Answer: The Chaju system is an official selection system implemented from the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty.
With the decline of the "Shiqing Shilu" system during the Warring States Period, the method of selecting officials by recommendation became popular.
During the periods of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, officials were selected through the examination and promotion of virtuous people.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, because most of the officials in the Han Dynasty were appointed and selected, it was not conducive to the selection of outstanding talents.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the imperial examination system based on Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, which stipulated that each county should have one person for filial piety and integrity.
Xiaolianke became the most important subject in the Han Dynasty.
In addition, the special subjects of the Han Dynasty included literature, founder, and honest officials.
After Xiaolian was promoted to the central government, he was not immediately given a practical position. Instead, he first entered the Lang's Office as a Lang Guan and assumed the role of palace guard. Then, after being selected, he served as a local official or stayed in the central government as an official.
In the late Western Han Dynasty, the examination and promotion system was reformed, filial piety and integrity were examined and promoted according to the population ratio, and the age of filial piety and incorruptibility was stipulated.
From the Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the inspection and promotion were strict, which indeed played an important role in selecting talents.
However, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, politics became corrupt, and the inspection system often had false inspections.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Chaju system still existed, and it was on this system that the Nine-Rank Zhongzheng system was developed.
The imperial examination system is a system for selecting officials in ancient China. So do you know what the imperial examination system is in the Han Dynasty? The following is the development of the imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty that I have compiled for you. , let us find out together.
The imperial examination system plays an important role in the evolution of the official selection system. It suppresses the traditional feudal selection system of hierarchies and blood relationships to a certain extent. Compared with the hereditary system, it is a huge change. historical progress.
With the strengthening of the centralization of power in the imperial court and the enlightenment of people's customs, the imperial examination system can no longer meet the country's urgent need for talents. As time goes by, the hidden shortcomings of the imperial examination system have become more and more obvious. , has become an irreparable omission in the political situation of the court.
The improvement and reconstruction of the official selection system is urgent.
The imperial examination system sprouted in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and truly took shape in the Tang Dynasty.
With the decline of gentry families and the rise of common people landlords, the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, which has paid more attention to family status in selecting officials since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, is facing historical elimination.
After Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty came to the throne, he officially abolished the nine-rank Zhongzheng system and issued an edict to "promote virtuous people." scholar.
In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian, and Emperor Xuanzong were the key figures in establishing and improving the imperial examination system. The examinations held temporarily by the emperor's decree are called system subjects.
This official selection system has been prevalent in Chinese history for more than a thousand years. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty in modern times that Cixi announced the abolition of the imperial examination system, and it truly withdrew from the stage of history.
Although the imperial examination system was a product of feudal centralization, especially the eight-legged examination system during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which greatly restricted openness of thought, its positive impact on China's feudal society cannot be ignored. No.
The imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty was a creative achievement in the development of our country's official system. It was a great progress compared with the hereditary system in the selection of officials in previous dynasties.
The inspection and examination system of the Han Dynasty was implemented for more than 300 years and had an important impact on later generations.
From the actual situation, the inspection and examination system indeed selected many talents for the Han Dynasty.
What is the reason why the inspection and evaluation system is so successful?
In summary, there are the following points: 1. There are many inspection and evaluation subjects, covering various needs of the country Talents, the scope of selection is also wider, providing more opportunities for talented scholars to advance into official careers; 2. Relatively speaking, the inspection and promotion system is strictly enforced, with rewards and punishments for both the examiner and the person being promoted, especially The candidate has to act cautiously, thereby reducing the occurrence of false pretense; third, the most important thing is the combination of selection and examination, which provides a stage for fair competition for the candidates, so that truly outstanding talents have the opportunity to stand out.
In addition, the success of Chaju in the Han Dynasty must be attributed to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Prior to this, there was the Wenjing rule in the early Han Dynasty, coupled with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's great talent and broad strategy, he was thirsty for talents, so he vigorously promoted the inspection and promotion system, showing that "all the scholars admire each other, and the strangers are attracted by each other" The vigorous vitality of "out" made the Han Dynasty a great civilized country at that time.
However, since the power of talent selection in the Han Dynasty was concentrated in the hands of the emperor and central and local officials, human factors had a decisive impact on talent selection, which was also the fundamental drawback of this system.
At that time, three-quarters of those elected were current officials, which resulted in the rejection of outstanding talents among civilian Confucian scholars.
Especially in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, nepotism, wealth, and power were used, and powerful people controlled the results of the inspection, which caused many abuses and exposed the fundamental flaws of the inspection system.
The inspection and examination system is a bottom-up official selection system that is flexible in terms of types of talents. However, in the selection process, the state is very strict in its specific implementation process.
Common criteria for selecting officials include: four subjects and four elements of honor and wealth.
The first one is to have excellent moral character and have a clean mind; the second is to be knowledgeable and practice well, to be a doctor in the classics; the third is to be clear about laws, able to resolve doubts, and be able to answer questions in articles. Censor.
The fourth discipline is perseverance and strategy, not confused when encountering difficulties, and clear enough to make decisions.
Only in this way can he be appointed as the third assistant order. The above four subjects are the basic standards for selecting officials in the Han Dynasty.
It is not difficult to find that high moral character and clean character are the primary criteria for selecting talents. The emperors of the Western Han Dynasty frequently promoted "virtuous and upright people". Moral cultivation is repeatedly emphasized during the inspection process.
Secondly, there are requirements for the cultural quality of the selected people. Specifically, they are to study the classics clearly and be familiar with the laws. The requirements for the cultural quality of officials are to master certain legal knowledge, be familiar with imperial edicts, and have the "ability to "The ability to compile books", being "able to write" means not only being able to proficiently produce official documents and write articles, but also include calligraphy requirements. In this regard, a considerable part of the large number of documents and archives unearthed from Han bamboo slips were written by historical officials, " "Total" refers to a certain calculation and statistical ability.
The management ability of officials directly affects the planning, organization, control, coordination and other management effects of administrative agencies. It is a carrier that directly reflects the value of management, so it is also an indispensable standard.