People in the past have gone there by Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is vacant here.
The yellow crane will never return, and the white clouds will remain empty for thousands of years.
Qingchuan is full of Hanyang trees [①] and Parrot Island with luxuriant grass [②].
Where is Xiangguan at dusk? The misty waves on the river make people sad.
Cui Hao's early poems mostly wrote about boudoir love, reflecting women's life; later he went to the frontier fortress, and the frontier fortress poems he wrote were generous and heroic, and his poetic style became vigorous and unrestrained. But Cui Hao's most famous poem is "Yellow Crane Tower". It is said that this poem was admired by the great poet Li Bai. Ji Yougong of the Song Dynasty wrote a note under the poem "Yellow Crane Tower" in Volume 21 of "Chronicles of Tang Poems": "It is said that Taibaiyun said: 'There is a view in front of me, so Cui Hao wrote a poem on it.' So he wrote the poem "Phoenix Terrace" with The first volume of "Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" written by Xin Wenfang of the Yuan Dynasty also records that Li Bai ascended the Yellow Crane Tower, and after seeing Cui Hao's poem, he "left without doing anything, gathering his hands for the wise craftsman". Of course, this legend may not be true. Ji Yougong expressed his doubts at the end of the annotation that "maybe otherwise". However, Li Bai's poem "Ascending the Phoenix Terrace of Jinling" is indeed similar to Cui Zuo in terms of writing style. As for his poem "Parrot Island": "Parrots came to the Wujiang River, and the name of parrots was spread on the river. When parrots fly west to Longshan, how green are the trees in Fangzhou! The orchid leaves are blooming in the smoke, the wind is warm, and the oleander flowers are growing on the shore. Move. At this time, my eyes are wide open, to whom does the lonely moon of Changzhou shine?" Not only does the format of the first four sentences resemble Cui's poem, but the style of the whole poem is also evocative. Volume 1 of Fang Hui's "Ying Kui Lv Sui" during the Song and Yuan Dynasties pointed out: "This poem by Taibai is based on Cui Hao's style, which is processed in the fifth and sixth styles. The last sentence contains exclamations. This is a rhythm poem that is not very formal." Therefore. This poem has always been highly praised. Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty believed in "Canglang Poetry Talk·Poetry Review": "Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" should be the first among the seven-character rhymed poems of the Tang Dynasty." Until the influential "Three Days of Tang Poems" compiled and selected by Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty , and also placed Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" as the first chapter of the "Seven Character Rhymed Poems".
Of course, the main reason why "Yellow Crane Tower" has become a masterpiece that has been praised throughout the ages lies in the aesthetic connotation of the poem itself.
The first is the beauty of the artistic conception of images and the combination of reality and reality.
The former site of the Yellow Crane Tower is located at Huanghujitou in Huanghe Mountain (Snake Mountain) in Wuchang. It is said that it was built during the Wu Huangwu period of the Three Kingdoms and has been repeatedly destroyed and repaired in the past dynasties. In the past, the pavilion rested on the mountain and faced the river. It was majestic, brilliant, and ethereal, almost like a "fairy palace". It is said that the Immortal Son An rode a yellow crane and passed here ("Qi Xie Zhi"), and Fei Yi rode a yellow crane here to rest and drive every time he ascended to immortality ("Taiping Huanyu Ji"). The poet climbed up the building and looked into the distance, thinking about it. The first four sentences of the poem were drawn from the legend to elicit his inner feelings. The scenery embodies emotions and the meaning has imagery. The immortal rides on the crane and has gone away, never to return. The immortal has gone and the building is empty, leaving only white clouds in the sky for thousands of years. This place not only contains the emotion that time has passed and the world is boundless, but also vaguely reveals the vast atmosphere of the Yellow Crane Tower and the heroic posture of flying into the sky, towering into the clouds. The beautiful legend of the immortal crossing the crane adds a magical and charming charm to the Yellow Crane Tower. The colors are mesmerizing.
The Yellow Crane Tower is named after the Yellow Crane Mountain where it is located. The so-called "immortal riding a crane" should be attributed to its name, but it is a myth. The poet cleverly made use of these legends and developed them from the imaginary place, thus giving the poem a fascinating artistic charm. Then I started to paint real scenes. Across the river, I could see a beautiful scenery: on the clear river surface, the green trees in Hanyang area were clearly visible, and the grass on Parrot Island grew very luxuriantly. Hanyang Parrot Island was originally a sandbar in the Yangtze River southwest of Wuhan City. According to legend, it got its name because Mi Heng wrote "Parrot Ode" here in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Later, it was gradually washed away by the river. Today's Parrot Island is no longer the place it used to be before the Song Dynasty. The beautiful scenery in front of us is bright and broad, full of vitality, which makes people relaxed and happy, and lingers on until the sun sets on the river and the dusk comes. Cui Hao traveled south. After being away from home for a long time, facing the deep dusk and the vast mist, I felt homesick: "Where is my hometown at dusk? The mist on the river makes people sad." The poet wrote along the way, which not only expresses the author's feelings, The rich and complex inner feelings also show the ever-changing natural scenery, changing emotions and changing scenery of the Yellow Crane Tower, creating a beautiful and moving artistic conception. Just as Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty commented on this poem in Volume 13 of "Collection of Tang Poems": "The meaning is like Xiangxian, the spiritual words are beyond the language, and the pen is written vertically, so it is good at the wonders of the ages."
The second is the majestic and colorful beauty of painting.
The presence of paintings in poems has always been considered an artistic standard for landscape poems, and "Yellow Crane Tower" has also reached this sublime realm.
