1. If children want to learn classical Chinese, how should they learn it?
If children want to learn classical Chinese, how should they learn it?
It is so important for children to learn classical Chinese. The most recent one is the college entrance examination requirement. More than 50% of the high school textbooks are classical Chinese. It is impossible not to accumulate it from an early age. From a long-term perspective, improving the literacy of ancient Chinese can improve reading and writing skills, better understand and inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and strengthen family relationships.
It is not difficult to answer this question. Think about how children learn vernacular? Without it, I am familiar with you. If you listen to adults every day, you will naturally learn it. The same is true for learning ancient Chinese. If children listen to it every day, they will naturally like it.
I wonder how old your child is? You can buy some ancient Chinese books at home according to the age of your children, such as "Guwen Guanzhi". If your children are young and cannot read independently, you can consider letting them listen to some audio and video content to immerse their ears and eyes. For example, younger children can start with "Three Character Classic" and "Li Weng Duiyun". Stories like Uncle Kai's are more suitable for very young children. For older children who are in school, they can listen to the poems of Mr. Wang from Himalayas and the daily ancient poems written by Yun Shu of Peking University. The contents are all good. 2. How to guide children to learn ancient Chinese
Recently, I have been guiding Chong Chong to learn ancient Chinese. I have some experiences and would like to share with you.
When letting children learn some difficult new knowledge, such as learning ancient Chinese, there are at least two methods:
Method 1: Save trouble.
That is, throw this copy of "The Master Said Poems" to your children and memorize it. If you don't like it and can't memorize it, then you will talk earnestly, quote scriptures, turn it over and over again, and take the trouble to explain the great significance of learning ancient Chinese. If you don't listen, you will scold it. If you don't listen again, you will beat it.
Today’s parents are becoming more and more educated and civilized. There are fewer violent beatings on their children, and they are replaced by other forms of punishment, such as not being allowed to watch TV or being punished for carrying their backs. "Confucius said" 20 times and so on, but the soup is changed without changing the medicine. The form has changed, but the essence has not changed.
Method 2: Tiring method.
Ancient prose, to put it bluntly, is just what people in ancient times said with their pens (literal language). Some are lively and miraculous, and some are clumsy and boring. Which one do we like? ? it goes without saying.
The second step, okay, let’s look for lively and magical ancient texts.
Find a beautifully printed edition with pictures, texts, and prints, and buy it.
The third step is to buy the book, which is colorful and attractive with attractive illustrations, but do not let the child read it. Read it yourself first to whet his appetite.
As expected, these books are weird and very interesting. They are more interesting than "the people born from heaven are all born with benevolence, justice, propriety and wisdom. However, their temperaments and talents may not be the same, so they cannot all have them." "To know everything about its nature and complete it" is much more interesting and enjoyable to read.
The fourth step, when the child is really a little impatient, read it with him, pick a short paragraph that is easier to understand, and tell it to him vividly sentence by sentence.
(Don’t forget: you are telling stories about gods and monsters, not teaching ancient Chinese. Don’t be like an old scholar and give your children dry literal translations. Telling stories must be interesting and interactive. If you want to talk about laughter, it should be like this whether you tell stories written by ancient people or people today)
Isn’t it interesting? interesting. Does it sound good? Nice to hear. Well, if you have nothing to do, tell your child. The purpose: to make children completely fall in love with these books, rather than "falling in love with classical Chinese"; if children like these books, they will read them, and by reading, they are learning classical Chinese. Saving the country through curves will lead to failure.
The fifth step is to wait for the children to like these books, then in turn, let the children tell you the stories in them.
At the beginning, the child may be stumbling when speaking, but that’s okay. It’s probably just fine. A child who has never read ancient Chinese can speak like this. It’s great, very comforting, very happy, and encouraging!
There is no need to be too strict. There is no need to be too strict about the ancient Chinese grammar and the meaning of each word. Children can understand the general idea and explain it in detail. That's right, the most important thing is that you like to read and speak. If you like to read and speak, as time goes by, you will gradually understand the grammar and word meanings.
Step six, don’t worry, just read it yourself. If you don’t understand, there is a dictionary or the Internet, so you can look it up yourself.
This method of teaching children to learn ancient Chinese is more tiring for adults, but children like it. Chongchong now prefers "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and "Sou Shen Ji" and loves to read them. I believe that as long as he can understand these books, his ability to read ancient Chinese will be relatively good, and it should be easy to read other books in the future. If so, just be tired.
