Does the word "he" come first, or does it have a surname first? Is there any internal connection between the word "he" and his surname? According to relevant historical records, the word "He" appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the oldest writing in China, long before the surname He. In China's dictionaries, dictionaries, calligraphy works and other ancient books, the word "He" has at least 20 ways of writing and dozens of meanings. The word "He" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is written in the shape of a person with Agger on his shoulder. The word "He" appears frequently in the works of pre-Qin philosophers. Only in the five works of The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Zhuangzi, Mozi and Laozi, the word "He" has appeared dozens of times, not once, and none of its meaning has anything to do with surnames.
The oldest dictionary in China, Shuo Wen Jie Zi written by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, explains the word "He" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in this way: "He, are you kidding? From people, you can sound. " "Cloud" and "eaves" are interlinked, and the simplified word is "bear". It can be seen that the original meaning of the word "he" should be "burden", "burden" and "commitment", which has no internal relationship with the surname.
He comes from the Han surname.
How did he come from, and how did his surname come from? This is a problem that many, many future generations care about. Experts and scholars generally believe that Ho appeared after Qin Shihuang unified China, and there were many reasons for his surname. To sum up, there are mainly the following points:
1, He surname is a misunderstanding of the word "Han".
He surname appeared after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, and the process of obtaining the surname was very special and accidental. This should start with South Korea, one of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period.
Sima Qian's Historical Records of Han surname records: "The ancestor of Han surname came from the royal family and Ji surname in the Western Zhou Dynasty." The Zhou royal family belongs to the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, so many lineages of He family are traced back to the Yellow Emperor.
According to historical records, Han Wan, the descendant of Xi's younger brother, was enfeoffed in Hanyuan (now Fenshui, Hejin and the north of Jishan) to serve the State of Jin. Han Wan, known by the world as "Han Wuzi", was originally not surnamed Han, and was named Han because of his fief. Han Jue, surnamed Han, is the third grandson of Han Wuzi. According to the conferment of the Zhou Dynasty, he and his descendants were the real Chinese surnames from the moment he died. Han Biao is a man with great political and military talents. Han Jue is both the ancestor of Han surname and He surname.
The reason why Han Biao was listed as the ancestor is because Sima Qian made it clear at the beginning of Han Shi Ji that since Han Biao, his surname has been Han. Secondly, Han Jue's contribution as the founder of the revitalization and development of North Korea is indelible because he gradually got his surname after the demise of North Korea.
After the Han Jue, the power became stronger and stronger. Defeat Qi, unite Zhao, Wei and Zhi to eliminate Fan and BOC; Then, together with Wei and Zhao, they defeated the branch and divided their land into three parts, and Korea's power reached its peak, thus forming a situation in which Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin. In the 13th year of Jin Lie's reign, that is, in the 6th year of Han and Hou Jing (the first 403 years), the Korean history underwent epoch-making changes. This year, Han, Zhao and Wei carved up the State of Jin. In 375 BC, the tenth generation of Han Jue's descendants, Ai Hou, was in power, and South Korea destroyed Zheng in one fell swoop, thus ending Zheng's 430-year history.
In 230 BC, in the ninth year of Wang Han's reign, great changes took place in the internal and external environment of North Korea. The dispute between Yan Zhongzi and Guo Xiang Xia Lei led to the infighting of Nie Zheng's assassination of Xia Lei. Externally, after the political reform, the Qin state became more and more powerful, constantly attacking cities and plundering land, and the situation in neighboring countries and South Korea became worse and worse. Also in this year, the Qin Dynasty sent Nestor to attack North Korea on a large scale, Wang Han 'an was captured and South Korea perished.
After the demise of South Korea, children and grandchildren drifted around and scattered in all directions, either to avoid vendetta and war, or to be ashamed of national subjugation, or to rally, revive mountains and rivers and start a foundation. However, due to the limitations of geography, traffic conditions and production and living standards, most of the descendants of the Han nationality are scattered in the Jianghuai area. Due to the homonym of "Han" and "He" in Jianghuai area, and the sound changes in ancient places, with the historical changes and social development, people gradually read "Han" as "He".
This is a way of saying that he has a surname.
"Shuangkeng Genealogy" holds that Han is afraid of the tyranny of Qin Shihuang. "Why change to Korea?"
However, whether it is "wrong thinking" or "fear of Qin", the He family transformed from the Han family has been constantly multiplying and growing. At present, most Ho families at home and abroad are descendants of this family.
