In the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1642), Shi Tao was 1 year old in Renwu.
His original surname was Zhu Ruoji, the son of Zhu Hengjia, the king of Jingjiang in Ming Dynasty, and he was from Quanzhou, Guangxi.
In 1645, in the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Yi You was 4 years old.
Zhu Hengjia, the king of Jingjiang in Ming Dynasty, called himself "the supervisor of the country" in Guilin, and was soon killed because of his roommate's arrogance. Shi Tao was brought to Xiangshan Temple in Quanzhou by eunuchs (later Hetao) to become a monk. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1651), Xin Mao was 1 years old
There were frequent wars in western Guangdong, and Shi Tao left Quanzhou and moved to Wuchang at the latest. In the 12th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1655), B was not 14 years old
The inscription of "Orchid Bamboo with Double Hooks" reads: "Fourteen wrote Orchid Fifty-six, and I have been competing with you for fish. At first, I believed that the fame was not high, and I regretted not eating more meat before. " In the 14th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1657), Ding You was 16 years old
, and the book "Landscape Flower Map" written in Wuchang (collected by Guangdong Provincial Museum) is the earliest known chronological work. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1661), Xin Chou was 2 years old < P > and lived in Huxiang and Wuchang for a long time. In the third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1664), Jiachen was 23 years old.
Around the year, she went down from Wuchang to Lushan to Kaixian Temple. Make "Landscape Figure" volume. In 1665, in the fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Yi Si was 24 years old
and went down to Jiangsu and Zhejiang from Lushan East. After roaming the Hangjiahu area, I went to Songjiang, Yuanji. In the fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1666), Bingwu was 25 years old
and went to Xuancheng to stay in Guangjiao Temple, Jinlu Temple and Xianyun Temple at the foot of Jingting Mountain. In the sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1667), Ding Wei was 26 years old
in Xuancheng, and wrote the volume "Sixteen arhats should be true". Make the eighth opening of Landscape Book. In the seventh year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1668), at the age of 27, Wushen
once went to Shexian to paint, and wrote a poem on the second paragraph of Landscape Figures: "Wushen, Xin 'an Taiping Temple." In the eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1669), he was 28 years old.
On the spring day, he wrote the ninth book of landscapes, with the title: "You get this in spring, and the picture is enjoyable." In the summer, I wrote "Jin Zhu Chao Xia Tu" at Ziyang Academy in Shexian County. Make the seventh opening of Landscape Book. In 167, the ninth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Geng was not 29 years old
In Xuancheng, he once took a couple to visit Huangshan. In the 1th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1671), Xinhai was 3 years old < P > in Xuancheng. Make a landscape map in autumn. The paragraph says, "In the autumn of 1911, under the pavilion, Shi Taoji was a monk." In the 12th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1673), Gui Chou was 32 years old
and in the late autumn, he wrote a picture at the Xianyun Temple in Xuancheng. The cloud said, "Whoever makes books and paints, regardless of whether he is an old hand or learns, he wins first with qi." In the 13th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1674), Jiayin was 33 years old.
In the summer, he worked as an "old man in Hunan" in Nanhu Lake, Xuancheng. On the winter solstice, you visit the Shuangta Temple in Zhaoting, and write the axis of Guanyin Map. In the 14th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1675), Yimao was 34 years old < P > in Xuancheng. I visited the Lvan in Songjiang. As the "Song Ge Lin Quan Tu", the paragraph says: "When it is autumn, I am a monk Shi Tao in Jishan, western Guangdong." In the 15th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1676), Bingchen was 35 years old.
