a morning cow. She crossed the river to meet him once every year on Chinese Valentine's Day, with a magpie as a bridge. The "Far Altair" in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" of the Han Dynasty is about their story. The palace maid looked at the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl for a long time, and she still didn't want to sleep late at night. This was because the story of the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl touched her heart, reminded her of her unfortunate life experience, and also made her yearn for true love. It can be said that all my thoughts are in looking up at him.
Mei Shengyu said: "You must be able to describe the scene that is difficult to describe as it is now, with endless opinions behind the words, and then it will be complete." (See "Sixty-one Poetry Talks") These two sentences These words can just illustrate the artistic characteristics of this poem. One or three sentences describe the scenery, presenting the scenery of the deep palace on an autumn night very realistically before the readers' eyes. The word "cold" is used as an adjective as a verb, and it is very atmospheric. The metaphor "cool as water" not only has a sense of color, but also a sense of temperature. The second and fourth sentences describe palace maids, which are subtle and intriguing. Although there is no lyrical word in the poem, the complex emotions of the palace maid intertwined with sorrow and expectation are revealed, which reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from one side.