Yu Shinan was quiet and lustless, persistent and eager to learn. Li Shi Chen, Sui two generations, official worship secretary lang, living Sheren. After the demise of the Sui Dynasty, he was appointed assistant minister of Huangmen by Dou Jiande. After Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, Yu Shinan joined the army for Qin Wangfu, the recorder, and the Hong Wen Pavilion, and with Fang Xuanling, he became one of the "eighteen bachelors". During the Zhenguan period, he served as a writer, a secretary, a secretary supervisor, and so on, and successively appointed Yongxing County Zi and Yongxing County Gong, so he was known as "Yu Yongxing and Yu Secret Supervisor". Although he looks timid and weak, he is strong-willed, outspoken and dare to remonstrate, which won Li Shimin's respect. He is known as "virtue, loyalty, erudition, writing and writing". In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan died at the age of eighty-one. Gifted with the history of the Ministry of Rites, posthumous title "Wen Yi" [2], with the burial of Zhaoling. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), it was painted like Lingyange. [3]
Yu Shinan was good at calligraphy, and together with Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, he was called "the four masters in the early Tang Dynasty". Japanese academic circles call Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and Yu Shinan "the three great masters in the early Tang Dynasty". Bei Tang Shu Chao, compiled by Bei Tang Shu Chao, is regarded as one of the four major books in Tang Dynasty and one of the earliest existing books in China. The original poetry collection has 3 volumes, but it has not been completely lost. In the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled into four volumes of Yu Mi Jian Ji.
real name
Yu Shinan
alias
Yu Wenyi, Yu Yongxing, Yu Mijian
Bo Shi
Time
Southern and Northern Dynasties → Sui Dynasty → Tang Dynasty
Ethnic groups
Han nationality
Character relationship
Yu Ji < Father Yu Li, the illegitimate son of the Prince of Chen Dynasty, has a high reputation. Yu Shinan's uncle, Yu Ji, was an assistant minister in the official position of the Chen Dynasty. Since he had no children, Yu Shinan adopted Yu Ji as his son, so he took the word Bo Shi. [5]
Yu Shinan, like
Yu Shinan, was quiet and lustless, determined and studied hard. When he was young, he studied under the door of the famous writer Gu Yewang with his brother Yu Shiji. He studied for more than ten years, and he worked hard and thought tirelessly. Sometimes he didn't wash his face or comb his hair for ten days. He is good at writing articles, and Xu Ling, a famous writer who once studied the law, also thinks that Yu Shinan has got his true marrow. Zhi Yong, a monk in the same county with him, is the seventh grandson of Wang Xizhi. He is good at calligraphy. Yu Shinan worships Zhi Yong as a teacher and won the true biography of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, which made him even more famous. [6]
Abide by etiquette
In the second year of Chen Wendi Tianjia (561), Yu Shinan's father Yu Li died [7]. At that time, Yu Shinan was still young, and he could hardly bear mourning because of grief. Chen Wendi knew that Yuli's two sons were knowledgeable, and often sent messengers from the palace to their home to help defend them.
When the mourning period expired, Yu Shinan was called to join the army for Fa Cao, the king of Jian 'an. His uncle Yu Ji was captured by Chen Baoying, the prefect of Jin 'an, in Fujian and Vietnam. Although Yu Shinan had removed his mourning, he was still clothed in clothes and vegetables. In the fifth year of Tianjia (564), Chen Baoying was defeated, and Yu Ji survived, which made Yu Shinan take off his cloth and eat meat. [8]
Er Yu entered Beijing
In the first year of Chen Houzhu to Germany (583), he was appointed as Xiyang Wang You. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai (589), after the demise of the Chen Dynasty, Yu Shinan and Yu Shiji went to Chang 'an, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. Both brothers were famous for a while. At that time, people compared them to Lu Ji and his brother Lu Yun in the Western Jin Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Yangdi Yang Guang was still the king of Jin. Hearing their fame, Yang Guang sent them together with the documents drafted by Qin Wang Yang Jun. Yu Shinan refused resolutely on the pretext of his mother's old age, and Yang Guang ordered the messengers to chase them. [9]
In the first year of Daye (65), Yu Shinan was successively awarded the title of secretary lang and was promoted to the position of householder. With Yu Chuo and Yu Zizhi, he wrote "Changzhou Jade Mirror" [1]. In the same year, he was in mourning because of his mother's death. [11] At that time, Yu Shiji was very important in the dynasty, and his wife dressed like a king. Although Yu Shinan lived with them, he was poor and thrifty and did not change his temperament. [12]
After the change of Jiangdu, Yu Shinan went to Liaocheng with Yu Wenhuaji. In the second year of Wude (619), Yu Wenhuaji was defeated and beheaded [13], and Yu Shinan was captured by Dou Jiande. Dou Jiande appointed him assistant minister of Huangmen. [14][15]
Dare to remonstrate
In the fourth year of Wude (621), after Li Shimin, the king of Qin, destroyed Dou Jiande, Yu Shinan was appointed as the Qin Wangfu to join the army, and soon he was transferred to the bookkeeping office to join the army. In October, Li Shimin was appointed as the general of Tiance, and a literary museum was established. Yu Shinan was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hong Wen Pavilion, and he and Fang Xuanling * * * wrote a letter to Wenhan. [16][17]
Liu Songnian's "Eighteen Bachelor's Figures"
In the five years of Wude (622 years), he and Pei Ju wrote "The Fierce Book Instrument" [18].
