"overbearing president Dayu" VS drunken fairy Li Bai
Dayu: Alcohol is the disaster of national subjugation, so alcohol should be banned!
Yu was the first son of heaven in Xia Dynasty. His most outstanding achievement is to control water and designate China as Kyushu. He is regarded as a politician and a brilliant great man.
However, this great man is not sensitive to wine. According to the Warring States policy, the emperor's daughter and (Yao's two daughters) dedicated the wine brewed by Yidi to Yu to relieve his grief. This kind of wine is deeply loved by people because of its sweet, refreshing and selfless characteristics. At the banquet, the monarch and the minister enjoyed themselves and made Emperor Yi the "Brewing Officer". However, on the second day of the banquet, Yu was absent from the trial because of a hangover. When a group of ministers waited until late in the morning, Yu regretted it and ordered the prohibition of alcohol.
Dayu is a king with a heavy sense of crisis. A hangover made him thoroughly see the true face of wine. For him, wine is not a paradise, but a disaster, so he predicted that someone would die with wine in the future. From then on, he gave up drinking himself and alienated Yidi, so he was the first monarch in the history of China to ban alcohol.
Li Bai: Heaven and earth love wine, and love wine is worthy of heaven.
In contrast, Li Bai, it is estimated that few people can spell wine better than him (of course, the alcohol content of wine was very low at that time). Drinking while lying down, standing up, drinking with the moon and stars, even in front of the emperor! Throughout the ages, no literati has loved wine as much as Li Bai. His reputation for drinking is unparalleled. He once wrote a poem: "If the sky doesn't love wine, the wine star is not in the sky;" If the land doesn't love wine, there should be no Jiuquan; Heaven and earth love wine and love wine is worthy of heaven. " Li Bai's obsession with wine has reached a state beyond measure. According to the statistics of later generations, Li Bai's poems about wine directly account for 1/4 of his total poems.
It is because of wine that Li Bai's talent can be brought into full play. When seeking official positions, "drunk and tired, princes are light"; When living in seclusion, "two people are opposite, one cup after another"; When you are proud, "three cups of spit promise, five mountains are light"; When frustrated, "the sober and sages of the old days are forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized". It can be said that, to some extent, wine has made Li Bai and has been integrated into his soul.
As Guo Moruo said: "Li Bai was born in wine and died in wine." According to folklore, Li Bai was drunk on the Dangtu River and drowned because he jumped into the water to catch the moon.
Why are the personality characteristics of Dayu and Li Bai completely different?
Different background of the times: turbulent Jiangshan VS prosperous Tang Dynasty
Li Bai was in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, and he was full of "pleasure". There was a strong drinking atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty, and everyone was greedy for drinks. Tang people are addicted to alcohol, especially poets. It can be said that alcohol has become the basic condition for their creation. Looking through the whole Tang poetry, we can find that there are more than 12000 poems directly related to wine, accounting for about 22% of the total Tang poetry.
The wine-making technology in the Tang Dynasty was advanced, and many emperors encouraged drinking and even participated in wine-making personally. Emperor Taizong once brewed a kind of green wine with strong aroma and taste. However, Tang Xuanzong believed that drunkenness could cultivate morality. He once hosted a Qujiang banquet in Tianbao years, and everyone in Chang 'an could attend. Scholars "pour 300 cups a day for 36,000 days in a hundred years", prostitutes "get drunk with hawksbill feasts", Taoist priests "visit three islands and connect a pot of heaven and earth", and monks are even more carefree. People never sell alcohol, but hang a pot in the air all day.
In contrast, the era of Dayu was not so easy. Dayu is at the end of primitive society and the beginning of a new era, and is on the threshold of the transition from the age of ignorance to the age of civilization. Moreover, the Yao, Shun and Yu era was an era of flooding. When Yao was in power, there was a "cross-flow of floods", and it was not until Dayu's time that he went through all kinds of hardships to quell the disaster, so there was an allusion of "Dayu controlled the water and refused to enter the house for three times". As a ruler, Dayu's first consideration in the face of turbulent society is stability, not pleasure, and wine, an intoxicating drink, is really a scourge.
Different identities: the ruler in charge of the overall situation VS the romantic poet with a bumpy career
Dayu, as the supreme ruler, forbidding alcohol not only shows that he should set an example and not be moved by alcohol. Moreover, due to the unique attraction of wine, some nobles are addicted to alcoholism, which has become a serious social problem. Therefore, from the perspective of safeguarding their own interests, prohibition of alcohol is a means of maintaining stability, which can not only save food, but also play a role in rectifying folk customs and stabilizing public order.
