△ Book of Jin Volume 130 (published by Neifu): written by Tang Fangqiao and others. Liu Zhiji's Shi Tong Wai Pian is called imperial edict in Zhenguan, and there are eighteen epigraphy before and after it, but it is not perfect, and it is even more troublesome for historians to compile it. Naturally, people who talk about the history of Jin Dynasty abandon old books and compete for new ones. People in the Tang Dynasty, such as Shan Li's Notes on Selected Works, Xu Jian's Notes for Beginners and Bai Juyi's Six Posts, are written in the books of Wang Yin, Yu Yu, Zhu Feng, He Fasheng, Xie Lingyun, Zang Xurong, Shen Yue and their husbands Guangxu, Gan Bao, Deng Kui, Wang Shao, Cao Jiazhi and Liu Qian. It's old and it's true. Either written, there are people who are dissatisfied with the public. In textual research, only Lu Ji and Wang Xizhi called it Knowing the Moon, which was written by Taizong. In the afternoon, there are gains and losses in politics, and there are many talents. But there are nine kinds of seaweed, and the author is expressed in Wang's words. There is only one balance for scholars, and a good book escapes. The purpose of this book is probably known. What it praises and criticizes is a little bit of implementation and the award is flashy. What he chose, he suddenly took the novel from the canon. Come if you don't come back. That is, "Selected Notes on Ma Shuwen" quoted Zang Hewang, saying that he had made meritorious deeds and died innocent, and then sacrificed. The Book of Jin is not a biography, nor is it attached to the early Zhou Dynasty and Meng Guan. Wang Yin was quoted as saying in Taiping Yu Lan: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to use Guo Qi as a supplement and asked Senior Minister Zhang Guo. Zhang hates Qi's self-dependence, but he should be ignorant. The master said,' If you say so, Wu Maru's family can be as good as Lang.' And Zhao Wanglun usurped the throne, trying to use Qi. Qi said:' I have been an official of Emperor Wu, and I can no longer be an official of this world. Finally home. "Qi Gai forever also tomorrow. And the book of Jin is also cut and not contained. It generally contains romantic prizes for reference. Take Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Liu Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu to discuss each other, which is more than the total income. Is it the body of a straight official? Is it safe to say that history is a biography? Huang's Miscellaneous Notes on Su Yuan scoffed at his quotation from Shi Shuo that "He Jiao is as high as a thousand pines, and there are many plans", and it was included in He Jiao Zhuan with the same words as Wenqiao Zhuan. On the other hand, it is better to check, and the disease of its branches and leaves is not its fundamental disease. In the official history, only this book and the history of Song Dynasty have been rewritten by later generations for a reason. In particular, the book of eighteen families died, and those who took an examination of Jin gave it up for no reason, so it was preserved through the ages "Sound and Meaning" is a three-volume book, written by Tang, with super word order, claiming to be from Tokyo. Yang Wei prefaces. The judgment of sound and the distinction between words are quite inventive, which is reflected in the old version and is still attached to the end. The style of the Book of Jin is relatively complete, so it can accommodate more historical content without feeling complicated and chaotic. Arranging historical events in chronological order and explaining the basic clues of historical development is the general outline of the Book of Jin. In the Chronicle of the Emperor, three periods of Xuanjingwen are listed first, and the process of establishing the State of Jin by Emperor Wu's grandfather Sima Yi, uncle Sima Shi and father Si Mazhao is traced back, which makes the historical origin of Jin history clear and historical. The book records the system of laws and regulations, with clear classification and detailed description, which can give people more complete historical knowledge. Biography records people in chronological order, supplemented by categories. Biographies or combined biographies have clear contents and reasonable distribution of all kinds of people, so that nearly 800 historical figures of the Western Jin Dynasty are presented to readers in different categories, forming a map of historical activities of the Jin Dynasty. The book records the history of sixteen countries that confronted Kim, and is good at making innovations in the writing of historical books. The style of writing is similar to that of the aristocratic families in Historical Records, but the aristocratic families record the history of the vassal States, which embodies the close relationship between the aristocratic society and the state in the pre-Qin period. The name of Historical Records comes from Dongguan Hanji, but Dongguan Hanji records the deeds of Lin Ping, Xinshi and Gongsun Shu with Historical Records, which is only a supplement to biographies.
The Book of Jin, named after a famous family, completely describes the rise and fall of the separatist regime of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains with a specification higher than biography, gives the separatist regime a proper historical orientation, and better solves the problem of the history of the imperial dynasty of the Central Plains and the political regimes of all ethnic groups, which has won high appreciation from historians of all dynasties. In the records, we only called the sixteen countries' regimes "usurpers", but did not distinguish between China and foreign countries, which reflected the unified thought of the rulers of the Tang Dynasty that "China and foreign countries are one, and the world is one", which we should pay special attention to when reading the Book of Jin today. The history of Jin Dynasty is more complicated and more difficult to write than that of Han Dynasty. There are four genres in the Book of Jin, which solve this problem well.
