Gu Mei (16 19- 1664), a native of Shangyuan (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), was born beautifully. Qinhuai famous prostitute, later the concubine of Jinshi Gongdingzi in Chongzhen period (word), changed her surname to Xu, named Shancaijun and Meisheng, and called Mrs. Heng Bo. She is both talented and beautiful, good at poetry and painting, and familiar with melody. In particular, Moran, who is famous for painting orchids, is regarded as a unique figure, which is indistinguishable from Ma Shouzhen who is famous for painting orchids. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Geng's "Guo Chao Hua Ji" said: "Gong Mo Ran is independent of his own will and does not attack the law of the former dynasty." The paintings of ancient female painters, whether boudoir or prostitute, were not taken seriously. One of the reasons is that they lack enterprising spirit in their creation. It is rare that Gu Mei painted orchids without attacking his predecessors.
image ~/img 2006/0682 923 14 17688 10 . jpg。
There are eight schools in Nanjing and Jinling, taking Gong Xian as an example.
I. Including,, Zou□,, Xie Xun, Hu□,
They live in seclusion in the mountains, lead an honest and clean life, attach importance to learning from nature, and mainly describe the south.
The scenery around Beijing reveals the beauty of mountains and rivers, expresses real feelings and is widely studied.
With solid skills, our predecessors tried to break through the convention and create new ideas and styles.
Although each case is different, it has a fresh and pleasant taste. At the same time, praise
There are Chen Zhuo, Wang Jue, Liu□, packer and others in Nanjing.
Gong Xian, with a word of half a thousand, was the leader of Jinling School in Qing Dynasty. In "Sketch Half a Thousand Lessons", he said: painters should be "brushwork, pen and ink, Chou He and verve", and emphasized that "brushwork should be healthy, pen and ink should be vivid, and Chou He should be strange and elegant." He also said in the "Painting Tactics": "The stone outside the painting is based on the stone pattern, and after the stone pattern, the method is used." He also said: "The people tattooed on the stone are also present, and the people tattooed on the law are also muddy on the stone." Therefore, Gong Xianzhi's landscapes are often seamless, elegant and far-reaching, and Mo Yun is endless.
Most painters daub Mo Yun with wet ink, but Gong Xian clearly pointed out: "The rhyme of ink is not wet, the ink is fresh, and the wet ink dies", specifically pointing out; "The method is to dry first and then wet, so there is bone inside the wet outside. If you wet it first and then dry it, you will die. " Judging from his remarks and his painting methods, Gong Xianzhi's "moistening" is actually suitable for humidity. The key is that he can see the pen when he dyes it If it is too wet, the ink is sticky and the ink interferes with each other, it is "dead ink".
/include/viewDetail.php？ columnid = 30 & ampcolid=4 18
Landscape painting in late Qing dynasty
Wu Qingyun (? -19 16), born in shangyuan (Nanjing), lives in Shanghai. Painting mountains and rivers with mountains, drawing lessons from western methods and depicting misty clouds and rainy scenes can produce new ideas. Handed down works include the scroll of Jiange Cloud in the Palace Museum and the four screens of Panorama of Haizhou in the Central Academy of Fine Arts.
In the history of Nanjing, there have been many painters, all of whom occupy an important position in the history of China painting to varying degrees. As far as the creation and achievements of painting art are concerned, regardless of figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, their ancestors are mostly from Nanjing. Many anecdotes about ancient books and books in painting art, mostly happened in Nanjing. In the history of China painting, Nanjing is an important and unavoidable place. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Buxing was best at painting dragons and tigers and figures, and Cao was the first person to paint Buddha statues in Chinese painting. On one occasion, he painted a screen for Sun Quan and accidentally dropped the ink dots. Others feel sorry for him, just watching him quietly and improvising to draw a fly with this ink drop. Sun Quan looked at the painting and thought it was true, but he raised his hand with a wave of his hand. "Mistaken pen becomes a fly" has become a beautiful talk in painting circles.
Gu Kaizhi was the most famous great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is good at drawing characters, smiling. Sometimes I don't look at my eyes for years. He actually observed the expression of the object for a long time, trying to show his personality from his eyes. Gu Kaizhi is versatile and has made great achievements in calligraphy and poetry. In his twenties, he painted the mural "Vimalakīrti" for Nanjing Crock Temple, which was dazzling and attracted crowds of tourists. The temple received a donation of one million yuan.
During the Southern Liang Dynasty, a great painter named Zhang Sengyou was born. Especially the famous figure paintings are contemporary. His figure painting can make the viewer feel "like a face". Whenever he missed his son, he asked Zhang to go to various places to paint the king (son) and bring it back. When he sees these portraits, he will be as satisfied as seeing his own son. Zhang Sengyou is also good at painting dragons, which is said to have been painted in anrakuji, Jinling. After painting, he flew through the wall (that is, the idiom was finished).
