After two long days of reading and returning to dreams, there is only an empty bed against Suqiu. There are moss and mangroves under the steps, and the moon is sad in the rain. ——Tang Dynasty·Li Shangyin's "Duanju" Duanju The distant book returns to the dream for a long time, only the empty bed is the enemy of Suqiu.
There are moss and mangroves under the steps, falling in the rain and melancholy in the moonlight. Homesickness Translation and Notes
Translation
I haven’t received letters from my beloved wife from afar for a long time. I can’t get any news from my family. I can only return to my hometown in my sleep to relieve my homesickness. But after waking up in the middle of the night, I suddenly realized that it had been a long time since we parted. Looking around, I saw only empty beds facing the lonely and cold autumn night, and I couldn't help but feel desolate.
Living alone in a foreign land, few people come and go on weekdays. The front steps are covered with moss. The greenery and autumn red leaves become dim and blurred under the misty rain and hazy night moon. The sadness of the rainy night. How can the coldness and desolation of the moonlight compare with the grinding pain of homesickness? Appreciation
This is the work of the author who was stranded in a foreign land and missed his wife. The title "Duanju" means to live leisurely.
The poet has been away from his hometown and relatives for a long time. A letter from my wife from afar is a comfort to my lonely life in a foreign land, but I haven’t seen any trace of it for a long time. On this lonely autumn night, the feeling of emptiness without any messages from family members became so strong that the soul bitten by loneliness naturally wanted to seek comfort from "returning to dreams". Even if we get together briefly in dreams, we can always comfort our lovesickness. But "It's hard to dream of returning home after a long journey" (Li Yu's "Qing Ping Le"). When I woke up, it turned out that it had been years since we were separated, and my soul had never fallen asleep. "The distant book returns to the dream" is the long sigh emanating from the depths of the poet's soul when the poet's longing for the distant book has not come and the search for the distant dream has failed. The word "youyou" not only vividly shows the difficult period of writing a distant letter and returning to a dream, but also vividly expresses the feeling of loss when both hopes fail. The mountains and rivers separating the two sides, as well as the years of time and space separated them, are also hidden in the words.
The second sentence describes the feeling of loneliness and coldness after waking up at night. The word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere in which the "empty bed" and Su Qiu are silently facing each other, but also shows that the person sleeping alone in the empty bed cannot bear the cold and desolate situation of "Su Qiu", expressing the indescribable sadness. Su Qiu, It is the synonym for autumn, but its suggestive colors are quite rich. It reminds people of the white and cold autumn frost, the clear and cold autumn water, and all the autumn scenery that exudes a bleak and cold atmosphere. For the guests who are lonely in a foreign land and "return to their dreams after reading far away books", this cold "Autumn" is not only a catalyst for melancholy, but also an unbearable burden on the soul without comfort. Pressure. However, the only thing the poet can use to "enemy" it is an empty bed. Feng Hao's "Notes on Yuxisheng's Poems" in the Qing Dynasty quoted Yang Shouzhi as saying: "The word 'enemy' is dangerous but stable." "This comment is very precise. A relatively stable and clear word "pair" could have been used here. But "pair" only expresses the loneliness and coldness of the "empty bed" and "plain autumn" silently facing each other, which is biased towards objective description. "Enemy" not only means "right", but also means that a person sleeping alone in an empty bed cannot bear the desolate and cold mood of "Suqiu", but has to endure the indescribable depth of his soul. The desolation, the feeling of desolation and chilling, is more of a subjective mental state. If you compare it with Li Yu's "Luo Jian Can't Bear the Cold at Night" ("Lang Tao Sha"), you can find the word "enemy" here. Although the play is harder and more dangerous, the first reading seems to be revealing, but after careful reading, I feel that it is much more profound and meaningful than "impatience" in describing the subjective feelings given by the objective environment, and it itself is also It is accurate and appropriate. This is different from those who focus on carving out words and sentences. ) Qinyang, born in Xingyang, Zhengzhou. He is good at poetry writing and has high literary value in parallel prose. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Together with Du Mu, he is called "Xiao Li Du" and together with Wen Tingyun, he is called "Wen Li". Because the style of poetry is similar to that of Duan Chengshi and Wen Tingyun of the same period, and all three of them were ranked sixteenth in the family, they are also called "Thirty-sixth Style". Their poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially in poetry. Some love poems and untitled poems are sentimental, beautiful and moving, and are widely read. However, some poems are too obscure and difficult to understand. There is a saying that "poets always love Xikun and hate that no one writes Zheng Jian." Because he was caught in the partisan struggle between Niu and Li, he was very frustrated in his life.