He was born in the Korean family, which was also proved in ancient books:
The Collection of Yuanhe Surnames in the Tang Dynasty said: "My brother was born in his grandson, destroyed by Qin, and his descendants were scattered between Jianghuai, so he took Han as his surname."
The genealogy of the Complete Works of Han Changli's Literature records: "Han's family came from Ji's surname, and later became a doctor of Jin, taking food from North Korea, so his surname was Han. Later, he was divided into Jin with Zhao Wei and became a vassal, known as Zhao Houqian. It spread to Xiangwangcang, and the country was destroyed in Qin. Cang Shaozi was born with faith. In the Han Dynasty, he was named King of Korea, with a high bow at birth, and was named a descendant of Sun Xun. In the later Han Dynasty, he was the prefect of Longxi and was born a scholar. Later, he moved to Wu 'an, which was the beginning of the Han family in Hebei. "
The ancient document "A Study on the Origin of He Family in Susong, Anhui Province" records the process of He's lucky surname and the glorious lineage he traced back to:
He was originally from Korea, and Zhou Tong was surnamed Ji. Later, when the Miao people arrived in Jin, they sealed it in the same place, saying that Han Wuzi was for Han. Ten thousand people are born with Bo, Bo is born with Bo, Bo is born with Yu, and Yu is born with Jue. After Gai Wuzi III, there was a Han Jue named Han. Jin was the sixth Qing Dynasty, while Han Jue was in the position of the first Qing Dynasty. Xian Zi gave birth to Zi Xuan, Zi Xuan gave birth to Zhen Zi, Zhen Zi gave birth to Jian Zi, Jian Zi gave birth to Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi gave birth to Kang Zi, Kang Zi gave birth to Wu Zi, and Wu Zi gave birth to Jingzi. They are all listed as princes on the same footing as Zhao and Wei, which is for preparation.
Hou Jing gave birth to Liehou, Liehou gave birth to Hou Wen, Hou Wensheng gave birth to Ai Hou, Ai Hou gave birth to Hou Yi, Hou Yi gave birth to Zhao Hou, and Zhao Hou gave birth to Xuan Huihou before he became king.
Xuansheng, gave birth to Wang, Wang Shenghuan, and Huan gave birth to Wang An. During his five years in office, he gave birth to two sons: Changle Cheng and the second son, both of whom were destroyed by Qin.
In the twelfth year of Qin Shihuang, in order to avoid civil unrest, two sons, Long and Ran, were born. The dragon hid a man with his father and gave birth to another son. Every time he laments that his family is poor, he has the ambition to stand on his own feet. Unfortunately, he died young and gave birth to a son. It is believed that Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty was sealed in four years and eight years, which led to the closure of the county magistrate. Wendi was promoted to riding a captain and later demoted to Hedong Prefecture. Rebecca's daughter, Mrs. Fengdu, gave birth to two sons: Chang Yue? For the second time, Shu followed Lujiang to avoid his father's revenge, so he named Lujiang a famous county.
When the ancestors took refuge, they took refuge on the ship. Every official had to pay tribute to the surname of Gong when boarding the ship, and he replied with reference to the river: The surname must be human, so why not go with the water?
When running around, I panicked when I was questioned. I have a close relationship with Han and Yin. Why do I blame Han wrongly? Then what's my last name? Jiang is a surname and why it is wrong in Korea. Although he is free to answer because of avoiding chaos, what he thinks is actually from South Korea, which is also the origin of the surname.
According to the above literature, the change of Han surname to He surname was after Emperor Wendi.
Many scholars don't agree with the statement of susong county's literature about He surname. In their view, the ancestor of the surname change should be the Korean descendant when Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, not the eldest son of Han Xin, the satrap of Hedong in the Han Dynasty.
Professor He Yongren, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province, pointed out: "... our ancestors were the protagonists in the battle of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States. At that time, the nobles fought with each other. In the twenty-third year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC), Feng, Wei Si and Zhao were governors, which were outstanding figures among his ancestors. Unfortunately, during this period, after Su Qin's policy of combining Qin and rejecting Qin failed, Zhang Yi was fooled by Qin's Lian Heng policy. From 22 1 year BC, the six countries were all destroyed by Qin, and our Korea was destroyed in the seventeenth year of Qin Shihuang (230 BC). "
There is a complete story about the origin of He surname. According to legend, after South Korea's national subjugation, the prince of South Korea fled to Lujiang, Anhui Province, where he made a boating ferry. Later, when Qin Shihuang was on patrol, he met an assassin in Bolangsha. He suspected that he was the son of the six countries, so he ordered a search for the nobles of the six countries and prepared to catch them all. Qin Li sneaked to the river to see Han Gongzi and asked his name. When the weather was cold, Han Gongzi pointed to the river and casually replied, "surnamed Han", which means a metaphor for Han people. Qin Li heard that his surname was He, so he went. Later, when Han Gongzi learned that the visitor was a secret agent of the imperial court, he was horrified and sighed: "Isn't this God's will to save me!" So I simply took "He" as my surname. Later, I felt that my surname should be attached to Ding Kou, and it could not be flooded like a river, so I changed it according to the sound.
