The loss of Turpan documents

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, Dunhuang documents were looted, and Turpan documents were also looted by clements, oldenburg, Stein, Glenwedale, lecocq and Zucho Tachibana from Russia, Britain, Germany and Japan. In addition to stealing a lot of art treasures, they also stole many documents and epitaphs. Wang Shunan, who was an official there at that time, also collected some documents, inscriptions and epitaphs. Because the quantity and completeness unearthed at that time were far less than Dunhuang, and because of long-term secrecy, it was rarely known to the world except for a few documents published as calligraphy works of art. It was not until the 1940s that Jin Zutong published some documents of the Tang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty that flowed into Japan. After the Second World War, the French Ma Bole's Textual Research on China Literature of Stan's Third Exploration in Central Asia was published in 1953, and the Turpan literature plundered by Stan (mainly in the Tang Dynasty) was published. In the late 1950s, the Japanese Western Regions Cultural Association compiled a six-volume Study of Western Regions Culture, in which several Turpan documents (now called Otani documents) collected by Otani Guangrui were published. In addition, some documents have been published in some monographs, such as On the Legal History of Japanese Renshi. In Ikeda's book "Research on Ancient Accounting in China", he also published a number of documents, records and charts from Shi Gaochang to the Tang Dynasty. Recently, Ryoku University in Japan began to publish the collected Otani literature and the literature plundered by the Soviet Union in Russia in the form of a catalogue. In the middle of 20th century, Huang Wenbi, an archaeologist from China, visited this area twice and obtained a number of Chinese and Uyghur documents, most of which were published in Archaeology of Turpan 1954 published by China Academy of Sciences. Since 1959, Xinjiang archaeologists have carried out more than ten large-scale excavations and cleanings, focusing on the tombs of Astana, Hala and Zhuo in Turpan, and obtained a large number of Chinese documents. In addition, there are also a few discoveries in Sha Ying Ancient City, Anjiale Ancient City and Bozixi Thousand Buddha Cave Site. Over the years, some documents have been published in magazines and cultural relics catalogues in the form of excavation reports and literature briefs, which has attracted academic attention. At the end of 1975, National Cultural Heritage Administration formed the "Turpan Document Arrangement Group" to systematically arrange and publish them in the popular version and the graphic version respectively.