Let’s talk about “scholarship” in a few lectures. The first three lectures will take a look at “study methods”.
This lecture only talks about Mr. Zhao Zhiqian (1829-1884):
Don’t be too arrogant to say thank you, but you can’t be a teacher by creating a trend.
The first line of the first couplet "Don't have crazy words to thank Shi Wang" comes from the 126th poem of "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems" (poems) by the Qing Dynasty poet Gong Zizhen (1792-1841). There are 315 poems in this group, dated to 1839. The original poem is as follows:
Children are not allowed to talk about war in vain, so why not be pretentious about suppressing things.
Don’t say anything arrogant and thank Shiwang: Dongshan prostitutes are the common people.
This poem is about Xie An, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Everyone sees that Xie An is a very cool person. He can freely switch between seclusion and being an official. He is also good at traveling and having a high position and power. He attached great importance to the education and training of his descendants, and his nephews were very powerful. Zeng led the army to defeat the former Qin Dynasty that unified the north in the Battle of Feishui, allowing the Eastern Jin Dynasty to continue for nearly 40 years in the southeast.
The first two sentences of this poem, "The children are not allowed to talk about war, so why not be hypocritical", which means: Although my nephews defeated the former Qin Dynasty in the Battle of Feishui, I thank you An might as well be "pretentious" and deliberately conceal his excitement, in order to prevent them from being arrogant about victory and talking about war.
Regarding this matter, the most widely circulated passage is this paragraph in "Shishuoxinyu":
Xie Gong was playing chess with others, and a letter from Xie Xuanhuai arrived. Reading, silent and silent, Xu Xiangju. The guest asked about the interests of Huaishang, and he replied: "Children are great at breaking thieves." His mood, look, and behavior were no different from normal.
The records in "Book of Jin·Biography of Xie An" describe Xie An's "hypocrisy":
After Xuan and others broke through the stronghold, a post came, and An Fang was playing chess against a guest. After finishing reading, he took the picture and put it on the bed. He was not happy, but the chess game remained the same. When asked by the guest, Xu replied: "My children have already broken the thief." After that, he returned the house and transferred the property. He was so happy that he didn't realize that his clogs and teeth were broken. He was so pretentious and restrained. With his presidential merits, he came to pay homage to the Taibao.
You see, in front of others it is "Xu replied: 'The younger generation has broken the thief'", a trivial matter, nothing; behind others, it is "transfer limit, I am very happy, and I don't realize it" "The teeth of my clogs were broken" - I was so happy that I couldn't help but get carried away. When I entered the door, I broke the teeth of my clogs on the threshold without even noticing.
What does "clogging teeth" look like? You can take a look at the picture below (it looks a bit like the heel of a woman’s high heel shoe).
You see, this is Xie An's "It's so good to be hypocritical".
Then look at the last two sentences, "Don't say anything crazy to thank Shi Wang: Dongshan prostitutes are the common people." It means: Everyone hopes that I can share the country's worries and shoulder important responsibilities, but it is a pity that I can't do it. My words may be a bit frivolous and unhuman, I hope you won't take it off - I think living in seclusion in Dongshan, accompanied by beautiful women singing and singing, green mountains and green waters day and night, is the real life.
Mr. Gong’s poem seems to be talking about Xie An, but it is actually talking about himself. This is a common method used by the ancients to express their aspirations through objects and use others to describe themselves. It turns out that in the year of Jihai, when my husband resigned and returned to seclusion, he met a confidante who had fallen into prostitution, and the two of them had a happy time together (there are more than 30 poems related to this in "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems"). This kind of famous celebrity is almost the same as Xie An, who "keeps prostitutes in Dongshan".
The second line of the second line "But it is not a teacher to open up the trend" comes from the 104th poem of "Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems". The original poem is as follows:
There are people in Hefenfang Du who are doubtful, and he has a great reputation as a virgin. humble.
There is no yǐ 龁 hé in one thing, but it is not a teacher to create a good atmosphere.
After the poem, the poet originally wrote, "I will never have any disciples in my life."
Let's first look at the first two sentences, "There are people in Hefenfang who are doubtful, and their fame and status are always low.", which means That is to say: Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui were both disciples of Wang Tong. They assisted the British master in establishing the Tang Dynasty. They were high-ranking officials during their lifetime and famous after their death. As for their teacher Wang Tong, he had a humble name and a lowly position, and ended up living in the countryside.
Then look at the last two sentences, "There is nothing wrong with anything in life, but it is not a teacher to set up a trend." These two sentences are the author talking about himself - I am confident that there is one thing that will not make people make irresponsible remarks. , that is: I don’t want to be a teacher, and I don’t want to accept disciples. I like to do things that have never been done by my predecessors, and to step in and explore the way for future generations.
The original meaning of "齮龁" here is "biting", which is extended to "chewing one's tongue" and "talking nonsense".
