Explain a
famous post, the business card of the ancients.
In primitive society, there were no business cards. At that time, people were sparsely populated, the environment was sinister, people lived hard and had little communication. The writing has not been formally formed, and the early knotting notes only exist within the same tribe, and the tribe has no contact with other tribes.
in the slave society, although there were simple words, there were no business cards. Slaves' social economy is still underdeveloped, most people are fixed on the land, and slaves have no right to education; A small number of hereditary slave owners have formed a small ruling group. Because the ruling circle has not changed much for a long time, and literacy is not common, there is no condition for forming a business card.
business cards first appeared in feudal society. During the Warring States Period, China began to form a country with centralized rule. With the use of advanced production tools such as iron, the economy also developed, which led to the development of culture. Confucianism, represented by Confucius, and other schools formed a scene of contention. All countries are committed to expanding their territory, supporting and spreading their own culture, and a large number of emerging nobles have appeared in the war. In particular, Qin Shihuang unified China, started a great reform, unified the national characters, and enfeoffed vassals. Xianyang has become the center of China, and the princes of all walks of life will report to Beijing at regular intervals. In order to close the relationship with the court authorities, it is inevitable for the princes to keep in touch with each other frequently, so the early name of business cards began to appear. The so-called "calling" means that the visitor writes his name and other introductory words on bamboo or wood chips (paper was not invented at that time) as an introduction document to the interviewee, which is now the business card. In the Han dynasty, the centralized state developed further, and with the expansion of the territory in the early Han dynasty, the use of "Yi" became more and more common. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Ye" was renamed as "thorn". Since the paper invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty began to be widely used, the "thorn" was changed from bamboo to more portable paper.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the feudal society in China entered its heyday, which promoted the great development of social economy and culture. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system began to be implemented, so that some talented ordinary people could join the ruling class by their own efforts. In order to compete with the hereditary nobles for power, they helped each other in officialdom, and the gate of cliques began to take shape. After each imperial examination, new subjects and candidates should visit former criminals and high-ranking people everywhere and worship them as teachers so that they can be promoted in the future. If you want to visit a teacher, you must first hand in the "gate", and then the name of "thorn" will be replaced by "gate". In the Ming Dynasty, the rulers followed the imperial examination system of Tang and Song Dynasties and made it popular. Reading became the only way for ordinary people to improve their lives, and the number of literate people increased greatly. People's opportunities for communication have increased. When students meet teachers and junior officials meet senior officials, they must first hand in "name cards" to introduce themselves, that is, "door-shaped" in Tang and Song Dynasties. At this time, the "famous post" has something to do with the word "name". In the Ming Dynasty, the "famous post" was rectangular, usually seven inches long and three inches wide, and the name of the poster should be written all over the face of the post. If you send a post to an elder or boss, the name of the book on the "famous post" should be big, and the name on the "famous post" should be big to show humility, while the name on the "famous post" will be regarded as arrogant.
it was only in the Qing dynasty that the name "business card" was officially called. The Qing Dynasty was the end of feudal society in China. Due to the constant invasion of the West, contacts with the outside world increased, and trade with foreign countries also accelerated the popularization of business cards. Business cards in the Qing Dynasty began to be miniaturized, especially in the officialdom, where officials used larger business cards to show humility and officials used smaller business cards to show their status.
the main difference between early business cards and modern business cards is that they are written by hand rather than printed.
Explain two
famous posts, which also refer to the famous calligraphy works of the ancients. Famous posts are copied and used by calligraphy lovers. China's famous calligraphy posts handed down from generation to generation have passed through many vicissitudes for thousands of years. Through those unique name inscriptions and historical imprints, we can truly feel their legendary life experiences. The traces left by these historical collectors and connoisseurs, after years of baptism, have been integrated with the works themselves.
Top Ten Famous Chinese Postcards handed down from ancient times
First place: Three Treasures (Wang Xizhi's Sunny Post in Fast Snow, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post, Wang Xun's "Bo Yuan Tie")
Second place (the first running script in the world): Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion"
Third place (the second running script in the world): Yan Zhenqing's "Memorial to the Nephew"
Fourth place (the third running script in the world): Su Shi's "Huangzhou Cold Food Tie"
Fifth place. Shu Sutie
No.8 (One Man in the World is peerless in Mo Bao): Huizong Zhao Ji's cursive thousand-character essay
No.9 (Yuan Dynasty calligraphy master's extraordinary calligraphy): Zhao Mengfu's Qianhouchibi Fu
No.1 (Ming Dynasty wizard's cursive poem essay): Zhu Yunming.