[chì lè gē]
Chile Song
(Folk Songs from the Southern and Northern Dynasties)
"Chile Song" is selected from "Yuefu" "Collected Poems" is a folk song popular in the Northern Dynasties north of the Yellow River during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is generally believed to be translated from Xianbei into Chinese. Folk songs sing about the magnificent and rich scenery of the northern grasslands and express the Chile people's passion for their hometown and life. [1] The first two sentences explain that Chilechuan is located at the foot of the towering Yinshan Mountain, which makes the background of the grassland very majestic. The next two sentences use the metaphor of "Qionglu", saying that the sky is like a yurt, covering all sides of the grassland. This is used to describe the extremely magnificent scene of the sky and the wild connecting the sky and the wild. The last three sentences describe a panoramic view of the grassland with abundant water and grass and fat cattle and sheep. There is stillness and movement, images and colors.
The style of the whole poem is clear and bold, the realm is broad, the tone is majestic, the language is as clear as words, and the artistic summary is very strong. It has been unanimously praised by literary commentators and literary history treatises of all ages. Academic research on it continues to this day.
Title of work
Celege
Era of creation
Southern and Northern Dynasties
Source of work
Collection of Yuefu Poems
Literary Genres
Folk Songs
Contents
1 Original Text
2 Annotated Translation Annotated Translation
3 Creation background
4 Appreciation and evaluation of works Appreciation of works and comments
5 Main differences in academic research research value Research trends
Original text
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Chile Song①Folk Songs of the Northern Dynasties
Chile River②
Cele Song
Yinshan③Part 2 .
The sky is like a dome ④,
covering the four fields ⑤.
The sky is clear ⑥, the fields are vast ⑦,
The wind blows the grass and you can see cattle and sheep ⑧. [1-2]
Annotation Translation
Editing
Annotation
① "Chile Song": Chì lè : Ethnic name, lived in Shuozhou (now northern Shanxi Province) during the Northern Qi Dynasty.
②Chilechuan: Chuan: Pingchuan, plain. The place where the Chile people live is in what is now Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the area from present-day Hetao Plain to Tumochuan River was called Chilechuan. [3]
③Yinshan: In the northern part of today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. [2]
④Qióng lú: A tent made of felt cloth, that is, a yurt. [2]
⑤ Cover four fields (yǎ): cover, there is another version called "cover" (Volume 1 of Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Essays" and the later volume of Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" Volume 31); four fields, all directions of the grassland. [4]
⑥天 Cang Cang: Cang Cang: green. Cang, green, the sky is green, the sky is blue.
⑦Boundless: The appearance of vastness.
⑧See (xiàn): Same as "appear", reveal. [5]
Various version
"The sky is like a dome-shaped house, covering the four fields." Two sentences make one sentence: "The sky is like a dome-shaped house, covering the four fields." (The "Chile Song" can be seen in Volume 146 of Wang Shizhen's "Four Manuscripts of Yanzhou Mountain Man" written in the third year of Wanli (1575))
People who hold this view include Wang Shizhen , Hu Yinglin, Wang Fuzhi, Wang Shizhen. Other historical evidence comes from the "Shuoping Mansion Chronicles" compiled and printed in the 11th year of Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, and the "Shuozhou Chronicles" printed in the 13th year of Yongzheng's reign. [4]
Translation
Translation 1
At the foot of Yin Mountain, there is the great plain where the Chile people live.
The sky over the Chile River is connected to the earth on all four sides.
It looks like a felt tent where herders live.
The grasslands under the blue sky are rolling with green waves.
The wind blows to the lower parts of the grass, and groups of cattle and sheep appear and disappear.
Translation 2
The vast Chile Plain is at the foot of Yinshan Mountain.
The sky is like a huge tent, covering the entire wilderness. The blue sky stretches as far as the eye can see, and the green fields are endless. A gust of wind blew, and the pasture fell low, revealing groups of cattle and sheep grazing. [5]
Creative background
Editor
From the fourth to the sixth century AD, most of northern China was under the rule of Xianbei, Xiongnu and other ethnic minorities. , successively established five regimes, including the Northern Wei, the Northern Qi, and the Northern Zhou, which were called the "Northern Dynasties" in history. Folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are mainly works recorded in Chinese after the Northern Wei Dynasty. These ballads are bold and vigorous in style, straightforward in lyricism, and simple in language, expressing the heroic spirit of the northern people. [5] This folk song "Chile Song" was first recorded in the 86th volume of "Miscellaneous Songs and Ballads" in "Yuefu Poems" compiled by Guo Maoqian of the Song Dynasty. [6] It is generally believed to be a folk song composed by the Chile people. It was produced in the mid-to-late 5th century. [7]
In history books, the first mention of "Chile Song" was "The Benji of Qi", Volume 6 of "History of the North" written by Li Yanshou in the early Tang Dynasty: In 546 AD, Gao Gao, the founding emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty Huan led 100,000 troops from Jinyang south to attack the Western Wei Dynasty's important military town Yubi (southwest of Jishan County in southern Shanxi Province today), and lost 70,000 troops. On the way back to Jinyang, there were rumors in the army that one of the arrows was about to die, and Gao Huan was sick and strong. He held a banquet to meet the minister. In order to boost the morale of the army, he ordered his general Hu Lujin to sing "Chile Song", which made the soldiers nostalgic and boosted the morale of the army. [8]
There have been divergent opinions from all walks of life as to who the author of "Celego" is. Some people think that Hu Lujin is one of the authors, and some even think that the author is Hu Lujin. [6] Some people believe that Hu Lujin is only the earliest known singer, not the author. [7]
Appreciation and evaluation
Editing
Appreciation of the work
This folk song outlines the magnificent and rich scenery of the northern grasslands. It expresses the Chile people's passion for their hometown and life. It has a broad realm, majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic summary. [2]
Huang Donglei's calligraphy "Cele Song"
"Cele River, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain", the poem begins with a high-pitched tone, chanting the natural characteristics of the north. Unobstructed, high and vast. These concise six words, with a majestic style, reveal the powerful character of the Chilean nation.