The axis of "Landscape Map" says: "Bingchen is the Daianji who enjoys treatment." In the 16th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1677), Ding Si was 36 years old
in summer. At Guangjiao Temple. The title of "A Combination of Poetry and Painting" is: "Ding Si Summer." In late autumn, I visited Tiger Hill in Suzhou, making the fourth book of Landscape Map. This year, I traveled to Shuixi, Jingxian County, and worked as an "iron-footed Taoist" in the volume of Landscape Figures. In the 17th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1678), at the age of 37, I went to Nanjing at the invitation of Tiandaoyuan in Zhongshan. In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), he was not 38 years old
and was in Nanjing. "Shan Jutu" was written by Xie Lou in the bosom of Qinhuai, and the inscription and postscript contained the words "with emotion in the pen and ink, put it outside the pen and ink". Winter, in Xuancheng, ready to go to Nanjing. In the 19th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (168), Geng Shen was 39 years old < P > and lived in a branch of Changgan Temple in Nanjing. As a volume of "Calligraphy and Painting", the title says: "Geng Shen leap has to grow a branch and seven pieces in early August." It has contacts with Dai Benxiao, Cheng Sui, Kong Shangren, Mei Qing and Qu Dajun. In the 2th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1681), Xin You was 4 years old
and presented Mei Qing with Lotus Picture. In the twenty-first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1682), Renxu was 41 years old
In winter, he painted a book of mountains and rivers in a pavilion, saying, "Today's ancients, whoever learns from them; But when you go out, you have to turn over the bottom of the pen. " "A painter can't be lofty and ancient, but he is ill and only seeks tricks." In the 22nd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1683), Gui Hai was 42 years old < P > in Nanjing. As a "Book Album", the title says: "I will make a gift from the pavilion, and I will collect a recent manuscript of Guihai, which will be unified again." In the 23rd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1684), Jiazi was 43 years old < P > in Nanjing. Emperor Kangxi made his first southern tour, stayed in Nanjing, and toured Changgan Temple. Shi Tao took the ride with the monks in the temple. In that year, there was a "Landscape Book", and in one page, "Strange Mountain Sudden Map" was titled: "There are northern and southern sects in painting, and there are two kings in books. Zhang Rong said,' If you don't hate a minister, there will be no two kings, and if you hate two kings, there will be no ministers.' Today, I asked the Southern and Northern Clans: Do I live there? Live with me? For a moment, I laughed and said, I use my own method. "in the 24th year of Kangxi in Qing dynasty (1685), b Chou was 44 years old
in Nanjing. In February, Xue Ji visited Qinglong, Tianyin, Dongshan, Zhongling and Linggu. In the new summer, after crossing the Five Clouds, I wrote "Ten Thousand Points of Evil Ink" for Cang Gong. In the 25th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1686), Bing Yin was 45 years old
in the winter, and he wrote a volume of Landscape Map for intelligent enterprises. In the postscript, there was a saying that "I also stepped on grass and thistles privately". In the 26th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1687), Ding Mao went to Yangzhou at the age of 46
in the spring to participate in the elegant collection of Kong Shangren Secret Garden. In winter, I am going to Beijing to write a long poem "Life in Parallel" and leave a pavilion with a title, and bid farewell to all the friends in Jinling. Go to Yangzhou in winter. In the 27th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1688), Wuchen was 47 years old
In Yangzhou, "the trip to the north failed", so he visited the tree hall.
He was 48 years old in the 28th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1689)
In Yangzhou, Emperor Kangxi made his second southern tour, and Shi Tao took the driver in Pingshan Hall and wrote two chronicle poems. I went to Beijing in autumn and winter of 28. In the 29th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (169), Geng Wu arrived in Beijing at the age of 49
, and he was a guest and ignorant, giving a high opinion on "painting in poetry" and "painting in poetry". In that year, there was a poem "Monks begging for bitter gourd". In the 3th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1691), Xin Wei was 5 years old.
In February, he wrote ink bamboo for Bordu, and Wang Yuanqi was a slope filling stone. Shen An, the guest and the host of Hanzhai, wrote the volume "Search for the Draft Map of Qifeng", in which there is a postscript that "it is my religion not to establish a law, and it is my purpose not to give up a law". In autumn and July, Keciyuan Temple made a landscape book, and the inscription appeared: "I use my method". In the thirty-first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1692), Renshen was 51 years old.
In March, he painted for Mr. Bochang at Yuchao Temple, and wrote a postscript: "It is wrong to learn from the traces of the ancients instead of their hearts." In autumn, I bought a boat and went south, returning to Yangzhou from Beijing. For the situation of going south along the canal, see "Qing Xiang Painting and Calligraphy Draft". In the thirty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1693), Gui You was 52 years old < P > in Yangzhou. That year, I made a landscape axis for Mr. Jingyuan of Huangshan Mountain. Since the postscript of "Yuhang Mountain View", the scroll says: "In winter, Mr. Borrowing Pavilion took this scroll to visit Yuhang, and the return cloud is no different from Dadi." In the thirty-third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1694), Jia Xu was 53 years old.
In August, he wrote "Landscape Book" for Mr. Ming Liu, and commented on the characteristics of all the famous painters in the painting world, calling the Badashan people "dripping with wonder". The 12th Flower Book collected by Shanghai Museum began to be funded by "Big Wash". In the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1695), Yi Hai was 54 years old < P > and had a trip to Anhui in May. In summer, make the axis of Chaohu Lake Map. In July, friends went boating in Cuizhujiang Village, Baisha. In autumn and September, I wrote the volume "Landscape" for the old. In winter, I painted for Huangyan Brigade in "Zhenzhou Xuedao Office", still in Yizheng. In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1696), Bingzi was 55 years old.