in June of the 9th year of Wude (626), after Li Shimin was officially named as the Prince, Yu Shinan was promoted to the position of Prince Sheren. [19][2]
In August of the same year, Li Shimin acceded to the throne, and Yu Shinan was transferred to the post of Zhu Lang, with a bachelor's degree in Hong Wen Pavilion. At that time, Yu Shinan was aging, and the above-mentioned request for resignation was rejected by Emperor Taizong, and he was promoted to the right bastard of the Prince. Yu Shinan resolutely refused to accept it and was awarded less supervision as a secretary. [21]
in the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), he participated in the compilation of "Group of Books and Politicians". [22]
In July, in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Yu Shinan presented the article "On Virtue", and Taizong gave Yu Shinan a handwritten imperial edict saying, "Your evaluation is too high. How dare I compare with the ancient emperors, only slightly better than the modern ones? However, you have just seen the beginning, and you don't know the end. If I can really start from the beginning to the end, then your remark can be passed down to the afterlife; Otherwise, I am afraid it will only become the laughing stock of future generations! " [23]
In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), Yu Shiji was transferred to the post of secretary supervisor, and was given the title of Yongxing County. Taizong valued his extensive knowledge, and often called Shinan together to talk about the history of Confucian classics when dealing with military and political affairs. Although Yu Shinan looks timid and weak, he is strong-willed, gains and losses in power, and dares to speak out. Emperor Taizong once said to his courtiers, "I used my spare time to discuss ancient and modern political affairs with Shinan. There was a mistake in one word, and I was disappointed and resentful. He was sincere to this extent, and I used him well." The princes are all like Shinan, and the world is still worried about what can't be governed. " [24]
in the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Yu Shinan was appointed as the duke of Yongxing County. [25] In the same year, Longyou landslide, serpents appeared many times, and Shandong and Jianghuai were flooded many times. Emperor Taizong asked "the sky changes". Taking the landslides since the Jin Dynasty as an example, Yu Shinan took the opportunity to exhort Taizong to follow moral principles, and hoped that Taizong would not be complacent because of his high achievements, nor be complacent and lax because of his long peace. After listening to this, Taizong meditated and thought that this statement had a warning effect on himself. In April of the same year, Kang Guo presented a lion, and Emperor Taizong ordered Yu Shinan to compose a poem for it. [26][27]
In the ninth year of Zhenguan (635), Emperor Tang gaozu died, and Yu Shinan repeatedly discouraged Taizong from building a mausoleum for a heavy burial, which made Taizong somewhat restrained. [28] He also sternly discouraged Taizong not to indulge in hunting and neglect political affairs. All these played a positive role in the "rule of chastity" at that time. [29]
Deeply remembered
In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan submitted a request to resign and return to his hometown. With the permission of Emperor Taizong's imperial edict, he was still awarded Dr. Yin Qingguang Lu and a bachelor's degree from Hong Wen Pavilion. [31]
Yu Shinan's inscription
On May 25th of the same year [32] (July 11th), Yu Shinan died in Chang 'an at the age of 81. [31][33] After Taizong heard the news, he mourned for him in Biedi, wept bitterly, and wrote to Wang Wei Lee Tae: "Yu Shinan is loyal to me, picking up the missing pieces, and forgetting every day. It is actually a contemporary famous minister and ethical. If I make a small mistake, I will make a face-to-face accusation. Now that I am dead, there is no one in the court! " Give the East Garden a secret weapon, bury Zhaoling with him, and give the history of the Ministry of Rites and posthumous title Wenyi. [2][34]
