There are eight allusions in this article, which are analyzed as follows:
1. Laozi said: "The five colors make one blind, the five tones make one deaf, the five tastes make one's mouth refreshed, and hunting in the fields makes one's heart change. ”
Chapter 12 of "Laozi Tao Pian":
The five colors ① blind the eyes ②; the five tones ③ deafen the ears ④; the five tastes ⑤ refresh the mouth ⑥; gallop. Hunting ⑦ makes people crazy ⑧; rare goods make people unable to move ⑨. This is because the sage is his belly and not his eyes, so he goes to that place and takes this one.
Notes
① Five colors: green, red, yellow, white and black are called five colors, which refers to colorful colors. ②Blindness: a metaphor for being dazzled. ③Penta: The five basic scales of ancient music, namely Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. This refers to a variety of music. ④Deafness: a metaphor for hearing loss. ⑤Five flavors: sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, and salty. This refers to rich food. ⑥Bliss in the mouth: refreshing, hurting. Taste is a kind of mouth disease, here it is a metaphor for loss of taste. ⑦ gallop and hunt: gallop, horse gallop. To hunt means to hunt around. It means having fun. ⑧It makes people crazy: It makes people feel debauched and unstoppable. ⑨Xingzhi: hinder, harm, hurt. To hinder one's conduct and destroy one's conduct. Here Lao Tzu pointed out the damage caused by material desires to human nature, and proposed that a normal life should be about "the belly and not the eyes", but seeking comfort and food, and not indulging in sensual entertainment. ⑩For the stomach, not for the eyes: One saying is just to fill the stomach, not for sensual entertainment. When it is said that the belly refers to the person's inner self, the eyes refer to the external image or sensory world. All are accessible. For the "belly", it means establishing an inner life of tranquility and tranquility; for the "eye", it means a life of chasing external greed. The more excessive the external sensual entertainment is, the emptier the soul will be. Only by getting rid of the materialistic life of the outside world and maintaining inner peace can we maintain the inherent innocence of the soul.
Translation
The colorful colors dazzle people's eyes; the complicated music makes people's hearing insensitive; the sumptuous food makes people's sense of taste dull; the indulgence in hunting makes people crazy inside. ; Rare utensils can make people behave badly. Therefore, people with "Tao" only seek comfort and food instead of pursuing sensual entertainment, so they abandon the temptation of material desires and absorb things that are conducive to physical and mental freedom.
2. Liu Bei is a talented man, but he likes to make friends
"Three Kingdoms" Pei Songzhi's annotation quoted from "Wei Lue" records that Liu Bei was stationed in Fancheng, and Zhuge Liang personally went there to recruit troops. "Cao Gong decided on Hebei, and Liang knew that Jingzhou would be attacked next time, but Liu Biao was slow-tempered and did not know about military affairs. Liang went north to see the preparations. The preparations were not the same as Liang, and because of his young age, he treated him with business. After sitting down, he was gathered. , all the guests left, but Liang stayed alone, and Bei didn't ask what he wanted to say. Bei's nature is good at knotting, and when someone comes to tie it with a cow's tail, Bei Yinjin said: "Ming." The general must have Yuanzhi again, but it's just a tie! "Bei Zhiliang is very human, so he replied: "What are you talking about?" Liang then said, "Who is going to save Liu Zhennan?" "It's not as good as Cao Gongxie," said Liang. "It's not as good as the general himself," he said. It's not a crime to wait for it!" Bei said: "I am also worried about this. What should I do?" Liang said: "There are not many people in Jingzhou now, but there are few people who live in peace, and people are unhappy. "Keyu Zhennan ordered all the travelers in the country to be honest, because it would benefit everyone." Bei followed his plan, so everyone knew that Liang had a brilliant strategy, and he was the guest. Li Zhi. "Jiuzhou Chunqiu" said the same thing. "
3. Ji Kang is great and good at training
"Shi Shuo Xin Yu" by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Song Dynasty:
Zhong Shi Ji Jing was talented and wise, but he didn’t know Ji Kang at first. ① Zhong Yao and all the wise and handsome people of the time went to seek health. Kangfang is forging under the big tree, and Xiang Ziqi is Zuogu Pai②. Kang kept swinging the hammer, as if there was no one around, and did not say a word when the time passed. When Zhong got up and left, Kang said: "Why did you come here after what you heard? Why did you leave after what you saw?" Zhong said: "You came here when you heard what you heard, and you left when you saw what you saw."