So after the Western Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty, Dayu issued the earliest prohibition of alcohol in China. Some successful monarchs in history have banned alcohol. Genghis Khan hated drinking to destroy his work and prohibited private brewing and selling alcohol. In 1290, "private property owner, son with property, prisoner in service" changed the punishment to "death of criminal".
History is always strikingly similar. 1920, the United States also issued a prohibition order, and pubs were regarded as "a place to shelter evil people and shelter evil people." Alcoholism, affray, underground brothels and political conspiracy all started with alcohol, which is an "open challenge to clean politics, innocent lives and social security".
Li Bai is not a ruler, but a "romantic poet with a bumpy career". He has a more independent and free identity, he can indulge in drinking, whether he is drunk or not, and he can freely show his freedom and wildness with alcohol. When he served the Hanlin, he was drunk and dared to let the imperial concubine grind the noodles and let Lux take off his boots. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, wrote in a poem: "I love Li Taibai, and I am the soul of a wine star. Speak in the sky, be a guest on earth? Summoned Cheng, and the son of heaven gave him food. I am proud of throwing up on the bed when I am drunk. "
Is wine evil or good?
Although their identity and background lead to diametrically opposite attitudes towards wine, in a word, the biggest difference between them lies in their different views on the essence of wine. Dayu saw the magic side of wine, while Li Bai showed the Buddha side of wine.
Alcohol paralyzes people's nerves and makes Satan's sex more violent. Xia Jie "became a Yaotai, stopped the financial resources of the people, squandered the wealth of the people, made the wine pool worse, indulged in decadent music, and three thousand people drank a drum"; Shang Zhouwang drank for seven days and nights without rest, and the distiller's grains piled up into hills, and the wine pool could be used to transport ships. The two eventually died of alcohol. Even more, Sima Yao, the filial piety of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was suffocated by Zhang Guiren, a concubine, after being drunk; People in the Northern Qi Dynasty got drunk, killed their beloved princess Xue Yun, and ordered her thigh bone to be made into a pipa. Yang Guang, Emperor Yang Di of Sui Dynasty, drank from north to south along the Grand Canal. When he died, he recited a poem, "Vu Thang argued to persuade wine, plum blossoms laughed at people", and he did not forget the word "wine". Even Lenin thought, "Vodka and other harmful drugs will take us back to the capitalist era." So wine, together with those beautiful women in history, also bears the blame and becomes synonymous with evil and evil.
It is unfair to say that wine has magic. Many literati have achieved great literature with the help of wine. Alcohol makes them forget themselves, fully feel life and become a channel for them to express their feelings. Wine can express inspiration, which is called "100 poems of Li Bai fighting for wine"; Wine can add fun. Zhang Xu, a calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, wrote cursive script in a strange way. There are even Cao Xueqin's "Looking for a poet to live in a monk's house and sell paintings to compensate for the restaurant" and Li Qingzhao's "Always remember the sunset in Xiting, intoxicated and I don't know the way home." ; Bai Juyi left 2000 poems, including 900 poems about drinking.
It can be said that without wine, there is no imagination, and ideas, philosophy, literature, painting, music, art, calligraphy and so on are lifeless. It is difficult to exert extraordinary imagination and inspiration, and human beings cannot make progress. From this perspective, isn't the wine with Purdue Buddha nature a sentient being? Even Buddhist disciples are euphemistically called "Prajna Decoction".
The debate about the good and evil of wine can be answered by a sentence in Shuowen: "Wine is like a person, so it is the good and evil of human nature." "。 In fact, there is no distinction between good and evil in Buddhism magic. Wine is related to good and evil in human nature, and good and evil lies in people's hearts. When Kong Rong refuted Cao Cao's prohibition of alcohol, he said, "In history, monarchs were too kind and humble, which led to national subjugation. Should we also ban kindness and humility? When Lu perished, was it because it liked literature so much that people were forbidden to write? Xia and Shang Dynasties all perished because they loved women. Should marriage be banned? "。 It can be seen that there is no distinction between good and evil in wine, but the minds of drinkers are different.
Wine is just a medium, which induces and stimulates the true thoughts and feelings buried in the subconscious, subconscious or deep consciousness, as well as the inherent courage and fragility, evil and meanness of life, forming a romantic and bloody hero culture and a brutal and rogue robber culture. Today, we have another proverb: Speak the truth after drinking. Some people are afraid of alcohol, because they are afraid of exposing themselves and saying things they shouldn't. I think that the reason why Li Bai dared to "call the emperor to the ship and call himself Brewmaster" is that he was naive and frank by nature, so even if he was drunk, he did not lose his virtue. Wine is not a mirror, it reflects people's true nature and what kind of wine they drink.
So today, we can still use wine as a touchstone to see the essence of ourselves and others. Don't believe it? Have you tried?
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