In this case, why not start from the children’s interests and give them some interesting ancient prose for them to read, so that they can fall in love with ancient prose? The goal is clear and the method is flexible. Why do we have to stick to the Four Books and Five Classics? Of course, it would also be good if reading the Four Books and Five Classics can make children like classical literature.
In the education of children, start from interest, proceed step by step, "moisten things quietly", and do not be dogmatic or rigid in other matters.
As the saying goes, "Those who are good at teaching will guide them because of their influence." Those who are good are not as good as those who are happy." That's right. 3. Children don’t like classical Chinese. As a parent, you need to know whether your child is learning classical Chinese.
If you study a hundred articles and recite fifty, you will be able to read the Four Books and Five Classics and write some simple classical Chinese essays.
It is normal for children not to like learning. If they don’t understand the meaning after reading it, they will have no motivation. Once they understand the meaning, it seems that even adults can’t do it, and they don’t have the confidence themselves, so it is difficult to teach. Therefore, it is very important for parents to teach by example. Reading Buddhist scriptures is different from Confucian books. When reading Buddhist scriptures, there is no need to explain the meaning. The meaning of the scriptures is endless. If children want to know, they can simply explain it, but don’t focus on understanding. The biggest benefit of reading scriptures is Cultivate concentration. Don't think about the meaning when reading and reciting. Having concentration is the most important. Only with concentration can you develop great wisdom.
This is the most fundamental meaning of reading the Bible. Thinking without thinking, thinking without thinking, with this kind of concentration, you can learn all knowledge, never forget it, and understand deeply.
Read one sutra and take root. The root will be deep. One sutra every three years and you will benefit from Amitabha Buddha throughout your life! ! . 4. How to guide children to learn ancient Chinese
Recently, I have been guiding Chong Chong to learn ancient Chinese. I have some experiences and would like to share with you.
When letting children learn some new knowledge that is more difficult, such as learning ancient Chinese, there are at least two methods: Method 1: The trouble-free method. That is, throw this copy of "The Master Said Poems" to your children and memorize it.
If you don’t like it and can’t memorize it, then you should talk earnestly, quote scriptures, turn it over and over again, and take the trouble to explain the great significance of learning ancient Chinese. If you don’t listen, you will scold them. If you don’t listen again, you will beat them. Today's parents are becoming more and more educated and civilized. There are fewer violent beatings of their children. Instead, other forms of punishment are used, such as not being allowed to watch TV, and reciting "Zi Yue" 20 times as punishment, etc. Wait, but the soup is changed but the medicine is not changed. The form has changed, but the essence has not changed.
Method 2: Tiring method. Ancient prose, to put it bluntly, is just what people in ancient times said with their pens (written language). Some are lively and miraculous, and some are clumsy, dull and dull. Which kind do we like? it goes without saying.
The second step, okay, let’s look for lively and magical ancient texts. Find a beautifully printed edition with pictures and text, and buy it.
The third step is to buy the book, which is colorful and colorful, with attractive illustrations, but do not let the child read it. Read it yourself first to whet his appetite.
As expected, these books are so weird and interesting. They are more interesting than "all the people born from heaven are not without the nature of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. However, their temperament and endowment may not be the same, so not all of them can have it, and we can know all of their nature." "Quan Zhi Ye" is much more interesting and enjoyable to read.
The fourth step, when the child is really a little impatient, read it with him, pick a short paragraph that is easier to understand, and tell it to him vividly sentence by sentence. (Don’t forget: you are telling stories about gods and monsters, not teaching ancient Chinese. Don’t give your children dry, literal translations like an old scholar. Telling stories must be interesting, interactive, and laugh-out-loud. No matter when you are telling ancient Chinese, This should be true for stories written by people today. )
Interesting, right? interesting. Does it sound good? Nice to hear.
Well, if nothing happens, tell your child. The purpose: to make children completely fall in love with these books, rather than "falling in love with classical Chinese"; if children like these books, they will read them, and by reading, they are learning classical Chinese.
Saving the country through curves will lead to failure. The fifth step is to wait until the child likes these books, then in turn, let the child tell you the stories in them.
At the beginning, the child may be stumbling when speaking, but that’s okay, it’s probably enough. A child who has never read classical Chinese can speak like this. It’s great, very comforting, very happy, and encouraging! There is no need to be too strict. There is no need to be too strict about ancient Chinese grammar and the meaning of each word. It is good if the children can understand the general idea and explain it in detail. If you like it, you will like it. Speaking is the most important thing. If you like to read and talk, as time goes by, you will gradually understand the grammar and meaning of words. Step 6: Don’t worry, just read it yourself. If you don’t understand, you can look it up in a dictionary or on the Internet.
