Therefore, from scratch, it is an absolute law. At the same time, the existence of standards is relative. The existing standards have brought convenience to the reading of characters and the appreciation of calligraphy, and everyone has followed them in unison, so they have become rules and standards, and those who have done the rules and standards to the extreme have become models or classics, such as Preface to Lanting Collection and Cold Food Post.
In history, when the "two kings" brought the beauty of calligraphy to the extreme, things returned to the extreme, and people's aesthetic taste changed again. With the southward migration of the "Mama" ethnic group in the north, the book style in the Central Plains was replaced by a simple and rude book style, and the original beautiful book style was replaced by an atmosphere. The so-called "beauty of the past and beauty of the present" develops alternately, and the standards vary from time to time, from place to place and from person to person. The so-called "Lu Gong's reform brings forth the old and brings forth the new" is to change the existing standards of the "two kings" law and add new ideas of inscriptions in the Northern Dynasties. However, on closer inspection, the inscription on the tablet is by no means a recent one, but an ancient meaning earlier than the "two kings".
It can be seen that the standard of calligraphy is gradually formed, limited by time and space, relatively existing and changing, and will tend to be relatively stable with the accumulation of history. There are standards for fonts and calligraphy. Seal, official script, cursive script, line and model all have their own standards, while Erwang, Zhiyong, Yan, Ou, Chu and Xue also have their own standards.
Standard is an agreement and knowledge, commonly known as rules. Rules are the normal state that things follow. Everything is normal and goes back and forth, and the Tao is reached.
Calligraphy never tends to have laws, from disorder to order, from lack of standards to establishment of standards, especially in the Tang Dynasty. Because of the name of the law, it is called Kaifa City, so Tang Kai is a solemn and rigorous law. At the same time, cursive calligraphy is "getting drunk". Zhang Xu and Huai Su flaunted not so much a style of writing as a kind of psychology, a spiritual value of breaking away from the law and breaking through the norms.
The standardization of law and the liberalization of Italy must exist accordingly. However, China's culture has its particularity and the golden mean formed by its historical philosophy. In other words, China's culture is practical, not extreme, and needs a balance and harmony between strict law and freedom, which is an ideal state. Therefore, calligraphy and book meaning are inseparable, with rules to follow and rules to follow. Calligraphers in China can "dance with shackles", display their talents in restrictions and abide by rules in freedom.
In this way, the corresponding laws and changes complement each other, and calligraphy has become a carrier of China culture. Therefore, calligraphy is not a simple writing, and it must not be divorced from culture and aesthetics.
The establishment of standards is the interaction between the whole society, but its formation is always caused by the public recognition of a group's cultural concepts.
Different levels of understanding have different standards because of different artistic paths. There are technical standards, aesthetic standards, cultural vision standards, and of course there are different standards of art and practicality. In the past, merchants didn't like the words crooked and frugal, and thought it was not "prosperous", which was not conducive to business. The "Tongshenghe" and "Tongrentang" in old Beijing, and the "Quanyechang" in Tianjin are all honest people with the word "Fu" on them. This is a standard, a standard of enterprise management, and a standard of actual interests.
However, if it is used for letters or appreciation of scholars' research, it may not be the standard. If Song Huizong's thin gold book is made into a plaque, at least the far-sighted vision with practical effect will be greatly reduced, which does not meet commercial standards.
Therefore, the standards of calligraphy have many levels and positions, and the so-called functions point to different standards. For example, in ancient Wen Hao and memorial halls, there must be a pavilion of books, and its principle is self-evident. The actual level is also very different. As for those literati and artists who express their feelings in a freehand way, they are extremely elegant, strange, eccentric, crazy and fatal. "What happened to Dili?" It is entirely possible to "put wonderful reasons beyond boldness", "create new ideas in statutes" or even "beyond" Who can't say that? This is another cultural and psychological expression standard and position, which can despise statutes. There are also calligraphy by Xu Wei and Zheng Xie.