In the summer and June, she left Yangzhou and went to Shexian County to spend the summer in Chengjun Songfeng Hall. Finish the Draft of Qing Xiang Painting and Calligraphy. "Chunhua Pavilion Post" Volume Department: "When it is autumn and August, the blind person in Qingxiang is in your presence." In autumn and September, he made a picture of fishing along the Chunjiang River in Yangzhou (Tang Yun's old collection) and sent it to Ba Da, calling him "the eldest brother". It was time to build Dadi Cottage, so I wrote to Badashan people asking for a picture of Dadi Cottage. There were seals such as "Da Di Tang" and "Da Di Zi Ji", and a large number of Da Di Zi was used as the signature until his death. Ding Chou was 56 years old in the thirty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1697)
In February, Shi Tao wrote eight volumes of Narcissus Map, calling them "old adherents with golden branches and jade leaves". I first saw the name of "Ruoji". In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1698), Wuyin was 57 years old
In the summer, Badashan people sent a picture of Daditang, on which Shi Tao wrote poems. It was the year when I first met Li Yi and hit it off at first sight. In the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1699), he was 58 years old.
The theme of "Drawing Landscape for Gongbei" is "A Tour of Jianning in Jimao". Twelve frames of landscape book for Xian Weng, with the words "I'm deeply ashamed that I didn't enter the hall of the ancients, how can I have great vitality" in the inscription. On the Buddha Bathing Day, Badashan people made an ancient tree, moss stone, for Dai's old man, and Shitao made a red leaf for the water replenishing beach, and wrote a poem on it. In autumn, the title of "Taibai Poetic Picture Axis" is: "It's autumn, Your Excellency Qinglian." In the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (17), Geng Chen was 59 years old < P > in Yangzhou. Two days before Shangyuan, Wu Yuqiao wrote a book called Eight Scenes of Southwest China. The third title department said, "Two days before Gengchen went to Shangyuan, Qinglian Pavilion." Two days after Shangyuan, he made a book of Landscape Flowers and Plants. In September, Shi Tao wrote "Writing a Blue Book" for his master Hong Zhengzhi, in which there was a postscript written by a Buddhist who ran an nunnery. Around this year, Shi Tao asked Li Songan to write to the Eighth National Congress and ask for a picture of Dadi Caotang. In the forty-first year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (172), Renwu was 61 years old
in March, in Nanjing. Watching peach blossoms in Wulongtan, making the axis of "Yunshan Map", the postscript says: "If you write a painting before you put pen to paper, you should first use God." Autumn and August, painting, the inscription has "heaven and earth are dissolved in one breath, and then divided into four seasons;" The light and shade are different, so they are not alike. In the forty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (173), I was not 62 years old.
In the summer, there was a saying about painting, saying, "Pen and ink should follow the times". Autumn, painting for Liu Shitou, talking about the use of points, the conclusion cloud: "The law has no fixed phase, and the spirit speaks for itself." In the 43rd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (174), Jia Shen was 63 years old, and in July, he wrote "The Scenery of Zhemo", with a poem saying: "The mountain village is half empty, and it is suspected that the wind and smoke are about to swallow. The danger is endless, and it is impossible to draw a cloud gate with the sky. " In the forty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (175), at the age of 64, Yi You painted landscapes as a gift to Mr. Dao, and there was a sigh of exhaustion in his inscription and postscript. In the forty-fifth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (176), Bing Xu was 65 years old
in the spring, and wrote "The Melody of Plum Blossom", with the sentence "Why should I go around the plum blossom tree, but I still have no home?" In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (177), Ding Hai was 66 years old. < P > In autumn and winter, his condition deteriorated and he was buried at the foot of Shugang in Yangzhou. ■
Shi Tao, whose real name is Zhu, whose name is Ruoji and fine print is Achang, changed his name to Yuanji, Chaoji and Yuanji after his hair was cut, calling himself a Momordica Charantia monk. When traveling in Nanjing, I got a long pole. Because of the number of branches, I don't want to be a long, blunt-rooted, mountain passenger, mountain monk, stone Taoist and a pavilion. There are many nicknames for him, such as Da Di Zi, Qing Xiang Legacy, Qing Xiang Chen Ren, Jingjiang Descendants, Qing Xiang Old Man, late number blind venerable person, zero Ding old man and so on.