Looking back at this couplet as a whole, "Don't have any wild words to thank Shi Wang: But it is not a teacher to open up the trend." When integrated into a couplet like this, the "wild words" in the first couplet do not refer to "The prostitute in Dongshan is the "It is the common people", and it has become "but it is not a teacher to set the trend".
The general meaning of this couplet is: Although I am ashamed of everyone's ardent expectations, I am confident that my exploration and efforts will definitely break the stereotypes of the past and create a new trend of the times.
In the small characters of this couplet, Mr. Zhao Zhiqian wrote: "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai" by Gong Yibu of the drama collection, on the wall of the book, chatting to relieve ridicule. In the spring and March of the ninth year of Tongzhi, my uncle met. It can be seen from this that this is the work of Mr. Wang in 1870 when he was 42 years old, which was the period when his seal script was mature. Because it was posted on my door, I used my special skills to write it extremely wonderfully.
Mr. Zhao Zhiqian has been obsessed with calligraphy, painting and seal cutting all his life. He once said that "there are seven people and three people in heaven", which means that his talent accounts for 70%. Compared with earlier and contemporaries, he believed that Deng Shiru was "four people in heaven and six people", Bao Shichen was "three people in heaven and seven people", and Wu Xizai was "one person and nine people in heaven". It shows how highly talented he thinks he is!
With such self-confidence, of course he cherishes time like gold and uses up all his strength to develop the seven points of heaven given by God. To realize such a wish, it is better to make friends than to make disciples, and it is better to seek teachers than to make friends. How can you still have the energy to guide and train the younger generations?
Throughout his life, he continued to improve under the stimulation of his teachers and friends, and eventually became a pioneer in calligraphy, painting, seal cutting, etc.
In terms of calligraphy, Mr. Wang overcame obstacles and opened up new paths for stele learning in the Qing Dynasty. The Wei stele running script he pioneered took the strong and powerful blood of the northern stele and injected it into the gentle and handsome body of the southern stele. It retains the ancient style. The new machine restarts, creating a new realm and a new look, following the calligraphy style of Kang Youwei, Yu Youren and the modern Wei Dynasty. What the teacher said here is "but it is not a good idea to be a teacher". This is really not self-effacing and self-deprecating, but extremely conceited.
Having said so much, what does “not being a teacher” have to do with studying?
Let’s look at the history of human development. The formation of any major subject or small field was created step by step by masters who dared to create a trend. For crabs and spiders, someone must be curious enough to try them first.
For example, Thales (624 BC - 547 BC), a great ancient Greek scholar who is known as "the first person in the history of philosophy", was the first in the West to clearly put forward "what is the origin of all things" "? The answer he gave was "Everything comes from water." When everyone looks at this answer today, they will find it childish and ridiculous. There is also the ancient Greek "encyclopedic scholar" Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC). He once believed: "Everything that moves must have a mover pushing it to move." Everyone knows today that this "childish" conclusion was later overturned by Newton.
Although the views of Thales and Aristotle are both wrong, their greatness lies in that they raised and thought about these most basic and important questions.
Today's philosophy, chemistry and other disciplines were born and developed on the basis of thinking about "original"; today's physics was born and developed on the basis of thinking on "motion". It is with these issues as the starting point that mankind has created a glorious civilization step by step. This is the saying that "it is not a teacher who can only follow the trend".
Another example is Sir John Kelly (1773-1857), an Englishman who made important contributions to the invention of airplanes. He once tried to imitate the flight of birds, but after many failures, he realized that this road was unreachable. Then he found a new path and wrote the famous aerodynamics "On Air Navigation" after a large number of gliding experiments. Before Sir Kelly died, he wrote these two sentences about the aerodynamics research materials he had accumulated throughout his life: "Here you go, friends who check my notes! I have gone, and I hope you can find wisdom in these graffiti. Fire." More than 150 years later, it was on the basis of Sir Kelly's data and theories that the Wright brothers realized the dream of controlled human flight. This is also the saying that "it is not a teacher to be a teacher only if you create a trend".
? Mr. Hu Shi also likes this sentence "But it is not a teacher who can create a trend." His new poems in vernacular and his "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy", although his academic status is not high, he can create a trend. First of all, it was not easy.
? However, with the development of the times, "but to follow the trend and not to be a teacher" is inevitably a bit outdated today. The development model of modern science and technology has become "both a pioneer and a teacher." This is because, with the accumulation and progress of human society, the most cutting-edge and top-level issues in science are becoming more and more complex. A small breakthrough often requires the collective collaboration and long-term efforts of many researchers. The postgraduate training mechanism commonly adopted by modern universities is to form a research team composed of tutors and students. Experienced masters and active-thinking rookies work closely together to "open up the atmosphere". This is not only conducive to brainstorming and overcoming difficulties. It is more conducive to research relay and academic inheritance, and ultimately promotes the sustained and accelerated development of science and technology.
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