"The sky is like a dome, covering the four fields." These two sentences come from the above background and express the magnificence of the picture and the magnificence of the sky and fields. At the same time, grasping the most typical characteristics of this national life, the singer sketched a picture of the northern country with a brush like rafters.
"The sky is blue, the fields are vast, and the wind blows the grass, and you can see cattle and sheep." The two sentences "sky" and "wild" follow the previous sentence, and there is a slight overlap in the brushwork, which contains a lyrical mood. . The author uses the form of repeated words to highlight the vastness and vastness of the sky and the green and boundless wilderness. These two sentences show the broad mind and bold character of the nomads. The last sentence of "The wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low" is the highlight of the whole text, depicting a scene of prosperity, prosperity and happiness.
This song has a distinct nomadic color and a rich grassland flavor. [11] From the language to the artistic conception, it can be said to be completely natural. It is straightforward and simple, and its meaning is true and pure. There are no obscure sentences in the language, and it expresses the nomadic people's courageous, heroic and heroic feelings in a clear, concise and hearty way. [12]
Comments on the work
Yuan Haowen, a great poet of the Yuan Dynasty, was a descendant of the Xianbei people. He read "Chile Song" and deeply appreciated it: "The song of generosity is unique. If it is not passed down, a song from Qionglu is natural. The eternal heroic spirit of Zhongzhou also reaches Chilechuan in Yinshan Mountain."[9]
Hu Yinglin in the Ming Dynasty said: "This song was written in Xinkou, and those who cannot write it will do so by accident. It was so simple and wild that the scribes at that time wanted to carve it out and fill their eyes with it." In the 1960s, the "History of Chinese Literature" of the Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said of this poem: "The language is concise and interesting, the whole poem is focused in one breath, and the tone is strong, which is very prominent even in folk songs."
Cao Daoheng and Shen Yucheng's "Literary History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties" also made similar comments: "The language is simple and natural, and the atmosphere is vast and vast, just like a painter's broad strokes. In an instant, a thick-line customs painting outside the Great Wall appears at the bottom of the brush." [13]
Academic research
Editing
Research value
The layout, structure, style and expression of "Celego" There are many characteristics of Jet. But the value of this poem is not only in literature. It is also an example of the mutual influence between national cultures and the integration of northern and southern poetic styles. It is also a historical witness of the transformation of all ethnic groups in China from war and confrontation to reconciliation and integration. It is a unitary subject and a pluralistic pattern of China. Typical cases in the process of cultural formation. Its historical, cultural and even ethnological value is by no means lower than that of literary creation. [13]
Main differences
Author
As for the author of "Celege", there are mainly several opinions: Hu Lujin wrote or Sung by; composed by Hu Luguang, son of Hu Lüjin; composed by Gao Huan; created by folk or collectives and widely sung. [14]
Ethnicity and language
The national attributes and linguistic attributes of "Celege" are related to each other. On this issue, researchers mainly have three understandings: Xianbei or Xianbei language; Chile ethnic group or Chile language (Uyghur folk songs); Mongolian or Mongolian (Taiwan Provincial Primary School "Mandarin" textbook, "National Compilation and Translation Center" Vol. Volume 11, Lesson 13). [13]
Description of region
There are three main views on the nomadic areas described in "Celege": Inner Mongolia; Shanxi; and others. [14]
Research Trends
There are many academic studies on "Celege", involving the song's creative background, time of creation, hometown of creation, lyric author, lyric language, Explanation of lyrics
Scenery of "Cele Song"
Articles, scientific value of the song, geographical outlook of the Chile River, relationship between the song and Dendrobium, the fate of the Chile people, etc. aspect.
Many scholars have conducted useful exploration and research in these aspects, such as: "Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University", Issue 3, 1980, "Journal of Hebei Normal University", Issue 1, 1981, "Xinjiang Society" Science", Issue 4, 1984, "Travel World", Issue 1, 1984, "Walking in the Academic Forest", Issue 10 (1985), "Ethnic Studies", Issue 1, 1986, "Journal of Inner Mongolia University", Issue 2, 1986 , "History Teaching", Issue 7, 1986, "Xinjiang Art", Issue 4, 1987, "Knowledge of Literature and History", Issue 1, 1981 and Issue 2, 1988, "Quest", Issue 4, 1988, "Geographical Knowledge" Issue 5 of 1989, "Northwestern Ethnic Studies" Issue 1 of 1990, "Study of Northern Dynasties" first half of 1991 (the fourth issue in total), "Yinshan Academic Journal" Issue 1 of 1993, "Guangming Daily" 1983 "Literary Heritage" Issue 582, April 12, "Hohhot Evening News", June 30, 1987 (third page) [11], Wang Dajin's "Short Commentary on "Celege"" ("Guangming Daily" April 1983 12th), Liu Xianzhao's "Eternal Song "Cile Song"" ("Literary Review" Issue 6, 1980), Wu Gengshun and Hou Errui "About the Creative Background, Author and Others of "Cile Song"" ("Journal of Hebei Normal University" "Issue 1, 1981), Yong'an "The Treasure of National Integration - About the Origin and Spread of "Celege"" ("Literary Heritage" Issue 6, 1987); Zhou Meng and Feng Yu "Strong, Simple, Frank and Natural ——An Analysis of "Chile Song" ("Puyu Academic Journal" Issue 3, 1989), etc. [4]
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