The Book of Jin also has the advantages of substantial content and concise text. The social contradictions in the Jin Dynasty are sharp and complicated, including the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasants, the contradiction between the Hu Hanmin people, the contradiction between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, the contradiction between the monarch and the minister, and the contradiction between the anti-Japanese faction and the Tan faction. The Book of Jin provides a lot of information and documents about these contradictions and struggles. Such as Sun En, Lu Xun, Zhang Chang and Wang Ru who reflected the peasant uprising at that time; The Biography of Jiang Tong contains the theory of moving to Rong, and the Biography of Wenqiao contains seven essentials of playing soldiers, which provides materials for the struggle between Hu and Han. The Biography of Guo Pu contains the skills of supervising the country, the Biography of Li Chongchuan contains the theory of making nine products, and the Biography of Fu Xuan contains the skills of encouraging agriculture, which provided materials for studying the social, political and economic situation at that time. Biography of Pei Wei and Ruan Zhan is an important ideological document. In addition, Shu Xi Zhuan recorded the discovery of Ji, Pei Xiu Zhuan recorded six painting methods of regional maps, and Wei Heng Zhuan recorded the origin of calligraphy, all of which are extremely precious historical materials. It has been more than 200 years since the Jin Dynasty lost the Book of Jin in the Tang Dynasty, which has the conditions to change the disadvantages of fake history books in the past.
There is almost nothing in the book that the author tries to protect except following the old text. Many biographies in the book reveal the greed, decay, extravagance and crimes endangering the people of the ruling class, which is a lesson. The authors of The Book of Jin are mostly literary masters, and the narrative of The Book of Jin is often concise and sometimes vivid and wonderful. The records in the book are well written, coordinated and organized from beginning to end. For example, the two volumes of Fu Jian are vivid and impressive. Biographies often show the modality of historical figures, which is interesting to read.
Ten records in the Book of Jin are: Tian Wenzhi, Geography, Law, Rites, Music, Officials, Fishermen, Food, Five Elements and Criminal Law. In terms of name, it is similar to the History of the Five Dynasties, but the only difference is the addition of Yu Fu Zhi and the deletion of Jing Ji Zhi. Because Sui Zhi and Jin Zhi are mostly written by the same author, and the editing time is very close, there is some overlap in content. But Ten Records of the Book of Jin is of great value. Its categories are relatively complete, and the content of social laws and regulations reflected is also relatively comprehensive. The narratives of Shihuozhi and Criminal Law Zhi cover the Eastern Han Dynasty, which can make up for the shortcomings of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Geographical records are very useful for studying the changes of administrative divisions and state and county systems in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ten records of the Book of Jin are written by knowledgeable experts, and their contents are more accurate. Tian Wenzhi, Li Luzhi and Wu Xing Zhi were compiled by the famous scientist Li and spread all over the world, especially in astronomy and harmony. Tianwenzhi recorded three major schools of astronomy since the Han and Wei Dynasties. Gaitian theory, Michelle Ye theory and Huntian theory, and affirmed Huntian theory; "Fa Li Ji" recorded several calendars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and preserved important materials in the history of science and technology, which is of great value. First, the absurdity of narration.
The Book of Jin inherited the shortcomings of previous works on the history of Jin, and recorded a large number of supernatural stories, and some absurd remarks in Search and You were also included. For example, The Biography of Gambao records that Gambao's father and concubine were buried with him for more than ten years, but they can still be resurrected after the coffin was opened. Zhang Hua Chuan mentioned eating "dragon meat" and said that "it is different to taste bitter wine."
Second, the selection of historical materials is not rigorous enough.
According to historical scholars' research, during the compilation of the Book of Jin, we can see a large number of documents of Jin Dynasty, including imperial edicts, clerical notes, exemplifying notes and anthologies. However, the editors of the Book of Jin are mainly based on Zang's Book of Jin, and also slightly modified with the records of note novels. Although it refers to the relevant historical materials of the Golden History and other schools, it has not been fully utilized. Therefore, after the book was written in the Tang dynasty, it was pointed out by contemporary people that "it is good at picking up fallacies and breaking things to spread different news;" He also commented that the competition was gorgeous and unrealistic. "In" The Story of the Stone ",Liu Zhiji also criticized it for not paying attention to the selection of historical materials, but only pursuing the gorgeous words. Zhang Xie, a Qing man, quoted more than 450 fallacies in the Book of Jin to read history and correct mistakes. Qian Daxin criticized the Book of Jin for "mistakes in writing". There are also contradictions in the Book of Jin. For example, after Cao Mao was killed in Wen Di Hou Han Shu, the end of Chengzu brothers was "the queen mother followed and helped the three families." "But in the Biography of Xunxu, Xunxu is also called" punishment stops it, you are a clan punishment, and you are afraid of private discussion of the righteous ",that is, Xunxu's explanation on the table has not been destroyed by the three clans, and the two historical materials are contradictory.