In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), on February 28th, Emperor Taizong ordered Yan Liben to draw a picture of twenty-four heroes in Lingyange, all life-sized, and Yu Shinan was among them, ranking twentieth [35]. [3]
In the 14th year of Dali (779), on June 1st, Tang Daizong assessed the previous generation of heroes, and Yu Shinan and other eleven people were rated as the second class. [3]
In the first year of Jianzhong (78), thirty-four people, including Yu Shinan, were rated as the first class heroes by Tang Dezong. [3]
The main influence
Literature
Yu Shinan's articles are graceful, similar to Xu Ling's. Emperor Taizong was advised not to be a palace-style poem, but his poems, except "Chant to Chan", were mostly made for catering, serving peace and feasting, with beautiful dictionaries and vague contents. [37]
Yu Shinan's head portrait
Yu Shinan's representative works include Jieke Juvenile Field Trip, Hatred Songs, Fu De Lin Chi Zhu Ying Zhi, Cicada, Feng He Yong Feng Ying Wei Wang Jiao and Chusai (written by Yu Shiji) and so on. Among them, the last three poems are about bamboo, cicada and wind, which firmly grasp the characteristics of the object and portray it vividly. For example, the poem "Cicada" writes that cicadas drink clear dew and live in the height of phoenix trees, and the sound is far away because of the height, rather than relying on the autumn wind, which means that gentlemen should be as high and far away as cicadas, so they don't have to rely on and be controlled by other things. Its skill in describing objects and expressing aspirations can be seen. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian called this poem (Cicada) "Chen Sui's physique still exists, but he pursues the fine police and gradually opens up tang style" when commenting on two poems. [38]
Three forgotten poets: who wrote the first poem of the founding of the Tang Dynasty?
Favorite history
Praise 62
Read 12,
Calligraphy
Yu Shinan's calligraphy inherits the tradition of two kings (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi), which is soft on the outside and firm on the inside, and the brushwork is harmonious and elegant. Together with Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, they are called the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Li Sizhen of the Tang Dynasty listed his books as "upper and lower products" and commented: "Xiao is scattered and scattered, and the grass is really obedient, such as Luo Ji Jiao Chun and He Hong playing in the marsh, so it is above (Xiao) Ziyun." The book Duane lists its official and running scripts as wonderful products, saying that its book "has the macro rules of Daling (Wang Xianzhi), which contains the positive colors of the five parties, shows its graceful appearance, wisdom and courage." Xiuling dangerous peak, everywhere; When walking grass, I am especially biased. And its teeth, to escape. "
Confucius Temple Monument
The Book Narration Fu says: "Yongxing (Yu Shinan) is beyond, writes like a god, never hesitates, and has no shame on the world." Xuanhe Shupu thinks that the official book in his later years is the same as Wang Xizhi's, and then talks about Europe and Yu, saying: "Yu contains rigidity and softness, while Europe exposes bones and muscles, and a gentleman hides things, and Yu is the best." Huang Tingjian, a Song Dynasty poet, praised his masterpiece "Confucius Temple Monument": "Yu Shu Temple Zhenguan Carved, which was bought in two thousand gold."
Yu Shinan doesn't choose paper and pen when writing, but he pays great attention to sitting posture and wrist movement. He believes that as long as the posture is correct and the wrist is weak, even thick paper and bald pen can be handy and creative. [39]
Yu Shinan's works have not been preserved much in the Yuan Dynasty. Apart from what we have seen today, there are handed down books, such as Confucius Temple Monument, Theory of Breaking Evil, and running scripts, such as Epitaph of Princess Runan and Preface to the Orchid Pavilion. One of "Three Prefaces of Imitating Lanting in Tang Dynasty" was passed down as Yu Shinan's ink.
