Zhuangzi and Keiko play together on Haoshui Bridge. Zhuangzi said: "How leisurely the silver carp swims in the river is the happiness of the fish." Keiko said, "You are not a fish. How do you know that fish is happy? " Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy? " Keiko said, "I'm not you, but I don't know you." You are not a fish in the first place, and you don't know the happiness of fish, which is completely certain. "Zhuangzi said," let's go back to the original topic. If you start asking me' where do you know the happiness of fish', it means that you know I know, so you ask me where I know. Now I tell you, I know it on Haoshui Bridge. "
The phenomenon of classical Chinese is polysemy.
Solid: ① I don't know children (of course)
② Zigu is not a fish (originally)
One: ① The joy of knowing fish: (of)
Ask me what I know: (pronoun)
Inverted sentence (adverbial postposition)
Zhuangzi and Keiko are swimming on Haoliang.
Change Zhuangzi and Keiko to Haoliang for swimming.
Zhuangzi and Keiko are playing on Haoliang.
Question query 1. Zhuangzi thinks that "swimming" fish is very happy. What kind of mood did he show?
A: Zhuangzi thinks that the "happiness" of fish is actually the projection and externalization of his happy mood.
2. No matter who wins or loses, we can see the differences between Zhuangzi and Keiko in thought, character and temperament, and analyze their personalities.
A: Keiko likes to debate, and is good at analysis and cognition. Have a cognitive attitude towards things, focusing on the discussion of knowledge.
Zhuangzi argued wisely, attached importance to appreciation and held an artistic attitude towards things. For the understanding of the outside world, with an appreciative attitude, subjective goodwill is imposed on external things, resulting in empathy. If Keiko has the personality of a logician, then Zhuangzi has the style of an artist.
This argument has been debated for a long time. Who has the upper hand in this debate?
A: Logically speaking, Keiko has the upper hand. Because Zhuangzi is arguing irrationally; Formally speaking, Zhuangzi has the upper hand. Because after Zhuangzi said Keiko, there is nothing to refute.
4. What do you think of the relationship between Zhuangzi and Keiko?
In recent years, some philosophers have expressed doubts about this. Because Zhuangzi only talks about his own experience, treating experience as knowledge shows his detached attitude, but it is harmful to understanding, because understanding and experience are two different things. Strictly speaking, Zhuangzi did not refute Hui Shi logically, but led the logic to the place where it could not reach, that is, everyone's inner experience at the moment. This is "like a fish drinking water, knowing it in cold and warm", which is inhuman. But since Zhuangzi used logical reasoning, he should apply it to the end. If I were Hui Shi, I would continue to ask: You said that you knew the happiness of fish when you were in Haoshang, but that was you just now, and now you are not you just now. How do you know that you just know the happiness of fish? For example, just now I don't know how I know you know the happiness of fish. In the face of such heckling, I don't think Zhuangzi will say anything more. If he loses in language, he is deprived of the right to speak, but he may not think he lost in his heart. As long as he tells his inner experience, he will always be a winner (spiritual victory method). But I'm afraid no one will really be such a winner, because a person who doesn't agree with himself at another moment will no longer be a person or even nothing. Perhaps Zhuangzi's real intention is to say that people are nothingness, but he can never say that, because once he says it, it is "yes" (language is the home of existence). In fact, even pure inner experience, even silence, takes time (so-called "keeping silent"), and once you enter time, you are "something" (so Heidegger regards "existence" and "time" as inseparable), so you can "speak" with words and logic. So just mentioning the difference between you just now and you now completely cancels Zhuangzi's right to speak. The appreciation of this article is taken from Autumn Water.
Autumn Water is another long story in Zhuangzi. The first two words are titled, and the center is to discuss how people should know foreign things. The whole article consists of two parts. The first part describes the dialogue between Poseidon and the river god in Beihai, which is the main part of this paper. Six fables are written in the second half, each of which is self-contained and unrelated, and has no structural connection with the previous part of Poseidon's dialogue with the river god, which is of little help to the expression of the whole theme and appears detached.
Zhuangzi and Keiko swim in Haoliang, relaxed and poetic. Discuss Tao with strength and discuss Tao with technology; One is seeking truth, the other is seeking beauty; One is rigid and the other is detached; Let people smile and meditate for a long time after reading it.