Jinling, the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was founded by Li Wangjing, a Chinese master, and Li Yu, a late master. Both of them loved literature and art, and a group of talented painters emerged in the Southern Tang Painting Academy. Gu's "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" and Wang's "Picking Ears" are both handed down from generation to generation, especially praised by later generations. After the subjugation of the Southern Tang Dynasty, most of them followed Li Houzhu to Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and participated in the work of the Northern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, which made important contributions to the construction of the Song Dynasty painting circle.
As the political center moved northward, after the Southern Tang Dynasty, as a painting art reflecting the economic foundation and serving politics, its activity center also shifted. Although there were a few famous artists such as Ai Xuan, Hao Cheng and Ma Wan in the painting circle of Jinling in Yuan Dynasty, few works were circulated.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Nanjing was the capital, and the Painting Academy was re-established. However, Zhu Yuanzhang killed many painters innocently, which made painters dare not write at will, and the painting world was seriously bound. After Yongle moved to Beijing, Nanjing, as the capital, occupied an important position in politics and economy. Therefore, the painting circle in the ancient capital presents an active scene. Zhang Fuyang, Wei Wu, Xu Lin and Chen Qin. They are all famous painters in the north and south. Some of their painting skills have absorbed the style of Zhejiang School, and some have their own unique skills. In creation, some layouts are novel; Some win with far-reaching artistic conception. Zhang Fuyang is good at landscapes, figures and vegetation, and Wu Weijing's landscapes, especially meticulous figures. One spring, he came to Xinghua Village and asked an old woman for tea because he was thirsty. The next year, he revisited the old place and heard that the old lady had been dead for several months. It was he who drew memories for her, "no different from life", and the old lady's son cried endlessly. Xu Lin is good at flowers and feathers. Shi Zhong didn't speak until he was seventeen, but he kept his wits about him and everyone called him crazy. Its scenery is particularly famous in the world. Chen Qin is good at writing bamboo. At that time, Wu Pai leader Shen Zhou also appreciated Shi Zhong. They are like Chunlan Qiuju, and every episode is a temporary show. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the famous orchid painter Ma Xianglan appeared on the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. Ma is a Qinhuai geisha, who is not only proficient in melody, but also has high painting attainments. His paintings are elegant, smart and full of charm, especially orchids. Her paintings are also regarded as treasures abroad. In the late Ming Dynasty, Nanjing painters were represented by Yang Longyou and Yang Gong, who were good at landscapes and poems. The story of his painting Peach Blossom Fan for Li was spread all over the world and was killed after being defeated by the Qing army.
In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the representatives of Nanjing painting circles were Luo Huogen, Cui Yao, Sun, Zhang Bao, Zhang Xiqiao, Chen Taizhan, Shi Zhuang monk and so on. They are not influenced by the mud painting styles of the four kings (Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang, Wang), and can break the rule of "orthodox" formalism with heroic style. Although they are all famous landscape painters, they all have their own strengths. Among them, Sun You is good at drawing donkeys, while Cui Yao and Chen Taizhan are good at writing pines.
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, an old painter who was good at landscape painting appeared in Nanjing-Yuchan. He came to Tianjing (Nanjing) from Yangzhou to participate in the mural creation of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Palace. Yu inherited the fine tradition of Yangzhou Painting School and was a representative painter during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After the fall of Tianjing, the old man decided not to cooperate with the Qing court and returned to his hometown of Yangzhou anonymously to "paint landscapes for a living". It is conceivable that this Chinese painter must have spent the rest of his life in the bleak evening scene.
A new school of Shanghai painting was formed in the late Qing Dynasty, and their works were deeply appreciated by the general public. Outstanding painters in Nanjing include Liao who painted rain scenes, figures and flowers, Hu Yongqing, Jing Chunfang and other flower and bird painters. Can blend with the Shanghai style of painting and influence each other, thus forming their own unique style. Wu Qingyun was an innovative landscape painter in the late Qing Dynasty. He used ink to polish it. His works are characterized by the integration of Chinese and western painting methods. Although he used the western method, it can be regarded as an ancient heritage. Liao's imitation techniques formed his own style. Hu Yongqing learned Wu Changshuo's profligacy, and Jing Chunfang was also eager to do whatever she wanted. In addition, Chen Hengke, Xiao Quan and Li Ruiqing are also famous painters in North and South China. Chen Hengke is the eldest son of the famous poet Chen Sanyuan. The seal cutting of works and poems, with strokes of landscape flowers, especially with the center to describe the real scenery, is unique. He is also a mentor and friend of the great painter Qi Baishi. In the Qing Dynasty, Xiao Quan painted landscapes and liked to sketch the peaks with dry brush. Taoist Li Ruiqing is famous for his calligraphy at home and abroad. He creatively applied calligraphy to painting, which was extraordinary.