Mind maps are very popular in learning and in daily life, especially among teachers and students. Below I have carefully compiled the mind map of the first volume of history for seventh grade for your reference. I hope you like it! The mind map of the first volume of history for seventh grade. Review materials for the first volume of seventh grade history
History knowledge points in the first unit of the first volume of junior high school Later it developed into the Huaxia ethnic group and became the predecessor of the Han ethnic group. 2. Emperor Yan: named Shennong, he taught people farming and was the founder of agricultural production. ?Taste the herbs? Find herbs for people to cure their diseases. 1. Ancient residents of my country
1. The earliest known human beings in my country are the Yuanmou people in Yunnan, about 1.7 million years ago.
2. People in Beijing lived about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago and were the first to use natural fire.
3. my country is the first country in the world to cultivate rice and millet. The Hemudu people living in the Yangtze River Basin more than 7,000 years ago have cultivated rice, and the Banpo people living in the Yellow River Basin more than 5,000 years ago have cultivated rice. The earliest millet and vegetables in the world.
Understand the basic information of Hemudu Site and Banpo Site
Hemudu Site:
The Hemudu settlement about 7,000 years ago is located in Hemudu Village, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, on the Yangtze River Representatives of clan settlements in the river basin. The residents there commonly used ground stone tools and also made tools from animal bones. my country is one of the first countries in the world to grow rice. Hemudu residents mainly grow rice and also raise pigs, dogs, buffaloes and other livestock.
The houses in the Hemudu settlement are stilt-style, and stilt-style buildings have always been one of the main architectural forms in the Jiangnan area.
Banpo Ruins:
The Banpo settlement about 6,000 years ago is located in Banpo Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi.
There are many round houses or small square houses built around the site, which are the residences of clan members. my country is one of the first countries in the world to cultivate millet. Banpo residents raise pigs, dogs and other livestock, and also hunt and fish. Ground stone tools were commonly used.
Pottery was the main utensil in people’s daily life at that time. A large number of pottery has been unearthed. The background color of the pottery is generally red, and the patterns of people, animals and geometric patterns are often painted on it, which is called painted pottery.
2. Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou Slavery Dynasties
1. Around the 21st century BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, the first slave dynasty in my country. This shows that the hereditary system of the throne replaced the abdication system (the method of selecting the leader of the tribal alliance through election is called abdication system).
Our country’s primitive society ended in the Yu period.
2. Around the 16th century BC, Tang destroyed Xia and established the Shang Dynasty. During the Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin and stabilized his rule.
3. The Simuwu Ding made in the Shang Dynasty is the largest bronze ware discovered in the world. (Remember the picture of Simuwu Ding on page 22 of the familiar book) The Siyang Fangzun unearthed in Ningxiang, Hunan is a fine product among bronzes.
4. Around the 11th century BC, King Wu of Zhou sent troops to destroy the Shang Dynasty and established the Western Zhou Dynasty.
P24 5. The feudal system was implemented in the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the feudal system began to collapse. During the Warring States Period, the feudal system was gradually replaced by the county system. The Qin Dynasty implemented a centralized system. The Tang Dynasty had three provinces and six ministries. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, and Shangshu Province were the highest governing bodies of the central government. The central and local institutions of the Yuan Dynasty: The central government implemented a one-province system: the Yuan Dynasty abolished the three provinces and established the Zhongshu Province as the highest administrative agency, the Privy Council as the highest military agency, and the Xuanzheng Yuan to direct religious affairs and govern Tibet; local implementation Provincial system: Except for Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong, which are directly managed by Zhongshu Province, there are local Xingzhongshu Provinces, referred to as provinces.
3. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period (Eastern Zhou Dynasty)
The Spring and Autumn Period was the period of disintegration of slave society, and the Warring States Period was the period of formation of feudal society.
1. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Spring and Autumn Period began in 770 BC and ended in 476 BC. The Warring States Period lasted from 475 BC to 221 BC.
2. The first prince to dominate during the Spring and Autumn Period was Duke Huan of Qi. He appointed Guan Zhong as prime minister, reformed the internal affairs, and made the country increasingly powerful.
The last overlord was King Goujian of Yue. The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period refer to Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin (the battle between Jin and Chu that determined Duke Wen of Jin to become the overlord of the Central Plains was the Battle of Chengpu), King Zhuang of Chu, King Helu of Wu, and King Goujian of Yue.
3. The main vassal states during the Warring States Period were Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Han, known in history as the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period" (the location of each major vassal state: Northern Yan, Southern Chu, and Western Qin Dong Qi, top, middle and bottom are Zhao, Wei and Han). Zhao, Wei, and Han were split from the Jin Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period.
4. The Qin State became the most powerful country among the seven heroes of the Warring States Period. The main reason was the implementation of Shang Yang’s Reform. During the Warring States Period, the westernmost prince was the Qin State.
5. my country’s earliest music education system was formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The earliest period when iron farm tools appeared was the Spring and Autumn Period.