In the Ming Dynasty, there was an ingenious man, Wang Shuyuan, who could make palaces out of wood with a diameter of inches. Vessels, figures, even birds, animals, wood and stones, regardless of the occasion, each had its own modality. I tasted a nuclear ship and covered the red cliff cloud of Dasu. The length of the ship is about eight minutes and the height can be two meters. The porch in the middle is a hut, and the canopy covers it. There are small windows on the side, four on the left, four on the right and eight on the * *. When you open the window, the carved columns are opposite. If it is closed, it is engraved on the right with "the mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water comes out" and on the left with "the breeze is Xu Lai, and the water waves are stagnant", which is the same as the stone. There are three people sitting in the bow, Dongpo is the one with the most crowns and beards, Fo Yin is on the right and Lu Zhi is on the left. Sue and Huang have read books. Dongpo's right hand is holding a curly tail, and his left hand caresses Lu Zhi's back. Lu Zhi held the end of the book in his left hand and the book in his right hand, saying something. Dongpo's right foot and Lu Zhi's left foot are slightly different. Compared with the knees, they are all hidden in the folds of the bottom clothes. Is a unique Maitreya Buddha, topless, holding her head high, her expression does not belong to Su and Huang. Lie flat on your right knee, hold the boat on your right arm, stand on your left knee, and lean on it with your left arm missing the beads-the beads can be counted vividly. The stern is horizontal. There is a boat on each side. The man who lives on the right has a spine bun on his back, his left hand leans against a balance beam, and his right hand climbs his right toe, which makes him scream. The person who lives on the left holds a banana fan in his right hand and touches the stove in his left hand. There is a pot on the stove, and their eyes are silent. If they listen to the sound of tea. When the back of the ship was slightly reduced, it was engraved with an inscription, saying, "It's the beginning of autumn, and the book of King Yushan is carved far away." As thin as a mosquito's foot, it is painted with a hook and the color is ink. He also used a seal chapter, which read "Chupingshan people" and its color Dan. Row a boat for five; Window 8; Make a tent, a pot, a stove, a pot, a hand roll and a rosary; The characters used in couplets, titles and seals are * * * 30 and 4; It's not long enough. Cover the peach pit and trim it. Hey, the skills are also strange! -Wei Xueyi's "nuclear ship" in the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty: Wei Xueyi
In the Ming Dynasty, there was an ingenious man, Wang Shuyuan, who could make palaces out of wood with a diameter of inches. Vessels, figures, even birds, animals, wood and stones, regardless of the occasion, each had its own modality. I tasted a nuclear ship and covered the red cliff cloud of Dasu.
The length of the ship is about eight minutes and the height can be two meters. The porch in the middle is a hut, and the canopy covers it. There are small windows on the side, four on the left, four on the right and eight on the * *. When you open the window, the carved columns are opposite. When it is closed, it is engraved with "the mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water comes out".
Reading the full text ∨ it is clear that there is a wise man named Wang Shuyuan, who can use a piece of wood with an inch diameter as a palace, utensils, figures, even birds, animals, wood and stones, regardless of the occasion, each has its own modality. I tasted a nuclear ship and covered the red cliff cloud of Dasu.
The length of the ship is about eight minutes and the height can be two meters. The porch in the middle is a hut, and the canopy covers it. There are small windows on the side, four on the left, four on the right and eight on the * *. When you open the window, the carved columns are opposite. If it is closed, it is engraved on the right with "the mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water comes out" and on the left with "the breeze is Xu Lai, and the water waves are stagnant", which is the same as the stone. (You Zuo: You Peng)
There are three people sitting in the bow. Dongpo is the one with the highest crown and the most beards. Fo Yin is on the right and Lu Zhi is on the left. Sue and Huang have read books. Dongpo's right hand is holding a curly tail, and his left hand caresses Lu Zhi's back. Lu Zhi held the end of the book in his left hand and the book in his right hand, saying something. Dongpo's right foot and Lu Zhi's left foot are slightly different. Compared with the knees, they are all hidden in the folds of the bottom clothes. Is a unique Maitreya Buddha, topless, holding her head high, her expression does not belong to Su and Huang. Lie flat on your right knee, hold the boat on your right arm, stand on your left knee, and lean on it with your left arm missing the beads-the beads can be counted vividly.
The stern is horizontal. There is a boat on each side. The man who lives on the right has a spine bun on his back, his left hand leans against a balance beam, and his right hand climbs his right toe, which makes him scream. The person who lives on the left holds a banana fan in his right hand and touches the stove in his left hand. There is a pot on the stove, and their eyes are silent. If they listen to the sound of tea.
When the back of the ship was slightly reduced, it was engraved with an inscription, saying, "It's the beginning of autumn, and the book of King Yushan is carved far away." As thin as a mosquito's foot, it is painted with a hook and the color is ink. He also used a seal chapter, which read "Chupingshan people" and its color Dan.
