Shanhaiguan, also known as Guan Yu, Guan Yu and Lu Linguan, is located at 0/5 km northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It is one of the northeast passes of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Before 1990, it was considered as the starting point of the eastern end of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, and was praised as "one of the three wonders", "the first pass in the world", "the throat of border counties and the capital of the capital" of the Great Wall of China.
In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1 year), the city was built, the customs were built and the guards were set up, so it was named Shanhaiguan. Shanhaiguan city is about 4 kilometers in circumference, connected with the Great Wall and taking the city as the gateway. The city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick, with four main doors and various defensive buildings. Including "the first pass in the world" Arrow Tower, Jingbian Tower, Muying Tower, Lulin Tower, Wengcheng and 1350-meter-long Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty Plain.
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Military value
The first pass in the world is the first pass at the east starting point of the Great Wall in Wan Li. It is the dividing line between the inside and the outside, and it is an important barrier for Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty. It is a historical relic and cultural attraction that mainly displays the important passes of the Ming Dynasty and the Great Wall of the Plain. Shanhaiguan is an important military town and strategic location. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of War was specially set up here, which was the only branch of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty and had unique military and political value.
From the establishment to the demise of the Ming Dynasty, there were 90 directors of the Ministry of War. Shanhaiguan is only about 280 kilometers away from Beijing, and the terrain between the two places is dominated by plains that are conducive to cavalry fighting. It is precisely because of the special geographical location of Shanhaiguan that it is related to the safety of the capital of the Ming Dynasty that Shanhaiguan gradually gained the title of "the first pass in the world" from the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
The so-called "the first pass in the world" not only means that Shanhaiguan is located at the easternmost end of the Great Wall in Wan Li, but also shows its important geographical value in guarding the western Liaoning Corridor and protecting the North China Plain.
Baidu encyclopedia-Shanhaiguan