6. During the Warring States Period, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project built under the leadership of Li Bing of the Qin State was a famous water conservancy project. It turned the Chengdu Plain into a place where floods and droughts only affect people, but there is no famine. It is known as the "Land of Abundance".
7. The evolution of Chinese characters (oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, small seal script, and official script): Chinese characters originated from oracle bone inscriptions. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the characters engraved on bronze vessels were called bronze inscriptions, also known as bell and tripod inscriptions. Sculpture art has developed to a very high level during the Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty. The written history of our country begins with the Shang Dynasty.
8. The founder of the Taoist school is Laozi (Li Er), whose simple dialectical thoughts are reflected in the Tao Te Ching; Zhuangzi is the successor of the Taoist school during the Warring States Period.
9. The founder of the Confucian school is Confucius (Confucius). He compiled the "Book of Songs" and compiled the "Spring and Autumn Annals", and his words and deeds were recorded in the "Analects of Confucius"; Mencius during the Warring States Period was a Confucian scholar. They advocate the implementation of "benevolent government", believe that "the people are valued and the emperor is despised", and oppose the continuous annexation wars for years (don't overfish and turtle, and go into the mountains and cut trees according to the season, so that natural resources can be continuously used) .
10. The founder of the Mohist school was Mozi. He advocated "universal love", "non-aggression", and opposed unjust wars.
11. The representative figure of Legalism is Han Fei. He advocates concentrating power in the hands of the monarch, carrying out reforms according to practical needs, and ruling the country by law.
12. Sun Wu was an outstanding military strategist of the Qi State in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and wrote the book "Sun Tzu's Art of War"; Sun Bin, an outstanding military strategist during the Warring States Period, wrote "Sun Bin's Art of War".
13. During the Warring States Period, many thinkers put forward different views on social changes, wrote books, and publicized their own ideas, forming a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending."
IV. Qin and Han Dynasties
1. In 221 BC, King Yingzheng of Qin (the First Emperor) destroyed the six kingdoms and established the first unified feudal dynasty in Chinese history? Qin, It ended the separatist situation during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. (Book P57 Statue of Qin Shihuang)
2. The Qin Dynasty stipulated that the national standard character was Xiaozhuan, and the currency used uniformly across the country was round square hole money. The Qin Wanli Great Wall starts from Lintao in the west and ends in Liaoning in the east.
3. In 209 BC, the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out in Daze Township. This was the first peasant uprising in Chinese history. In 206 BC, the Qin Dynasty fell.
4. In 202 BC, Liu Bang (the emperor of the Han Dynasty) established the Western Han Dynasty and made Chang'an the capital.
5. P67 In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty implemented a policy of recuperation and recuperation. The two generations of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing continued to implement the policy of rest and recuperation, attached great importance to the development of agriculture, lightened corvee and reduced taxes, reduced penalties, and advocated frugality. The society was relatively stable, and the economy developed rapidly, resulting in the rule of Wen and Jing. The implementation of the policy of recuperation promoted the recovery and development of the Western Han Dynasty's economy and laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Western Han Dynasty.
6. A series of political and economic measures implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty contributed to the emergence of a unified situation. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty captured the Hetao and Hexi Corridor areas from the Xiongnu.
7. The famous scholar who proposed to depose all schools of thought (referring to all schools of thought except Confucianism) and only respect Confucianism was Dong Zhongshu in the Western Han Dynasty.
8. In 25 AD, Liu Xiu (Emperor Guangwu) established the Eastern Han Dynasty and established its capital in Luoyang. During Liu Xiu's reign, the political situation gradually became stable, the economic situation improved significantly, and the national power became increasingly powerful. It was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" in history.
9. The sowing tool in the Western Han Dynasty was the columbine; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new type of irrigation tool was the rollover; Du Shi in the Eastern Han Dynasty invented the water drainage system and used hydraulic drums to smelt iron, which was more than 1,000 years earlier than in Europe.
10. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the leader of the Xiongnu, Maodun Chanyu, established a unified slave-making military regime on the Mongolian grasslands, achieving the unification of the nomadic peoples in northern China for the first time.
11. In 119 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to attack the Xiongnu in the north.
12. During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty sent Wang Qiang (Wang Zhaojun) out of the country to marry Hu Hanxie Chanyu, the leader of the Huns, thus strengthening the relationship between Han and Huns.
In 138 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions in order to unite the Dayue clan in the Western Regions to attack the Xiongnu. In 119 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian on his second mission to the Western Regions.
13. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian was sent as an envoy to the Western Regions twice. In 60 BC, the Western Han government set up the Western Region Protectorate symbol in the Western Regions, marking the beginning of the official transfer of the Xinjiang region to the central government today. In 73 AD, the Eastern Han Dynasty government sent Ban Chao as an envoy to the Western Regions. Ban Chao operated in the Western Regions for 30 years, helping all the ethnic groups in the Western Regions to get rid of the enslavement of the Xiongnu, and restoring and strengthening the connection between the Western Regions and the mainland.