The first couplet incorporates the legend of an immortal riding a crane and depicts a close-up view of the Yellow Crane Tower, implying the towering and ethereal situation of the tower resting on the mountain and facing the river. The couplet depicts the distant view of the Yellow Crane Tower in the lyrical lament that "the Yellow Crane is gone and will never return", showing the magnificence of the tower towering into the sky and surrounded by white clouds. The wandering eyes of the couplet on the neck directly outline the bright sun scenery on the river outside the Yellow Crane Tower. The last couplet lingers and whispers, indirectly showing the hazy evening scene on the river below the Yellow Crane Tower. In the whole picture shown in the poem, the close-up, distant, day and evening views of the Yellow Crane Tower appear alternately. The changes are wonderful and the atmosphere is magnificent; contrasting with each other are the immortal Yellow Crane, famous buildings and resorts, blue sky and white clouds, and clear rivers. The sandbanks, green trees and grass, and the sunset over the river are all vivid and colorful. The whole poem is full of poetic meaning and full of painterly beauty.
The third is the musical beauty of natural tone and clear syllables.
Rhymed poetry has strict metrical requirements. In fact, "Yellow Crane Tower" does not have the standard seven rhymes. The fifth and sixth characters in the first and second sentences are actually "Yellow Crane", the third sentence uses Liuqi in succession, and the fourth sentence ends with Sanping. There is no need for antithesis, almost all the syntax of ancient poetry is used, and the words "Hanyang Tree" and "Parrot Island" in the fifth and sixth sentences also seem to be right but not right. The reason why it is considered a masterpiece of "seven-character verse" is that, in addition to its artistic conception and painting beauty as analyzed above, it is also due to its natural tone and clear syllables. The first four lines of this poem came out of the mouth easily, in one go, and went straight down, so that there was no time to pay attention to the metrical opposition of the seven lines. "Although the fifth and sixth chapters are interrupted to describe the scenery, the Qi is also flowing straight down, and the same is true when it is collected, so it is valuable." (Comments by Fang Dongshu, a Qing Dynasty scholar, see Volume 5 of Gao Buying's "Tang and Song Poems".) Since the whole poem turns in one breath, it is so valuable to read. Come and flow naturally. In addition, there are multiple uses of double tones, overlapping rhymes, and overlapping words or phrases, such as "yellow crane", "fuhui" and other double tones, double tone phrases, "here", "jiangshang" and other overlapping rhyming phrases, as well as "youyou", "youyou", "jiangshang", etc. The overlapping words such as "Li Li" and "苋苋" make the sound of this poem sonorous, clear and harmonious, and full of musical beauty.
People in the past have gone there by Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is vacant here. The yellow crane is gone and never returns, and the white clouds remain empty for thousands of years. Qingchuan is full of Hanyang trees, and the grass is luxuriant and Parrot Island is green. Where is the hometown gate at sunset? The misty waves on the river make people sad.
Cui Hao (704-754), whose name is unknown, was born in Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan). Poet of Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, he passed the Jinshi examination and served as Taipu Si Cheng and Si Xun Yuan Wai Lang. When he was young, his poetry style was light and colorful, and he mostly wrote about women. In his later years, he traveled to and from the frontier fortress and wrote many excellent frontier fortress poems. His poetry style also changed to a vigorous, vigorous, heroic and heroic style.
Yellow Crane Tower, formerly located at Huanghujitou in Snake Mountain, Wuhan, Hubei Province, was first built in the second year of Wu Huangwu (223) in the Three Kingdoms period. It has been repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt in the past dynasties. Legend has it that Fei Yi, the empress who ascended to the throne, often rode a yellow crane to rest here, hence the name Yellow Crane Tower. This poem describes what he sees and feels when he climbs the stairs, and expresses the homesickness of long-time visitors.
The Yellow Crane Tower is a famous monument, and there is a legend that Fei Yi ascended to immortality here. Therefore, climbing the Yellow Crane Tower cannot help but remind people of this beautiful and sad myth. The ancients referred to Fei Yi. The people of the past have gone away on the Yellow Crane, never to return. There is only an empty Yellow Crane Tower left here, and the white clouds floating above the tower all day long, how desolate it is! It was a blessing for people in the past to ascend to immortality, but today's desolation cannot help but make people feel sad. The first four sentences use the word "go" twice, intending to use the bygone past to highlight one's own loneliness and desolation. The four sentences are completed in one go, purely using ancient tunes, not only writing the natural feeling of just climbing the building, but also borrowing from legends Paint the poetic landscape with magical tones. Five or six sentences describe the actual scenery seen when climbing the tower. Hanyang and the Yellow Crane Tower face each other across the river, so the scenery is vivid. Parrot Island is in the Yangtze River southwest of Hanyang. Mi Heng, the author of "Parrot Ode", was killed on this island by Huang Zu. It got its name, so Parrot Island is obviously not a simple sight, but contains the poet's strong emotional factors. Finally, I write about the sunset, when the mist on the river is vast, the dusk is vast, the line of sight is blocked, and the hometown is missing, which makes the traveler feel homesick, and the poetic realm is pushed to the extreme vastness and vastness.
This poem by Cui Hao has always enjoyed a high reputation. Yan Yu, a critic in the Song Dynasty, believed that "the seven-rhythm poems of the Tang Dynasty should be ranked first." It is said that when the great poet Li Bai went to the Yellow Crane Tower, he was going to read it and write a poem. After seeing Cui Hao's poem, he could not write it, so he only wrote a limerick: "Smash the Yellow Crane Tower with one punch, and knock over Parrot Island with one kick." There is a view in front of me, but Cui Hao wrote a poem on it."