Thought
Yu Shinan followed Confucianism and practiced self-cultivation. Emperor Taizong often introduced and talked about * * * the concept of Confucian classics and history. Every time it comes to the gains and losses of past dynasties, there must be rules and regulations, and there will be many benefits. Emphasize the study of classics and history, and think that sages have been around since ancient times. "Persuade to learn and make a name for yourself", if you don't learn, you will be "unknown and unknown". Advocating Confucius' thought of "saving and loving others" advocates thin burial. It is believed that the emperors in ancient times were buried thinly, not because they didn't want to honor their relatives, but it was really tiring to have high graves and treasures. It is a long-term solution for a saint to think deeply and be content with a thin burial. Yu Shinan is a generation of Confucian ministers; It plays a certain role in expanding the influence of Confucianism. [4]
Book Collection
When Yu Shinan was in office, he made full use of the national book collection and edited 16 volumes of Beitang Book Banknotes. Beitang is the backyard of the secretary province, hence its name. The book is divided into 19 parts, which are divided into 852 categories. The content of 19 parts is very extensive, including emperors, afterlife, etiquette, clothes, ornaments and costumes, etc. Among them, a large number of Confucian materials are collected, which plays the role of imparting knowledge and making reference to the text. It is one of the four major books in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, he participated in the compilation of 5 volumes of "A Collection of Books", which collected articles on the rise and fall of governing the country from ancient times to the Jin Dynasty, and collected 12 kinds of classics and 1 volumes; 8 kinds of history books, 2 volumes; Sub-books, four books, 7 kinds, 2 volumes. Many rare books in the early Tang Dynasty, Huan Tan, Zhong Changtong and other famous Confucian scholars in the previous generation, also rely on this book to get its outline. There are many personal collections of paintings and calligraphy works, and some books are kept at home. The collection has seals such as "Shinan" [41].
Yu Shinan's calligraphy
has 1 volumes of Rabbit Garden Collection, and another 1 volumes of poems and poems are published in the world. The original collection of 3 volumes, prefaced by Chu Liang, [42] has been lost. Complete Tang Poems compiled his poems in one volume [43], and Complete Tang Poems included his poems and notes [39]. In the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled four volumes of Yu Mi Jian Ji, which was included in Siming Series.
historical evaluation
feng deyi: shiji (Yu shiji) was punished, and Shinan crawled and asked for a replacement; After the death of kindness (Xu Shanxin), Jingzong (Xu Jingzong) danced to survive. [45]
Bust of Yu Shinan
Li Shimin: ① I have lost a word with Shang Lue, Yu Shinan in ancient and modern times because of my spare time, and I feel sorry for it. If it is sincere, I will use it with courtesy. If all the ministers are in the south, why bother to ignore the world! [3] (2) Shinan, a talented person, is also a five-skill. One is loyalty, the other is friendship, the third is blog, the fourth is rhetoric, and the fifth is writing. (3) Yu Shinan to me, still one. Picking up the missing, forgetting it every day, is a contemporary famous minister, and people are accurate. If I have a small mistake, I will be ashamed and remonstrate it. Today, its cloud is dead, and there is no one in the Shiqu and Dongguan. How can we regret it? [3] (4) does history, yongxing Wen Yigong Yu Shinan, virtue chunbei, text for ci zong, devoted to rewelding night, aim at loyalty. [3] (5) Yu Shinan learned from ancient times to modern times, and he was faithful to filial piety and straight, with many great benefits. [46]⑥ Yu Shinan died, and there was no writer! [47]
Chu Liang: He is dedicated to raising his voice, and his carving is peerless. Collect the immortal, and include six arts. [48]
Pei Xingjian: Chu Suiliang is not good at writing and writing, and he has never learned a book, but he is brilliant without choosing pen and ink, and he is more than Yu Shinan. [49]
Li Sizhen: Yu Shinan's Xiao is scattered and scattered, and the grass is really obedient, such as Luo Qi's charming spring and Hu Hong's playing in the marsh, so it is above the cloud.
Wu Jing: Emperor Taizong was so pleased with his words that Wei Zhi, Wang Xuan, Yu Shinan, Li Daliang, Cen Wenben, Liu Yue, Ma Zhou, Chu Suiliang, Du Zhenglun, and Gao Jifu were sometimes invited to important positions. [5]
Bai Juyi: Since the National Dynasty, Liu Dewei, Zhang Wenxie and Tang Lin have been Dali Qing, and Wei Zhi, Yu Shinan and Yan Shigu have been secretaries. They have been appointed as officials, and they have won the honor of being virtuous. [51]
Zhang Huaiguan: Bo Shili is a wonderful person. [52]
Jia Dan: Yu Shu is clever in the book, and the style naturally returns to the avenue. Unlike Huai Su, who only attacked the top, Zhang Zhiwei did not create grass. The situation is simple, the bones and muscles are old, and the father and son hug each other. Lonely green is like bamboo, and it is swifter, and broad and white is like a vast wavelength. If you can be square, you can't fall down, and your kung fu is not difficult to find. It should be noted that the tablet of Confucius temple is the treasure in the green box. [53]
Pei Jing: He is known as a scholar and a scholar.