14. The famous Silk Road in history started from Chang'an and went west, passing through the Hexi Corridor in Gansu and today's Xinjiang region, reaching as far as Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and even countries on the east coast of the Mediterranean and Southern Europe. , North Africa and other places. The greatest contribution to the opening of the Silk Road was Zhang Qian, the envoy from the Western Regions.
15. p87 "Zhou Bi Suan Jing" written in the Western Han Dynasty and "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" in the Eastern Han Dynasty are famous mathematical works that have had a considerable impact on the development of ancient mathematics in the world
16. p89 Famous medical scientists during the Eastern Han Dynasty included Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo. The famous medical treatise "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" written by Zhang Zhongjing was regarded as a medical classic by future generations, and Zhang Zhongjing was honored as the "Sage of Medicine". Hua Tuo created the anesthetic "Ma Fei San". He was the first doctor in the world to use general anesthesia for surgery. He was honored as the originator of surgery by later generations. He also made up the "Five Animals Opera" for physical exercise.
17. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved papermaking and played an immeasurable role in the spread and development of human culture. Zhang Heng invented a seismograph that could measure earthquakes.
18. Buddhism originated in ancient India and was introduced to the Central Plains of my country in the late Western Han Dynasty; Taoism was a religion that emerged in my country during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
19. "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian, an outstanding historian of the Western Han Dynasty, is an immortal historical masterpiece. It narrates more than 3,000 years of history from the Yellow Emperor to the Han Dynasty Emperor Wu. "Historical Records" is the first historical work in our country. General history of the ministry. What is not recorded in "Historical Records" is Ban Chao.
20. The silk paintings unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha are ancient Chinese art treasures. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses from Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum are the largest art treasure trove unearthed in the world so far and are outstanding representatives of sculpture art in the Qin and Han Dynasties.
5. Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties
1. The Battle of Guandu was the battle that laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north by winning with a small number. In 208, Cao Cao led his army south and fought a decisive battle with the coalition forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. He returned with a great defeat. This is known as the Battle of Chibi in history. This battle laid the foundation for the formation of the Three Kingdoms.
2. In 220, Cao Pi established the Kingdom of Wei, with its capital in Luoyang; in 221, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu and founded the country, which was known as Shuhan in history; in 222, Sun Quan became king, named his country Wu, and established his capital Industry. The situation of the Three Kingdoms was formed. (Memorize the positions and capitals of Wei, Shu, and Wu in the Three Kingdoms diagram)
3. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, was a famous politician.
4. Grotto art is an outstanding representative of sculpture art. The most accomplished grottoes in the Northern and Southern Dynasties were the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan.
5. In 230, Sun Quan sent Wei Wen to lead a fleet of ten thousand people to Yizhou, which strengthened the connection between Yizhou and the mainland.
6. In 265, Sima Yan established the Western Jin Dynasty and made Luoyang its capital; in 280, the Western Jin Dynasty unified the country and ended the division since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty; in 316, the Xiongnu leader Liu Yuan led his troops to invade Luoyang. The Western Jin Dynasty perished.
7. In 317 AD, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty and made its capital Jiankang; in 383 AD, Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty led his army south to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the Battle of Feishui, the Eastern Jin Dynasty army defeated the former Qin Dynasty with a small number and a large number. Qin army.
8. The four political regimes of the Southern Dynasties were Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen, and their capitals were all in Jiankang.
9. During the Southern Dynasties, Yangzhou and Jingzhou were the places producing the most silk fabrics in the south of the Yangtze River. Important commercial cities such as Jiankang and Jiangling emerged. Panyu (now Guangzhou) became an overseas trade center.
10. During the Eastern Han, Wei, and Jin periods, northern minorities migrated south in large numbers, promoting the economic development of Jiangnan. The vast majority of the Shanyue people in Wu State moved from the mountainous areas to the plains and worked with the Han people to develop the south of the Yangtze River. Agriculture has developed, but it is still not as good as in the north. The main ethnic minorities include the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, and Qiang (5)
11. The five political regimes of the Northern Dynasties are the Northern Wei, the Eastern Wei, the Western Wei, the Northern Qi, and the Northern Zhou.
12. The Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty and other dynasties all established their capitals in Luoyang.
13. During the Southern Dynasties, Zu Chongzhi, an outstanding mathematician in ancient my country, was the first scientist in the world to accurately calculate the value of pi to seven decimal places, 1,100 years earlier than in Europe. His book is "Zhushu"
14. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jia Sixie, a famous agriculturist in ancient my country, wrote "Qi Min Yaoshu", which is the earliest and most complete agricultural book in my country. .
15. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan was an outstanding geographer in ancient my country. His comprehensive geographical work was "Shui Jing Zhu".
16. Chinese calligraphy has gradually become a specialized art since the Eastern Han Dynasty: Zhongyao of Cao Wei founded regular script; Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was revered as the "Sage of Calligraphy", and his representative work is "Lanting Preface". The book has the reputation of being the best cursive calligraphy in the world. P122
17. The representative works of Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, include "Pictures of Admonitions of Women's History" and "Pictures of Luo Shen Fu". ?
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