The Ancestor of the Renaissance of Southern Opera and the Ancestor of Nanyin —— Pipa Story
(1) Author: Qian Nanyang "Han Shang Guan Wen Cun". Gao mingchuan, the author of Pipa Story, said: "Brilliant, sincere, and famous; Ryan people are ... smart and have been known for their erudition since childhood. They have culture and status, and once both wanted to make friends with each other ... Yuan Shundi has been in Shen Jia for five years (1344), and he will be selected as a scholar next year after having obtained the provincial examination. ..... Fang Guozhen strong lien curtain, powerless; It is not good to delay teaching children with courtesy. On the same day, I was relieved of my official duties and stayed in Shen Shi Building of Mingzhou Oak Club, entertaining myself every word. ..... I acceded to the throne, and Emperor Gao (Zhu Yuanzhang) heard his name and ordered it. Then you can't pretend to be crazy, and the high position is no longer strong. Later he died in Ninghai. A cloud' or die at home'. It is about seventy years old. Lu Deming, a good friend, cried with poetry. Buried in the south bank of the hometown cypress bridge. Famous mountain calligraphy and poetry works, including 20 volumes of Jouke Zhai Ji; He is especially good at lyrics and songs, and has written a book called Pipa. "
(2) Writing motivation:
(1) Murongyi was stabbed to death in the Eastern Jin Dynasty ("Three Immortals of Baiyun Preface Murongyi Pipa").
(2) Revenge for Cai Yong (Whampoa Leisure and Xu Wei's South Ci Narration recorded in ancient books).
(3) Ironically, Wang Si abandoned his wife and remarried (Tian Yizheng's Diary of Leaving Youth).
(4) refers to Cai Sheng (Appendix 1 of Wang Shizhen's Yi Yan Yuan Yan).
(5) Blame Deng Chang (Hu Yinglin's Talk on Zhuang Yue Committee).
6. Reject Cai Bian (Liang Shaoren's Two Kinds of Autumn Rain Temple Essays).
All landowners denounced Cai Bian, pointing to Wang Si, two kinds of theories coexist (Liang Shaoren's essays on two kinds of autumn rain temples).
Yao Xie's textual research on modern music: "The legend sends his ambition by name, but it is false, nine times out of ten." ""hundred schools of thought, talk about crazy. "
(3) Source:
Cai Bojie does exist in history (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty); During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there was a folk work about it-Lu You's poem "A boat swam into the thatched cottage and stepped on the shore": "In the ancient Liu Zhao village at sunset, Weng Zheng, who was blind with drums, has been doing it all the time. Who is in charge after death, the whole city heard that Cai Conglang. " ; Jinyuan originally had Cai Bozhen; Xu Wei's "Narration of Nanci" is "the first drama", and "Zhao Zhen's daughter Cai Erlang" abandoned her parents and married, causing Lei Zhen to die suddenly "; Tie Guai Li, Qian Ji, Old Man, Country Concert Hall and Rickas Marrying a Maid all mentioned the story of Zhao Zhen's daughter.
(4) Theme: Hu Yinglin's "On Zhuangyue Committee" thinks that "the main reason of Lun Jiao, the work of Shaoling is also" should be pinned on "Lun Jiao".
First of all, how to understand "benevolence, righteousness, loyalty and filial piety"? In any case, "benevolence" is a virtue when Wuniang is in trouble. Wu Niang serves her parents-in-law, putting her ancestors before herself, and after suffering, "chastity" is naturally commendable; As for Berger's "loyalty", it belongs to feudal morality, but the author writes that he lives in a temple and his heart is in the rivers and lakes. Obviously, he is not "all-loyal". Although "filial piety" has feudal morality (that is, "filial piety is to help relatives first, and Chinese is to help the monarch"), he finally established his position. ..... standing in the street, the later generations are famous for showing their parents, and the end of filial piety is also "-Part IV), but filial piety is for parents (that is, the" paragraph "in the play:" Whoever is a child, it is warm in winter and dies in summer, and it is saved in the morning; It should be the basic requirement of the son of man to ask him if he is cold or itchy, to support him in and out, and to respect him for everything he wants. Secondly, the attitude towards the society at that time. It exposed and satirized the society at that time, because the prime minister, the president and Li Zheng all held negative attitudes in the play.