After his death, he was buried in his hometown Qinyang (now the junction of Qinyang and Boai County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). The works are included in "Li Yishan's Collected Poems".
Li Shangyin
Horses are fat in the high garden of Qiu Qiu, and the clouds fly away with the song of mourning. The children of Nandu should miss each other. After all the expeditions, they still haven't returned. ——Cao Yuanyong of the Yuan Dynasty "Recalling Wenshui on the Fortress"
Recalling Wenshui on the Fortress The horses in the high garden of Qiu Qiu are fat, and the clouds are flying with the song of mourning.
The children of Nandu should miss each other. After all the expeditions, they still haven’t returned. In autumn, there were so many beauties in the Han Palace who were homesick for their homes at the frontier fortress, among them there was one named Zhaojun. He is born with the beauty of a country and a city, and the quality of his jade is unique and outstanding. It has been many years since I came to Ye Ting, and I fell asleep alone because of hearing leaks from my uterus. The poor and beautiful women were left alone, and the Emperor of the Han Dynasty did not distinguish between beauties and beauties. It's not that the king is lustful, but the beautiful women are like weaving around his side. Even though the phoenix is ??upside down, I have seen all the beautiful things and still haven't found them. Fortunately, there are no survivors of the beautiful woman, and the nine-level selection of beauty is quite strange. Don't worry about the personal selection of Longmu, and distinguish the beauty from the painter. Height, beauty, ugliness, thinness and fatness all depend on the stroke of the artist's pen. In ancient times, horses were found based on pictures, but now the emperor looks for his concubines based on pictures. Fendai wanted to be favored by the king, but she bribed the painter with thousands of gold coins. No matter how much money you have, you can have as much beauty as you want. If you don’t have money, you will never receive your kindness. Qun'e often bathes in the royal wind, only Zhaojun encounters poverty. Relying on his unrivaled talent and beauty, he is willing to destroy the artist! On the first day of the new moon, the snow was falling, and Chanyu rode his horse to the west of Beijing. Because I heard that there were many beauties in Hanque, I wanted to ask for one of them to be my wife. The Han Emperor nodded hurriedly when he heard this. The policy of peace and marriage has been around for a long time. I just want temporary peace in the frontier fortress, and I am willing to offer my wife to the Shanyu. The imperial edict presented a picture of a beautiful woman, and the royal pen ordered the beautiful women according to the picture. It was hard to let go of the beauty in the palace, so she chose mediocre beauty to marry Bei Hu. The palace maid was appointed to the palace, and Zhaojun was named Wang Qiang. The red sleeves fluttered up and down, and the four walls suddenly glowed with light. The slender steps on the waves seem to stop, and the fragrance is blown by the wind. The bones are like Qiong Yao, the muscles are like ice, and the bright eyes are like autumn water. The whole house was filled with astonishment at the young age, and the Han Emperor sighed blankly. The mediocre posture in the painting is stunning, but what is the emotion behind it? Since it is difficult to change your words, you can bear to send your beauty back to Hanhai. Zhaojun secretly compared the concubines, and the three thousand beauties were without luster. I bid farewell to the king with tears in my eyes, and my humble concubine bids farewell to her hometown from now on. There is no need to fill the court with virtuous generals and ministers, and the eyebrows are for the country's peace and frontier. It is better for me to marry thousands of miles away than to die alone in a deep palace. There are still people in the palace who are like flowers, and the life of the painter is like paper. I hope you will not cherish the humble body of your concubine, but cherish your loyal and loyal ministers. But if you have talented people and good generals, why use beautiful women to guard the border! I pity the heroes who have no dust and live up to their talents. How can you submit to the powerful? Come back singing generously! Stunning women are often jealous of witches, and talented people are often misled by traitors. It is ordinary to live in a foreign land, but how many heroes have sadly lost their way! When the iron horse and uniform are out of the fortress, don't worry about your body being like wadding in the wind. Since there are no people here, there are places for people in other places! Walking through the vast desert sands, I only have a pipa with me. I know it’s hard to come back from this trip, there’s no place in the world that I don’t call home! The sky is filled with yellow mist, the sky is dark, and the sky is covered with snow. Black clouds are blowing on the ground, and the wind is smelly. The grass on the plateau is white for thousands of miles, and the thousand-year-old tombs in the desert are only green. It is really sad to write Zhaojun's words for no reason, and the red powder is falling. The heroes of all ages sigh together, the sadness is more than just an eyebrow! ——Southern and Northern Dynasties · Shen Yue's "Zhaojun Ci"
Zhaojun Ci
Southern and Northern Dynasties: Shen Yue Read more ∨ There are so many beauties in the Han Palace, and one of them is named Zhaojun.