Notes
① Zhong Shiji: Zhong Hui, who was treated coldly when visiting Ji Kang and held a grudge, later made excuses to frame Ji Kang in front of Sima Zhao, and Ji Kang was finally killed. ② Row: bellows.
Translation
Zhong Shiji had a profound talent and did not know Ji Kang before; he invited some outstanding people at that time to look for Ji Kang.
He saw Ji Kang forging iron under a big tree and hit Ziqi with a hand-operated bellows. Ji Kang continued to swing the hammer without stopping, as if no one was around, and did not say a word to Zhong Shiji for a long time. Zhong Shiji stood up to leave, and Ji Kang asked him: "What did you hear before you came? What did you see before you left?" Zhong Shiji said: "You heard what you heard before you came, and you saw what you saw before you left."
"Book of Jin·Ji Kang Biography":
He is extremely clever in nature and easy to exercise. There is a very lush willow tree in the house, which is surrounded by water. Every summer month, I sit under it to exercise.
Translation
(Ji Kang) is very dexterous by nature and likes blacksmithing. There is a luxuriant willow tree in the house. So a ditch was dug around it. Whenever summer came, (Ji Kang) would sit under it and strike iron.
4. Ruan Fu’s release is also good for wax clogs
Southern Song Dynasty Liu Yiqing’s "Shi Shuo Xin Yu":
The ancestors were few and fond of wealth, Ruan Yao Collecting good clogs and working on your own business all the time is a burden, but you don't judge the gains and losses. People have ancestors, and they value wealth when they see it. When the guests arrived, the screen was not yet clear, and the remaining two little ones were holding their hands behind their backs, leaning forward to block them, but their thoughts could not be calmed down. Perhaps there was a person who saw himself blowing his sandals of fire wax and sighed, "I don't know how many sandals I have to wear in my lifetime?" His expression was relaxed. Then the victory and defeat began to be divided.
Ji is Ruan Fu, who once served as the governor of Guangzhou. The two later held similar official positions and had the same status, but their temperaments were very different. Most likely Zu Yue was greedy for money and Ruan Fu loved shoes. Someone went to visit Zu Yue, and just as Zu Yue was checking his money, he saw someone coming. He didn't have time to pack it away, leaving two small bamboo boxes with his belongings behind him, leaning his body to cover them up, with a panicked look on his face. Another person went to see Ruan Fu. Ruan Fu was lighting a fire to melt wax and apply it on the clogs. This was probably a kind of maintenance work for the various clogs in his collection. When he saw someone coming, he did not avoid it. He sighed quietly and said, "I wonder how many pairs of clogs I can wear in my life?" He looked leisurely and at ease. So the merits of Zu Yue and Ruan Fu began to be judged.
5. Zhong Yao came to the grave after vomiting blood
Yu Xi's "Zhilin" of the Western Jin Dynasty:
When Wei Zhongyao was young, he followed Liu Sheng into Baodu Mountain After studying calligraphy for three years, he also discussed calligraphy techniques with Taizu, Handan Chun, Wei Dan, Sun Tzu Jing, Guan Loquat and others. Yao suddenly saw Cai Bozhao sitting on Wei Dan's desk, beating his chest for three days. His chest was completely blue because he was vomiting blood. Taizu used the Five Spirit Pills to save him, and he was still alive. Yao begged hard and refused to give. When he was born and died, Yao Yin had his tomb stolen and found out. Therefore, he knew that those with strong strength and abundant tendons were holy, and those with weakness and no tendons were sick. He used the information one by one, which is even better.
Translation
Zhong Yao saw that Wei Dan had Cai Yong's "Brushwork". He asked hard for it, but Wei Dan refused to give it to him. Zhong Yao was so sad that he beat his chest and vomited blood. Fortunately, Cao Cao's "Five Spirit Pills" saved him from danger. Later, Wei Dan died, and Cai Yong's "Brushwork" was used as a burial object. Zhong Yao "stealed the tomb" and took "Bi Fa" as his own. From then on, we learned the truth that "those who have more strength and abundant tendons will win, while those who are weak and have no tendons will suffer from diseases", so the calligraphy is even better.