There are different opinions about the origin of He surname, but in any case, He surname is transformed from Han surname, and there is no dispute.
There is a saying in history that "Korea has been a family since ancient times". He and Han originally had the same surname, which is the understanding of all surname books and surname scholars after the Tang Dynasty. Yuan He's Compilation in the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Jiao's Genealogy in the Song Dynasty, Guang Yun's Genealogy Collection, Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames Books, Wan's Genealogy General Studies in the Ming Dynasty, and Ao's Yuan He's Compilation of Four Families are closely related to Cen, Sun Wang.
But who is the real ancestor of He?
The appearance of He surname was first seen in myths and legends. According to legend, Hou Yi was one of the five emperors, living in seclusion on Cangwu Mountain. Desiring to live forever, Emperor Yao gave him an elixir and asked him to put it in the wine. More than 300 people in the whole family drank endlessly and spilled the rest of the medicinal liquor on the courtyard. Suddenly, he saw the whole mansion rise from the ground and slowly rise into the clouds. He is a fairyland for men and women. He Hou became a stupid fairy. This is the earliest record about He Zu, from the Book of Surnames in the Song Dynasty. But this is a myth after all.
Since the surname He comes from the Han surname, the ancestor of the surname He should have been locked in the "great escape" of the China people after the demise of Korea.
According to the origin of He surname in susong county, Anhui Province, the ancestor of He surname is He Shu. However, there is also a saying that what is the ancestor of the surname. Although this version of the story is the same, the protagonist is not Han Shu, but Han Zhen.
According to "Biography of mian yang", "He Zuming Xuan is a descendant of an people in the later period of Korea. With noble character and talent, he was appointed as a public doctor and once took charge of state affairs with Han Fei. Because of his inconsistent attitude towards Qin, he had to retire from Hanyuan. Wang Han 'an robbed Qin, and the country was ruined. He and his wife live in Lujiang and take a boat as their business. Later, when Qin Shihuang went to Bolangsha, he was attacked and the search was unsuccessful. Suspected to be the son of the six countries, he ordered the whole country to make unannounced visits to the six countries in order to eradicate the roots and eliminate future troubles. Qin officials are all over the world, and residents' surnames are strictly investigated. One day, an official boarded Han Yun's boat and asked for his surname. It was very cold, and Han Yun called it "this is my family name". Shui Han is the symbol of North Korea. Han and Han are homophones and have no intention of hiding. The interviewer didn't realize that he was the last name, so he casually replied, but the interviewer believed it. Zhen was safe and sound, and was shocked to learn about the Qin tombs. Zhen sighed: Thanks to God, my family was spared the pain of knives and axes. " What is the name of worship, then what is the surname? "Han Yu then settled in Lujiang, worked hard for his career, studied hard, and was well-off.
Most descendants of He surname think that they are the ancestors of He surname, but some say that they are the ancestors of He surname.
2. What are the surnames of ethnic minorities?
He surname in Nine Surnames of Zhaowu. What was the surname of the minority areas in China during the Han and Tang Dynasties? During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Yueshi people established a comfortable regime in western China. They originally lived in Zhaowucheng in the north of Qilian Mountain, but were later defeated by Xiongnu, crossed the green hills in the west and established Guo Kang, which became stronger and stronger. The regimes of Mi, Shi, Cao, He, An, Xiao 'an, Nasebo, Wu Nanchang, Mu and so on in the Western Regions have successively joined in to show their memory. History is called "the nine surnames of Zhaowu", and "He" is one of them.
