Jian 'an Style and Wei-Jin Manner
To some extent, both of them represent an aesthetic thought. From the perspective of literature and art, Jian 'an's style is generous and tragic, which is vividly expressed in the poems of his representative, Cao Cao. Poetry at that time gradually developed from ancient Yuefu. Scholars at this stage were born in the war, and they got rid of the shackles of Confucianism to a great extent and paid more attention to their inner feelings. Coupled with that turbulent era, most people in the world had the ambition to make contributions, so there was always an impassioned masculine blessing in the poems at that time.
This can be reflected in many works of Cao Cao. Looking at the Sea is undoubtedly an immortal masterpiece. This poem not only shows the style characteristics of Cao Cao's poems, but also gives full play to a literary style. What is the most striking feature of this poem? Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out. Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise. ? Although these four poems are easy to understand literally, they contain unimaginable broadmindedness. Shen Deqian commented on these words:? Have the throughput of cosmic weather? Zhong Xing also said in "Ancient Poems Return":? "Look at the sea" is written directly on its chest, and a cage cover breathes the weather. ? Jian 'an literature, represented by Looking at the Sea, is mostly grand in artistic conception, and most of them are expounded in a straightforward way.
When it comes to Wei and Jin demeanor, you have to mention it? Do you want to make nine products? This is a mode of selecting officials similar to the procuratorial system, but in the later period, all the power was in the hands of the clan, which led to the unprecedented power of the clan at that time and was extremely unfair to the ordinary people. This is why this system was abolished soon after its implementation, and people could not do without criticizing it. The top grade is not poor, and the bottom grade has no home? . In the general environment at that time, the literati no longer showed great desire for fame, but gradually developed to the point where they knew that they could not get fame, and they were afraid to talk about it or disdained to talk about it at all. Literati at that time often did some absurd things, and drinking and taking drugs was very common at that time. In this era, people are no longer as passionate as before, but full of? Worried about life? Ruan Ji was a representative figure in Wei and Jin Dynasties with deep feelings. Most of his works want to express nothing but inner contradictions and pains.
The transformation from Jian 'an character to Wei-Jin demeanor
As we all know, Cao Cao lived in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms. At that stage, anyone with a little strength would think of taking the mountain as king and calling him overlord. At that time, Cao Cao was not only a sober scholar, but also an ambitious politician. In his environment, he is full of wars and traps, and he has no time to take care of his children. For him, making contributions is his only goal, so since the goal is clear, the tone of writing is also his only goal.
However, in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the system of Zheng Zheng was implemented. There are many similarities between this system and the procuratorial system. The only difference is the energy recovery center. The central government set up Zheng Zheng ministers in various places to be responsible for the election of officials in one place. At that time, the world's evaluation of Zheng Zheng officials included three aspects.
Family background: it refers to the family background and ancestral background of the preferred people, which was also the primary prerequisite for selecting officials at that time, but the family background of these preferred people is the information that these officials must master. Form: Compared with background, this point pays more attention to personal performance. At that time, selecting talents was also very simple, and it was enough to have both ability and political integrity. Selection: This is also the last step in selecting officials. The Chiang Kai-shek official will make a comprehensive evaluation of the evaluated personnel, and determine the official rank by combining the above two contents.
In fact, from the three points of this system, we can see that this system has great disadvantages and the maneuverability of the clan is too great. So in the later period, officials in various regions were monopolized by the clan at that time, and in order to safeguard the interests of the clan, all the important positions of officials were firmly occupied by the children of the clan. In this social background, ordinary people have no future at all, so since they have lost hope of making contributions, we should simply despise them. So the literati at that time competed to express their refined points, but they were really depressed. Anger makes a poet and disaster makes a writer? It is a profound summary of the literati image at that time, but if you want to express your unwillingness and dare not, you can only express your dissatisfaction diplomatically. The literati works at that time were full of endless sadness and helplessness. At that time, most of the literati's style of writing expressed their inner feelings in twists and turns under the cover of Wei and Jin dynasties.
At that time, after Sima Yi took control of Kyoto, a large-scale cleaning campaign was carried out. Because of the political struggle, thousands of people of all classes were killed at that time. At that time, not only the officials of the imperial court and the famous people were silent, but also the butcher knives that purified the air fell on their heads, so many literati wanted to find a quiet place to live in seclusion and escape from this catastrophe. The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest were typical figures at that time, who struggled with the ruling class at that time with absurd performances. Therefore, they once became role models for people to follow, and the Wei and Jin demeanor represented by them became the popular trend of social literati.
At that time, the political identity and family background of literati were different. Many of them were born into aristocratic families and predicted their future political status. However, it is hard to imagine that even so, they are still eager to imitate the behavior of the seven sages of the bamboo forest, exile themselves into the wilderness, and do absurd things day and night. From these points, we can also see how heavy the political oppression was at that time. Many aristocratic children are willing to give up their beautiful life and future, and they are not willing to give up. The demeanor of Wei and Jin dynasties at that time was a reflection of the times. Fortunately, the absurd behavior of these people did not become the object of criticism, but was the only pure land in the dirty social environment at that time.
Influence of Wei-Jin demeanor on later generations
As a celebrity demeanor at that time, Wei and Jin demeanor symbolized an era and was full of helplessness. In fact, from our current environment, it is very similar to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, except that the source of this time is not the oppression of power but the change of our own cognition. Many times, contemporary people will take it for granted to abandon old ideas, but new ones can't explain why. These emerging cultures have not been fully accepted by the world. Of course, the cognition of the social situation is not what we have to worry about. As a three-dimensional person, what we need is to have our own spiritual pursuit. Now the social situation is very realistic, and the right to money has become the only pursuit of many people. Today, the world has also suffered unimaginable heavy oppression, but these oppression comes from their own desires. Many people advocate it now? Doing nothing? Or? Weak? In fact, some people can be completely understood as the inheritors of Wei and Jin demeanor, but these people are not recognized by the world in this era.
After all, Wei and Jin demeanor is a manifestation of artistic aesthetics, which has been inherited to a great extent in handed down calligraphy. The influence of Wei-Jin demeanor on calligraphy is reflected in his paying more attention to the charm of calligraphy works. Rhyme? If it is embodied in calligraphy, it will be more solemn and elegant. This kind of beauty is different from the standard frame structure. This figure is out of sight now, and more often it is just to pay attention to the spirit likeness. Therefore, calligraphy under the influence of Wei and Jin Dynasties has really completed a great transformation and created a kind of? Willful? Aesthetics, almost a change, transforms the original writing into calligraphy and creates a new artistic style.
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The world often likes to compare Jian 'an style with the romance of Wei and Jin Dynasties, arguing about which is better and which is worse, but in fact, the debate is meaningless. Although there are great differences in content and spiritual expression, it is nothing more than the change of social situation and people's pursuit of the future. When Jian 'an style prevailed, the society was in turmoil. At that time, the world was scattered, and the rulers had no intention of managing literati at all, which led to the straightforwardness of the writing style at that time. Then, after the unification of Wei and Jin Dynasties, a political system was established. One of the great powers of popularity in Wei and Jin Dynasties was the implementation of Jiupin Zheng Zhi system. In this mode, the trend of thought of demeanor in Wei and Jin Dynasties developed rapidly. Later, under the oppression of Sima Yi, Wei and Jin demeanor was pushed to the peak under the influence of the environment at that time, which is also the reason for the huge gap between Jian 'an style and Wei and Jin demeanor.