(5) Character: Cai is a typical intellectual, who wants to avoid the world but can't, and is forced to be an official and soft, under the specific social environment of the Yuan Dynasty (Qian Nanyang's Introduction to Traditional Chinese Opera).
(6) Achievements:
(1) describes human feelings, which is apt and true, and the music is wonderful (such as the sadness of Wu Niang written in "Self-loathing dross"). "It is considerate and will achieve something; Describe the state of matter as if it were life; I didn't see a turning point during the question and answer: so Jia Er. " (Wang Shizhen's "Recalling Yan Yuan Yan")
② Bitterness and happiness are out of order-please look back: 8 out of Zhao Wuniang Yi Fu-9 out of New Jinshi Banquet Apricot Garden-10 in Wu Niang Persuades her in-laws to quarrel-10 out of Niu Xiang Lingfu; 15 Boyi is not allowed to resign from marriage-16 Wuniang was robbed of food-17 Boyi agreed to get married-18 Boyi got married in Niuzhai -65438+ (see You Guoen's History of China Literature).
(3) Metric arrangement is complete, which can be described as "the achievement of rice collection". Among them, "the priority of Qupai rhythm, the thickness of nature, the sadness and joy of voice and emotion, the combination, special application and overlap of Qupai, and the appropriate and inappropriate overlap are all arranged in a very appropriate way in combination with specific dramas" (Qian Nanyang's Introduction to Drama). The music score of later generations is called "the ancestor of Ci and Qu" because it is cited first.
The artistic features of Dou Eyuan;
First, the plot of the play is compact and focused. In the opening "Wedge", Dou E was paid back to Cai Po by her father at the age of seven, but thirteen years have passed since the first discount. During this period, the life of a child bride, her marriage, her husband's death and her widowhood were all simply explained by Cai Po and Dou E, and when it first appeared, Cai Po was murdered by Dr. Sailu and was saved by Zhang's father and son, who also forcibly adopted Cai's family and married Cai's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law respectively. This saves pen and ink, and the contradictions and conflicts are concentrated on the case of Dou E's injustice.
Second, the characters in the play are both distinctive and authentic. For example, in the face of Zhang Lver's forced marriage, Cai Po was very soft, and even asked to face the opposition. She repeatedly defended and went back to protect her. This is because Zhang Lver and his son are the saviors of Cai Po, and she can't be ungrateful instantly. Second, Zhang Lver and his son are fierce and treacherous, and Cai Po is timid. Third, Cai Po's concept of "one woman does not marry two husbands" is relatively weak. On the contrary, unlike Zhang Maolv, Zhang Maolv and his son are neither her saviors, but she is a person from a scholarly family. She firmly believes in the dogma of "one woman does not marry two husbands", has a strong personality and has illusions about the government, so she resolutely resists Zhang Maolv's forced marriage, even if the other party threatens to compromise on the charge of "killing her father-in-law". This kind of treatment makes the character of the play completely conform to the specified situation of the play.
Thirdly, the author inherits the stories of "Three Years of Drought" and "Blood is on the verge of sorrow, but it falls on the edge of sorrow" in the story of "The Book of Filial Piety in the East China Sea", and the legend of Zou Yan's uneven snowfall in June in "Huai Nan Zi" makes Dou E's three vows come true one by one, and arranges Dou E's ghost to appear in the fourth compromise, which makes the play full of romanticism.
The overall artistic features of Guan Hanqing s plays;
(1) Play more; (2) a strong sense of reality, known as a great realistic playwright; (3) Drama is permeated with fighting spirit; (4) The structure is arranged tightly and compactly, with a strong sense of stage; ⑤ The characters are vivid; 6. The true colors of language are better.