This method of teaching children to learn ancient Chinese is more tiring for adults, but children like it. Chongchong now prefers "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and "Sou Shen Ji" and loves to read them. I believe that as long as he can understand these books, his ability to read ancient Chinese will be relatively good, and it should be easy to read other books in the future.
If so, just be tired if you are tired. In this case, why not start from the children's interests and give them some interesting ancient prose for them to read, so that they can fall in love with ancient prose? The goals are clear and the methods are flexible. Why do we have to stick to the Four Books and Five Classics? Of course, it would also be good if reading the Four Books and Five Classics can make children like classical literature.
In the education of children, start from interest, proceed step by step, "moisten things quietly", and do not be dogmatic or rigid in other matters. As the saying goes, "Those who are good at teaching will guide them because of their power." "The one who enjoys happiness" is right. 5. How to help students understand classical Chinese
The Chinese syllabus points out that "can understand the meaning of common words in simple classical Chinese and translate sentences in simple classical Chinese."
This shows the importance of basic teaching work such as understanding word meanings and translating sentences in ancient Chinese teaching. However, when students are doing classical Chinese essays, they can still do some multiple-choice questions, but when they encounter translation questions, it is difficult to grasp them. So is classical Chinese translation really difficult? In fact, as long as you master the method, you will definitely be able to do better.
As a teacher, you can guide students to start from the following aspects: 1. Through recitation, the overall perception is that the ancients paid attention to rhythm and rhyme when writing articles. Therefore, classical Chinese articles mostly have parallel sentences, a combination of parallel and prose, long and short sentences interlaced, and the rhythm is well-proportioned. Many of the articles are catchy and very suitable for reading aloud and reciting. The first task in learning classical Chinese is to read the text thoroughly.
Only in this way can we effectively accumulate language materials and form a sense of language. "Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will become apparent to you." Only by reading more, familiarizing yourself, and experiencing it repeatedly during reading can you understand it.
Furthermore, classical Chinese is relatively divorced from real life, and its pronunciation, sentence pronunciation, and grammatical structure are different from those of modern times, which makes it even more necessary to recite it repeatedly, that is, it must be read aloud every time. But when reciting, you should pay attention to the pronunciation of the characters, especially the different pronunciation characters and the false characters.
For example, in "The Theory of Horses", "Those who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles to eat." Both "food" mean "feeding". As a verb, it should be pronounced as "sì", and " "One meal or one millet or one stone", the "food" in it means "meal, meal". When used as a quantifier, it should be pronounced as "shí". Identifying different pronunciation words and common characters provides information for correctly pronouncing the pronunciation of the word, understanding the meaning of the word, and improving the translation ability. Prepare. What needs to be emphasized is that the reading of classical Chinese must be read aloud. On the basis of initial understanding, the understanding of words, sentences, and articles should be gradually deepened through repeated reading until the words, sentences, and articles are thoroughly understood.
There are many ways to read: teachers can read aloud, and when necessary, they can read to help students read the pronunciation of characters and distinguish sentences; students can read aloud collectively or individually to solve puzzles while reading; they can read the whole text. You can also read a few paragraphs or paragraphs, or a few sentences or a certain sentence to deepen your understanding while reading. If the story is strong and has character dialogue, students can be read aloud by role, such as "The Oil Seller" and "Dai Zhen Difficult Teacher"; for simple prose, students can be bold and guide students to read the pronunciation of the characters, read the rhythm, and read the words. Use the tone of voice to read out the author's feelings, and gain insights through repeated readings, such as "Ai Lian Shuo" and "Inscription on the Humble Room".
In order to better motivate students to read, reading competitions can also be held to stimulate students' interest in reading. 2. Master the method through point-and-shoot. The ancients often said, "It is better to teach a child to fish than to teach him to fish."
Teachers should make timely points in the teaching of classical Chinese so that students can master the basic methods of learning classical Chinese. important. Once students master the method, it is like they have the "golden key" to unlock the study of classical Chinese.
(1) Words that do not require translation in the basic method. In classical Chinese, all the names of countries, places, people, officials, emperors, reigns, names of utensils, weights and measures, etc., can be kept intact during translation, because these words generally cannot be translated into modern Chinese.