6. Song Xiaowu and Wang Sengqian were jealous of each other
Wang Sengqian (426~485) was from Langxie Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). A famous calligrapher during the Southern Song and Qi Dynasties. He is the fourth generation grandson of Wang Xizhi. Qi Gaodi Xiao Daocheng competed with him in calligraphy. After the competition, Qi Gaodi asked him: "Who is the best?" (Zhang Huaiguan's "Shu Duan", the same quote below) Wang Sengqian cleverly replied: "I am a scholar among the ministers. First, your Majesty is the best among the emperors." Emperor Qi Gao said with a smile: "You can be said to be good at making plans for yourself." It is precisely because he is "good at making plans for himself" that he can be confident in the intrigues and intrigues in the officialdom. . As early as the time of Emperor Xiaowu and Liu Jun of the Song Dynasty before this incident occurred, Wang Sengqian noticed the principle that "people are afraid of being famous, and pigs are afraid of being strong". At that time, Liu Jun "wanted to be good at book titles, but Monk Qian did not dare to show his signs" (quoted in the original biography of "Nan Qi Shu"). As a result, in the "Ming Dynasty (457-464)", he was forced to "use clumsy handwriting to write "See the appearance" (Zhang Huaiguan's "Book Break")
7. Huan Xuan's Journey
The Sixty-Nine Biography of "Book of Jin":
Yuan Dynasty In the second year of Xing's reign, Xuanzhao appealed to Yao Xing to pacify him, and he also satirized the imperial court and issued an imperial edict, saying that he would not allow it.
Xuan Ben had no resources, but he liked to talk big, but he couldn't do it, so he stopped because of the imperial edict. If you first want to decorate, there is no other way to do it. First, make a light boat to carry clothes, toys, calligraphy, paintings and other things. Or as an admonishment, Xuan said: "Since calligraphy, painting, clothes and play should always be on the left and right, and the war is fierce and dangerous, and there is no chance of escape, you should make it easy to transport." Everyone laughed at it.
Explanation
Huan Xuan (369-404), whose courtesy name was Jingdao, also known as Lingbao, was a native of Longkang, Qiao State (now Huaiyuan, Anhui). He was the founder of Huan Chu State in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, he directed and acted by himself. He first issued an edict stating that he wanted to "expedite the Northern Expedition to Yao Xing", and then sent someone to "issue an edict to stop it" with the order of the court, which exposed his frivolous habit of being vain and boastful. In Gushu, Huanxuan also built several light boats, carrying calligraphy, paintings, curios and curiosities. When someone asked about the reason, Huanxuan said: "The war is in chaos. If there is an accident, these things can be transported easily." Everyone laughed when they heard it, and they all began to despise Huanxuan in their hearts.
8. Wang Yazhi's Fubi
The 119th Biography of "Old Book of Tang":
Ya is knowledgeable and loves the ancient times, and can write and use words. Yi Dengke. Practicing Qing and Jun, but being greedy for power and clinging to favor, he is not far away from evil and sycophants, even to the Red Clan. There are tens of thousands of Ya family books, which are kept in the secret mansion. For the famous paintings and calligraphy of the previous dynasties, if people cherished them, they would give them generous gifts; if they did not accept the goods, they would pay them with official titles. The thickness is the aperture of the wall, which is hidden by the complex wall. As a result, people broke down the walls to take it, or picked out the gold and treasure ornaments from the box and the jade scroll and discarded it.
Explanation
Wang Ya, courtesy name Guangjin, was born in Taiyuan (today's Taiyuan) of the Tang Dynasty. His birth year is unknown and he died in the ninth year of Taihe (835) of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the seventh year of Taihe (833), Tang Wenzong appointed Wang Ya as prime minister. In November of the same year, the "Ganlu Incident" occurred. Wang Ya and others fled from Zhongshu in panic. They were captured by the Imperial Army at Yongchangli teahouse and cut in half under a lone willow tree in the southwest corner of Zicheng. His whole family was exterminated, his property was confiscated, and his land and residence were promoted to official positions. It was not until the first year of Emperor Zhaozong's reign in the Tang Dynasty (901) that Wang Ya and others were rehabilitated and their titles restored.
Wang Ya lived a clean life and did not take prostitutes or concubines. He hated divination and fortune-telling and loved reading. His articles were praised by people at that time. Wang Ya is also a famous collector of calligraphy and painting. "Tens of thousands of volumes of family letters are stored in the secret palace. Those famous calligraphy and paintings of the past dynasties were treasured by people, and they were given generous gifts; those who were not treasured were given official titles." Their homes were ransacked, soldiers rushed in, plundered and trampled upon them, and most of them were destroyed and lost. Wang Ya once wrote 5 volumes of "Tang Xun Qualification", 1 scroll of "Yue Ling Tu", and 10 volumes of "Wang Ya Ji" are published in the world.