Huang Tingjian, one of the four bachelor's degree students in Sumen and one of the top ten calligraphers in Northern Song Dynasty, proved that he had great attainments in literature and left a certain position in later generations.
Who is the fourth bachelor of Sumen?
Su Men's four bachelors are Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao He. They all came out of Su Shi's house, and the first four people were called to publicize, that is, Su Shi himself. He said: "Huang Tingjian, Chao and Qin Guan are not known to the world, only history is a prophet." (Li answers). In addition, Sumen's fourth bachelor and Li He are also called Sumen's sixth bachelor. The title of "Four Bachelor of Su Men" only shows that these four writers are favored and guided by Su Shi and influenced by his literature, but it does not mean that they or they and Su Shi can be collectively referred to as a literary school. In fact, the four bachelors have different attainments, are influenced by Su Shi to different degrees and have different literary styles. For example, Huang Tingjian is unique, and he is also called Su Huang with Su Shi; Qin Guan's main achievement is ci, but his ci did not follow the path of Su Shi. Most of his works are lyrical and sentimental. Graceful and graceful style, love wins. At the same time, Li, Liao Zhengyi, Dong Rong are called the "Four Bachelor's Degree of Su Men" after Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao.
Four Great Calligraphers in Northern Song Dynasty
Su Shi, one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty, learned nutrition from Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang, Xu Hao, Li Beihai and Yang Ningshi, and made great efforts to innovate on the basis of inheriting the tradition. When talking about the process of his calligraphy creation, he said: "The method of writing is not perfect, but I can't get it all." He added: "I can't make a book with my heart. I'm tired of asking for it." He focused on "meaning" and sent his feelings to the book with "faithful hand". Su Shi's writing seems plain and simple, but it has a mighty air of Wang Yang sea. Like his profound knowledge, dragons are unpredictable. He is good at running script and regular script, and his brushwork is vigorous and natural, giving people the artistic beauty of "the breath of sea breeze" and "the shape of ancient stones". Su Shi's calligraphy is highly praised by future generations. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "His calligraphy is very attractive ... It was not until the wine was drunk that he forgot his work and spoke in great detail ... As for the round pen and rhyme, the article is wonderful, loyal to the sun and the moon, and the book is good, so he first promoted (Su)." Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty praised him for "completely using the front, which is the Lanting of Pogong". Handed down from ancient times, there are Qianchibi Fu, Huangzhou Cold Food Poem Post, Dongting Spring Fu, Zhongshan Songlao Fu and so on.
Huang Tingjian, one of the four masters in the Northern Song Dynasty, took Zhou Yue as his teacher at first, and then Yan Zhenqing and Huai Su as his teachers. Influenced by Yang Ningshi, Huang Tingjian's brushwork is particularly prominent in From Ancient Names. His brushwork has gained momentum by taking advantage of the situation and has a unique style. The Biography of Wen Yuan in the History of Song Dynasty said: "Ting Jian's natural science articles, Chen Shidao said that poetry is correct, and he is good at cursive writing, and his writing style is also unique. Traveling with, Chao and Qin Guan, the world is called four bachelors. " He himself said, "I studied cursive script for more than 30 years, and I took Zhou Yue as my teacher at the beginning, so I was full of vulgarity for 20 years." Su Caiweng was too late, and the beautiful book was written by the ancients. Later, I got the ink of Zhang Xu, Huai Su and Gao Xian, and got a glimpse of the wonderful brushwork. "His masterpieces include Song Fengge Poetry, Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Postscript, Flower Fragrance Post, Hong Xian Poetry and so on. Mi Fei, one of the four masters in the Northern Song Dynasty: Mi Fei made the greatest efforts and achievements in calligraphy all his life. When he was young, he studied hard Yan, Liu, Ou and Chu, and laid a solid foundation. When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he visited for advice, and Dongpo advised him to study gold. From the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Mi Fei devoted himself to the study of Wei and Jin Dynasties, searched many calligraphy posts of Jin people, and even named his study "Baojinzhai". Today, Wang Xianzhi's ink-and-wash autumn post is said to have been copied by him, which is both beautiful in form and spirit. Mi Fei turned to many teachers all his life, and in his later years, he also said in the book "readme": "I am a beginner, so I should learn to write the wall first. I was seven or eight years old. The words are as big as a picture, so it is impossible to write simply. I saw the willow and admired its tight knot, but I learned the Liu Diamond Sutra. For a long time, knowing that it comes from Europe means learning from Europe. For a long time, such as printing plate arrangement, it is the longest time to learn from Chu, and the season of Mo Duan turns fat into beauty, and all sides are perfect. For a long time, Jue Duan Quanze exhibited "Lanting", so he joined the Jin and Wei Dynasties flatly, abandoned Zhong Fang and went to Yi Palace to study. The same is true of "Liu Kuanbei". The seal characters love Chuchu and Shi Guwen. I also realized that bamboo slips are painted with bamboo, and Ming Ding is wonderful and ancient. "Mi Fei claimed that his work was a collection of ancient Chinese characters, and he had a deep understanding of the brushwork, composition and charm of ancient masters, which also showed to some extent that Mi Fei had made great efforts in the tradition of learning books. Miffy was not involved in the political whirlpool and her life was relatively stable. Later, he became a doctor of painting and calligraphy, enjoyed the collection of books in the palace and familiarized himself with the Millennium stories. The gains and losses of the ancients are countless.
Cai Xiang, one of the four great masters of the Northern Song Dynasty: Cai Xiang's calligraphy was highly respected by his contemporaries and had a high reputation. Su Dongpo pointed out in Dongpo's inscription: "Cai is the first in this dynasty because of his high intelligence, profound knowledge, corresponding heart and hand, and endless transformation." However, the running script is the best, the short script is the second, and the cursive script is the second ... I have also tasted the meaning of flying white, saying that there is a trend of flying dragons and dancing phoenix, and not many people know it. "Ouyang Xiu's evaluation of Cai Xiang's calligraphy is hard to see. Ouyang Xiu said, "After Su Zimei's death, I think my brushwork is very unique. In recent years, Mo Jun has been alone in the world, but he refused to lead the alliance. Huang Tingjian also said: He Cai is a hero of calligraphy. " (Gu Zhongwen Collection) Scientists in the Northern Song Dynasty commented on Cai Xiang's cursive script in Mengqian Bitan: "Taking prose as cursive script, it is called scattered grass, or flying grass, and its methods are all from Bai Fei, forming a family of its own. Zhang Xuzhi's ancient rhyme is changeable, melodious and full of ancient meaning. "