For example, "Jinxi" and "Fang Zhongyong" are used in the first sentence "Jinxi Min Fang Zhongyong" in "Shang Zhongyong". Single syllables are converted into double syllables.
Classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, while modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words. When translating classical Chinese, many monosyllabic words in the original text are replaced with appropriate bisyllabic words in modern Chinese.
For example, in "Boat", the five monosyllabic words in the sentence "Sui carry the rescue as before" are replaced by the five monosyllabic words of "then", "carry", "save", "like" and "at the beginning" in modern Chinese. a two-syllable word. Ancient and modern synonyms.
Language develops and changes. Due to factors such as social progress and changes in people's understanding, the meanings of many words have gradually changed.
One of the main problems faced in translating classical Chinese is the understanding obstacles caused by the differences in ancient and modern word meanings. When translating classical Chinese, special attention should be paid to words with different meanings in ancient and modern times.
For example, in "The Analects of Confucius", the word "weary" in "study without getting tired" means "satisfaction" here, but today's meaning usually means "hate" or "bored". Tongjiazi.
The reason for the use of Tongqi characters in classical Chinese is that some words did not originally have special characters for them. They just chose a character with the same or similar pronunciation from the existing characters to replace it. Later, I got used to it, and this character also became It is used by it, also called "borrowing". It is somewhat similar to our modern homophones or similar words.
Therefore, when translating, it should not be understood as the original word, but should be understood as the meaning of the pseudo-word. For example, in "The Analects of Confucius" in "Six Principles of Confucius", "Isn't it also possible to speak after learning and practicing it?" "Shuo" refers to "joy", which cannot be understood as the meaning of "speaking", but should be understood as "happy, happy".
Supplement omitted ingredients. Elliptical sentences are a grammatical phenomenon that exists in both ancient and modern Chinese, but they are more common and more complex in ancient Chinese.
When reading classical Chinese, you must understand it in conjunction with the context and complete the omitted elements. For example, in "Xing Shang Kuan" in "Boat", the subject "on the boat" is omitted before this sentence, and it should be completed during translation.
Delete function words that have no real meaning.
In classical Chinese, some words only represent pauses, make-shift syllables, or particles that play a modal role, or function words that play a connecting role. They have no real meaning. Although they are indispensable in the original text, in translation, because there are no equivalent words It can be used to express it, but should be deleted and not translated.
For example, "ye" in the sentence "I have heard about it for a long time" in "Shang Zhongyong" is a particle of tone, which plays the role of soothing the tone. It has no real meaning and should be deleted during translation. Add appropriate content.
The language of classical Chinese is very concise. When translating, sometimes some content must be added for the sake of coherence and smoothness of the text or to conform to modern Chinese habits, so that it can read smoothly and completely.
For example, "This is a humble house, but I have a virtuous chime" in "Inscription on a Humble House". If the corresponding translation is "This is a humble house, as long as I am of high moral character", the meaning will not be complete and smooth. What follows "It won't feel crude" should be added to make it smooth and complete. Parts of speech inflection.
The phenomenon of conjugating parts of speech in ancient Chinese is very common. The conjugation of parts of speech includes nouns used as verbs, nouns used as adjectives, verbs used as nouns, adjectives used as verbs, and numerals used as verbs and causative and conative actions. , passive usage, etc. For example, the "difficulty" in "Xin Zou Di Di" in "Boat" is an adjective conjugated into a connotation, which is interpreted to mean "feeling embarrassed".
Reverse word order. In ancient Chinese, inversion sentences are very common and mainly have a subject. 6. Classical Chinese is too difficult, how can we help children learn classical Chinese well?
To be honest, it is a bit late to train children in the second grade of junior high school. Generally speaking, children should be exposed to and read more classical Chinese articles or classics before they are 12 years old (children may read them temporarily I don’t understand, but believe me, children will become interested in those gorgeous poems and think they are awesome. They may not understand everything, but first form an impression.) Then when the children are exposed to the texts with real meaning in school, you will find that the children will have It's not difficult to understand this qualitative leap, it's easy to grasp. (The original poster’s personal experience)
Now, it is recommended that parents cultivate his interest in reading. There are some good novels on the Internet, and the authors have high literary quality. In reality, you can read more works by famous people at home and abroad. Literature is connected. It does not mean that you will not be able to learn modern classical Chinese well. Don't be anxious and guide slowly. Adolescent children will be more thoughtful. At this time, don't preach that Chinese is difficult and that they won't be able to learn it well. This is a potential hint that they won't work hard if they could learn well.