He is the tenth grandson of Jingjiang Wang Zanyi, a Ming imperial clan, originally from Guilin, Guangxi, and a native of Quanzhou, Guangxi. He was born in the 9th, 14th and 15th years of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1636, 1641 and 1642), and died in the 44th, 49th and 57th years of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (175, 171 and 1718). After the Ming Dynasty's death, Zhu Hengjia claimed to be the supervisor of the country and was executed by Zhu Yujian, the king of the Tang Dynasty, in Fuzhou. When Shi Tao was young, he was taken away by eunuchs and became a monk. His dharma name was Yuanji, the word Shi Tao, and his nickname was Dadizi, the old man in Qingxiang, the bitter gourd monk, and the blind venerable person. I once worshipped a famous monk as a teacher, and was fond of roaming. I visited Jingting Mountain, Huangshan Mountain, Nanjing, Yangzhou and other places many times, and lived in Yangzhou in my later years. He not only suffered from the ruin of his country, but also knelt down to meet Emperor Kangxi twice, and had many contacts with the top figures of the Qing Dynasty, and his heart was full of contradictions.
Shi Tao claimed to have been born in the imperial clan. When he died in Ming Dynasty, he was only a three-year-old child. His becoming a monk was more of a political gesture, which was different from Jian Jiang's loneliness. Shi Tao's personality was full of dynamic factors, so he was in Buddhism but his heart was turned to the world of mortals. During Kangxi's southern tour, Shi Tao took the driver twice, and hailed for a long time, and took the initiative to go to Beijing to make friends with dignitaries, in an attempt to get ahead, but the dignitaries only regarded him as a monk who could paint, and did not care about him, so he failed. Therefore, he spent his life in a contradiction between lofty self-esteem and unwilling to be silent. Fortunately, he was extremely clever and skillfully vented this contradiction into his paintings, so his works are full of movement and tension, which is exactly what makes him different from ordinary people and why his works are magnificent.
The most famous person who ate bitter gourd in history was Shi Tao, a painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Shi Tao is a pioneering grandmaster. He calls himself the Bitter Melon Monk, and his meals are inseparable from Bitter Melon. He even offered bitter gourd to his desk for worship. His feelings for bitter gourd are closely related to his experience and mood.
Shi Tao was born in the late Ming Dynasty. At the age of fifteen, the Ming Dynasty perished and his father was captured and killed by the Tang King. When the country was destroyed, Shi Tao was forced to flee to Quanzhou, Guangxi, where he had his hair cut as a monk. Later, he moved from place to place in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Hebei and other places, and settled in Yangzhou in his later years. He created a lot of exquisite works with inner contradictions and hidden pains. What people admire most is the unique style of adventure and beauty in his paintings, and the faint bitterness contained in his pen and ink. A rhyme very similar to bitter gourd. The strange nicknames used by the world are well-known and puzzling: bitter gourd monk, blind venerable person. What about bitter gourd? Shi Tao's eyes are bright, so how can he be called a blind person? There are many versions of legends. The more popular saying is: Bitter gourd, Pi Qing, Zhu Zhuhong, which means being in the Qing Dynasty and remembering Zhu Ming; Blind respect means blindness, which means losing the Ming Dynasty. Blind people, why don't they want to see again?
Looking at Shi Tao's paintings in his whole life, he has a very distinct personality and the flavor of the times, both in his masterpiece and in his sketches, and his views are unforgettable. If his works are divided into stages according to the time sequence and characteristics of his works, they can be roughly divided into three periods. The first period was the learning period of traditional techniques, that is, Shi Tao's time in Wuchang, when Shi Tao was in his early years, just catching up with the period of imitating Dong Qichang's style. At the beginning of Kangxi, Dong Qichang's painting style and theory had an important influence on China's painting circle, and the theory of "Southern and Northern Schools" was widely spread, with a clear tendency of "restraining the north and promoting the south". In terms of pen and ink, he strongly advocated "morale" and said: "Scholars should use the method of cursive script to paint. Judging from Shi Tao's early works, he was influenced by Dong Qichang's theory, but on the other hand, his personality reflected in his early works was naturally revealed in the pen and ink from the very beginning. He should not only inherit the tradition, but also take "nature as a teacher" and "I use my method". Shi Tao's talent is fully developed in the dialectical understanding of the relationship between the two.
Ding You (1657) in the 14th year of Shunzhi, Shi Tao, who was 16 years old, showed his talent in painting. The Flower Book of Landscape Figures was one of the earliest works of Shi Tao's department. One page of this book shows: in the vast river near the mountain, a leaf boat is rippling by waves, and a figure sitting in the boat is reading Li Sao. At the bottom of the picture is an inscription: "Falling wood is cold and autumn is high, and the wave boat reads"