During the Southern Liang Dynasty and the late Sui Dynasty, there were several ancestors named He in the Western Regions: One was He Xihu, a native of the Western Regions in the Liang Dynasty, who went to Shu for business and settled in Pixian County (now Pixian County, Sichuan Province). He is the king of Wuling and knows about gold and silk, so he becomes very rich. His name is "Sichuan Everyone". The other is He Tuo, a native of Sui Dynasty, who is said to be the son of He Xihu. He is a talented person, lively and alert. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, he was tired of offering wine to officials and sons. He wrote anthologies such as Zhouyi and Little Jing Yi. The third is He Chou, who is the nephew of He Tuo, a native of Sui Dynasty. His name is Guilin, and he is very talented. He read a lot of classics, knew more about old things and made them skillfully. During the Liaodong War in Sui Dynasty, Yuwen Kai failed to build a bridge when crossing the river, but Hechou built a bridge and a temple in two days, which surprised the North Koreans.
Among the ethnic minorities in the Northern Dynasties, there was a man named He Wasa. His deeds were unknown, but his name was recorded in the History of the North.
Tu Guhun was one of the northern minorities in the Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, the special envoy He Jia stabbed the Central Plains and paid tribute to Tuguhun (448). Tuguhun was a dynasty established by Xianbei people in ancient China. Xianbei people first lived in Liaodong, moved to Yinshan in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and settled in northern Qinghai Province and southeastern Xinjiang in Jin Dynasty. In the era of Ye Yan, it was called mud spitting and mud bathing, and it was recorded in Northern History, Tongdian and Taiping Universe.
The Philippine Lujiang He Clan Association (1994 edition) records that there was a Xianbei chieftain named Tuhe Shegui in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. He had two sons, the eldest son "spits the bath spirit" and the youngest son "Ruo Mo Yu", both of whom had tribes. Later, when the brothers were at odds, Yu Tu's soul led his troops to the west, until his descendants delayed and became independent under the name of "Yu Tu's soul", that is, Yu Tu Hunguo.
According to the He family tree, it is a branch of He's ancestral home in Gyeongsangnam-do, North Korea, and its relatives and friends are distributed in Liaodong, China and North Korea. This may provide the main clues and ways for researching the origin and distribution of He.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a "River Chao Er Chi" in Shaanxi County, Ruzhou, Henan Province, which probably belonged to Mongolia.
He Heli, the general of the late Jin Dynasty, originally belonged to the Dong 'a tribe in the late Jin Dynasty, and his father and ancestors were the leaders of the Dong 'a tribe.
3. Change his surname to his surname.
There are several recorded cases of changing the surname "He":
First, Zhu changed his surname to He. "Five Elements" said: There was a man in the Western Han Dynasty named He Miao, whose real name was Zhu, who later called himself He, and his descendants multiplied and became He.
Second, Fang changed his surname. He surnamed Huang Tun, Lujiang, Anhui Province, descended from Fang Xiaoru in the Ming Dynasty. Because it is difficult to avoid home, he moved from Jiangxi to Anhui and changed his surname. However, it is stipulated in the genealogy that the surname of this branch will be given after death.
Third, Xu changed his surname. According to the genealogy of He Family in Puyang compiled by He Kekun in Qing Dynasty, He Yanshou, the ancestor of He Family, moved to Puyang from Taitai in the eighth year of Tang Dynasty. He was childless in the late Yuan Dynasty and the twentieth generation, so he was succeeded by his nephew Xu Zongfu. Before this genealogy, Zongfu was Xu's genealogy, and the other two genealogies of He in Qiushan, Puyang respected the Southern Song Dynasty or Xu Zongfu as one ancestor respectively.
Fourth, Chen changed his surname. He Shiquan, a scholar in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, was born in Xincheng, Shandong Province, and was the governor of the official assistant minister. The real name is Chen, and the seventh ancestor takes his uncle's surname. This surname source is a rare phenomenon.
The fifth is to change the surname collectively. In addition to Ji's surname He, another surname He originated from a foreign country and changed his surname. After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty entered Luoyang, he changed the name of Heba, a northwest high-speed car tribe who entered Luoyang with him. Their descendants settled in the Central Plains and became a noble family, which was called "He Family in Henan" in history.
The sixth is the compound surname. "Surname Spectrum" shows that the descendants of Huns in Han Dynasty, after returning to Han Dynasty, have He Nai surname and He Qian surname. There was a general in the Jin Dynasty named He Nai and Hu, who was a general under ieee fellow, a shepherd in Youzhou. There are also compound surnames such as He Ba, He Ju, He Lang, He Lu and He Qiu.
4. May I have your name?
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, someone was given the surname He. "Lanzhou County Records" contains: Suonan, the ambassador of Tubo Xuanwei in Yuan Dynasty, and Suoming, his son. In the Ming Dynasty, officials worshipped Hezhou Wei and knew each other, and Ming Taizu gave them their surnames. Heming was killed in the war between Liangzhou and Qiang people.