Born with a beauty that will captivate a country, the quality of jade is unique and outstanding.
I have been coming to Yeting for many years, and I fell asleep alone because of the uterine leakage.
It is pitiful and beautiful to be abandoned easily. The Emperor of Han Dynasty did not distinguish between beauties and beauties.
Unless the king is lustful, beauties are wrapped around his side like a weave.
The phoenix has been turned upside down and the phoenix has been in the sky for a long time. I have seen all the beauty and still haven't found it.
Fortunately, there are no survivors of the beautiful woman, and the nine-level beauty pageant is quite strange.
Don’t worry about the personal selection of Longmu, and distinguish the beauty from the painter.
The height, beauty, ugliness, thinness and fatness all depend on the stroke of the artist’s pen.
In ancient times, horses were found based on pictures, but now the emperor uses pictures to find his concubines.
Fendai wanted to be favored by the king, but she bribed the painter with a lot of gold.
As much beauty as you have money, you will never receive your kindness if you don’t have money.
Qun'e often bathes in the royal wind, only Zhaojun encounters poverty.
Relying on his unparalleled talent and beauty, he is willing to destroy the painter!
On the first day of the lunar month, the snow was falling, and Chanyu rode his horse to the west of Beijing.
Because I heard that there were many beauties in Hanque, I wanted to ask for one of them to marry me.
The Han Emperor nodded hurriedly when he heard this. The policy of peace and marriage has been around for a long time.
I just want temporary peace in the border fortress, and I am willing to offer my wife to the Shanyu.
The imperial edict presented a picture of a beautiful woman, and the emperor’s pen marked the beauty according to the picture.
It was hard to let go of the beauty in the palace, so I chose the mediocre one to marry Beihu.
The concubine was appointed to the palace, and Zhaojun was named Wang Qiang.
The red sleeves meandered up and down, and the four walls suddenly glowed with light.
The slender steps are smooth and smooth, and the fragrance is blown by the wind.
The bones are like Qiong Yao, the muscles are like ice, and the bright eyes are like autumn water.
The whole house was shocked by the overwhelming youth, and the Han Emperor sighed blankly.
The mediocre postures in the paintings are stunning, but what is the emotion behind them?
Since it is difficult to change your words, you can bear to send your beauty back to Hanhai.
The secret general Zhaojun compared the concubines, and the three thousand beauties were without luster.
With a frown and tears, I bid farewell to the king, and my humble concubine bids farewell to her hometown from now on.
There is no need to fill the court with virtuous generals and ministers, and the eyebrows are the borders of the country.
It is better for me to marry thousands of miles away than to die alone in a deep palace.
There are still beautiful people in the palace, but the life of the painter is like paper.
I hope you will not cherish the insignificance of your concubine, but cherish your loyal and loyal ministers.
But if you have talented generals, why use beautiful women to guard the border!
I pity the hero even more for his lack of dust and his unworthy talent.
How can you submit to the powerful? Come back singing generously!
Stunning women are often jealous of seductresses, and talented people are often misunderstood by traitors.
Living in a foreign land is ordinary, but many heroes have sadly lost their way!
When the iron horse goes out of the fortress in military uniform, don’t worry about your body being like lint in the wind.
Since there are no people here, there are places for people in other places!
Walking through the vast desert sands and rocks, I only have a pipa with me.
I know it’s hard to come back here, there’s no place in the world that I don’t call home!
The sky is filled with yellow fog, the snow is dim, and the black clouds are blowing on the ground, and the wind is smelly.
The grass on the plateau is white for thousands of miles, and the thousand-year-old tombs in the desert are only green.
It is really sad to write Zhaojun's words without any reason.
The heroes of all ages sigh together, and their sadness is more than just an eyebrow! ▲ Chanting history, remembering the past, chronicling travels, writing about homesickness, looking eastward to the mountains and shadows, where is it? Thirteen thousand miles back and forth. The letters written home are full of paper. Shedding tears, the book will be returned next year. Message: The red bridge is under water, when will the boat find its brothers? Traveling all over the world is really old. Worried and sleepless, there are a few wisps of tea smoke on the hair on the temples. ——Lu You, Song Dynasty, "Proud of the Fisherman, Send to Zhonggao"
Proud of the Fisherman, Send to Zhonggao Looking to the east, where is the shadow of the mountain? Thirteen thousand miles back and forth. The letters written home are full of paper. Shedding tears, the book will be returned next year.
A message to the red bridge under the water, when will the boat find its brothers? Traveling all over the world is really old. Worried and sleepless, there are a few wisps of tea smoke on the hair on the temples. Feeling homesick, missing people, expressing feelings