Classical Chinese in junior high school, reciting things, praising skills The King of Qin asked people to call Anlingjun: "I want to ease Anlingjun with a land of 500 miles, and Anlingjun can promise me!" An Lingjun said, "Your majesty is generous, and it is very good to turn the big into the small. Although, after taking over the land from my late king, I am willing to keep it and dare to change it! " The king of Qin is unhappy. So King Anling sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin. (Reasonable: Yue) The King of Qin said to Tang Ju, "I can easily settle down in Anling with a land of 500 miles. What can I do if An Lingjun doesn't listen to me? " Besides, it's not bad that Qin destroyed Korea and Wei, and you live in a place five miles away and are an elder. Today, I have ten times the land, please be wider than you, you are against me, you are lighter than me? "Tang Ju said to him," no, it seems not. Ling Jun was guarded by the former king. Although you dare not change a thousand miles, what about five hundred miles straight? " The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju, "Have you ever heard of the emperor's anger? " ? " Tang Ju replied: "I have never heard of it." The king of Qin said, "The emperor was angry, and the bodies were scattered everywhere, bleeding thousands of miles." . "Tang Ju said," your majesty heard of public anger? " ? " The king of Qin said, "The people took off their hats in anger, kowtowed to the ground lightly." Tang Ju said, "This mediocre man is full of spirit, and he is not a scholar. Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang, and the comet hit the moon; Nie Zhengzhi stabbed Han Yu and Bai Hongguan; If you want to leave a thorn, Cang ying will hit the temple. These three sons, all dressed in cloth, are still angry, but they are not sent to heaven, just four ministers. When you are angry, you lie on two bodies and bleed in five steps. Today is also this day. " He drew his sword from its sheath. The king of Qin scratched his face and knelt down to thank him. "Please sit down, Sir! What about this! My words are: Fu Han and Wei died, and Anling lived in a land of fifty miles, just to have a husband. " -The preceding paragraph says "Tang Ju does not disgrace the mission", and Tang Ju does not disgrace the mission.
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Written by Liu Xiang
The king of Qin said to Anling, "I'm going to exchange the land around 500 miles for Anling. Anling must promise me!" " ! "An Lingjun said:" Your majesty is generous, and it is very good to turn the big into the small. Although I took over the land from my late king, I am willing to keep it, and I dare to change it! "The king of Qin is not happy. So King Anling sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin. (That makes sense: Yue)
The king of Qin said to Tang Biao, "My 500-mile land is easy for me to settle down in Anling. Why doesn't Anling listen to me?" Qin destroyed Han, Wei and Hejun.
Read the full text ∨ The King of Qin asked someone to call Anlingjun: "I want to ease Anlingjun with a land of 500 miles, and Anlingjun can promise me!" An Lingjun said, "Your majesty is generous, and it is very good to turn the big into the small. Although, after taking over the land from my late king, I am willing to keep it and dare to change it! " The king of Qin is unhappy. So King Anling sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin. (That makes sense: Yue)
The king of Qin said to Tang Biao, "My 500-mile land is easy for me to settle down in Anling. Why doesn't Anling listen to me?" Besides, it's not bad that Qin destroyed Korea and Wei, and you live in a place five miles away and are an elder. Today, I am ten times as big as you, please be lenient with you, be my enemy and be lighter than me? " Tang Ju said to him, "No, if not. Ling Jun was guarded by the former king. Although I dare not change a thousand miles, what about five hundred miles straight? "
The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju, "Have you ever heard of the emperor's anger?" ? "Tang Ju replied," I've never heard of it. The king of Qin said, "When the emperor is angry, he will dump ten thousand pieces of his body and bleed thousands of miles." "."Tang Ju said, "Did your Majesty ever hear of people's anger?" ? "The king of Qin said," When people are angry, they take off their hats, go barefoot and kowtow to the ground. "Tang Ju said," this kind of shallow is angry, but not a scholar. Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang, and the comet hit the moon; Nie Zhengzhi stabbed Han Yu and Bai Hongguan; If you want to leave a thorn, Cang ying will hit the temple. These three sons, all dressed in cloth, are still angry, but they are not sent to heaven, just four ministers. When you are angry, you lie on two bodies and bleed in five steps. Today is also the case. " He drew his sword from its sheath.
Classical Chinese in junior high school, the view of ancient Chinese prose is limited, and there are different opinions. See Ancient Monument and Jin Shu for writing strategies. It was written by Jin, a famous calligrapher in Jin Dynasty. He stopped to look at the ancient tablet and walked for a long time. He walked hundreds of steps from Gubei and came back. The horse stood in front of the monument. When he was tired, he unfolded his fur and sat down to look at it. Then he left in front of the monument for three days. -unknown calligrapher Ou Yangxun, calligrapher Ou Yangxun.
Ou Yangxun once rode a horse and saw an ancient monument. It was written by Jin, a famous calligrapher in Jin Dynasty. He stopped to look at the ancient tablet and walked for a long time. He walked hundreds of steps from Gubei and came back. The horse stood in front of the monument. When he was tired, he unfolded his fur and sat down to look at it. Then he left in front of the monument for three days. Classical Chinese in junior high school, narrative writer