1: Plato (427-347 BC), an ancient Greek sage and the originator of "spiritual love", believed that the love between men and women was the highest form of emotion in the world. He was also the earliest communist. When discussing marriage in his immortal work "Utopia", he said that the ideal society should be: one property, one wife, and one son. At the age of 81, he passed away while happily chatting and laughing at a wedding banquet.
2: Copernicus (1473-1543): Polish astronomer
In an era without telescopes, he felt the earth rotating under his feet. He lived with the well-born Anna for ten years. He lived for many years, but was eventually split up by the conservative church (which deprived Copernicus of his right to marry). On May 24, 1543, after many ups and downs, his masterpiece "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" was finally published. An hour later, he died.
3: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian genius
Genius. He is an artist, mathematician, physicist, medical scientist, engineer, architect... He has designed helicopters, aircraft, hot air balloons, siege engines, as well as urban defense systems and drainage systems. , he also studied human anatomy, proportion, perspective... When he was 24 years old, he was accused of having an affair with a man, but he denied it. He died of illness in France in 1519. However, his identity as a comrade has been basically recognized by future generations.
4: Raphael (1483-1520) Italian painter
As one of the 'Three Musketeers' of the European Renaissance (the other two: Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo) Raphael also died young at the age of 37. The figures in Raphael's paintings are delicate and the scenes are peaceful, and they are especially famous for their "beauty", just like himself. He was never married and was once engaged to Mattia, the niece of a cardinal (haha, not a cardinal), but unfortunately it ended.
5: Elizabeth I (1533-1603): Queen of England
Elizabeth was not very lucky as a teenager. When she was three years old, her mother was killed by her father, and her chance of inheriting the throne was also limited. It was very slim, unless all the previous brothers and sisters died, it would be her turn, and it all happened. Her younger brother Edward ascended the throne at the age of 10 and died at the age of 16. Then his elder sister Mary succeeded to the throne, and soon died of depression, so the 25-year-old The young, beautiful and enlightened Elizabeth came to the top of England. Unfortunately, in order to consolidate the throne, she fought between Spain and France, the powerful powers at the time, and gave up her marriage. In the end, she died as an old maid, and in exchange for the rise of the British Empire.
6: Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist
Everyone who has attended high school knows Descartes coordinates. He is the foundation of analytic geometry. People, whether they have gone to college or not, the famous statement "I think, therefore I am" has become popular among many people. Descartes lived a carefree life and inherited his father's rich inheritance. His only hobby was to think, think, and think again. When he was forty years old, he lived with his domestic servant Helen and gave birth to a daughter, Francini. Unfortunately, Francini died at the age of 5. In September 1649, Queen Christina of Sweden (another famous single iron lady) invited Lao Di, who was born weak, to teach philosophy at the Stockholm court. Five months later, he died of illness in Northern Europe at the age of 54.
7: Pascal: (1623-1662) French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist
His mother died when he was three years old. When he was 11 years old, he wrote his first paper "Sound" "Essence of Conic Sections", wrote "Theory of Conic Sections" at the age of 16, and then invented the world's first digital computer (there is a computer language named after him: PASCAL language), and then "Theory of Fluid Equilibrium" and "Atmosphere" "The Theory of Gravity" and two works. "In his later years" (in his 30s), he wrote the philosophical work "Records of Thoughts", and then died of illness at the age of 39. He has never been in love in his life, and his relationship with his sister is unusual.
8: Christina (1626-1689) Queen of Sweden
She was the apple of her father's eye. She ascended the throne at the age of 6 and liked horseback riding and shooting.
She was smart and intelligent. She was already proficient in Latin, Greek, German, French, Italian and Spanish at the age of 14. She loved her cousin but refused to marry him. She said: I have to tell you frankly, I don't want to marry him. I will marry you, but I can also promise that I will never marry anyone else. Sweden was peaceful and peaceful under her rule. She also loved learning and was good at recruiting talents. During her reign, she founded Sweden's first newspaper and the first national school, and attracted many famous European scholars to give lectures. However, at its peak, At that time, the 28-year-old queen gave up the throne to her once beloved cousin, then traveled around Europe and settled in Rome, where she died in 1689.
9: Newton (1642-1727), a great British scientist
Some people say that because of Newton, all single people in the world will no longer be alone. Believe it or not! He was his father's posthumous son, and his birth changed the whole world. He was the founder of modern mechanics and the discoverer of gravity. He analyzed the composition of white light and discovered calculus simultaneously with Leibniz. There was almost no record of being close to women during Newton's life. He lived a great life alone and found solace in religion in his later years (science and religion can coexist). In March 1727, he was buried in the famous Westminster. Temple cathedral.
10: Voltaire (1694-1778), a modern French thinker
Before he went to the guillotine, Louis XVI read the works of Voltaire and Rousseau. He said: This Two men destroyed France. Indeed, the 18th century was the century of the French and the world's earliest experimental field of revolution, and Voltaire and others were the spiritual leaders of this revolution. He had 99 volumes of magnificent works, and lived with his married lover Emily for 20 years until the latter died without heirs. In 1778, Voltaire died at the age of 84, and the church refused to bury him in Paris. In 1791, when the French Revolution broke out, his body was moved to the Panthéon in Paris, and a state burial was given. The tomb was next to Rousseau, and his heart was put into a box and stored in the National Library in Paris.
11: Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher
Kant was a stubborn little old man because he had never left K?nigsberg in his life. In his little piece of land, he wrote the "Critique of Pure Reason", and then philosophers all over the world began to study it carefully. He lived a consistent life for decades, and his daily afternoon walks were so punctual that the people of K?nigsberg used him to set the time on their wall clocks. He lived a step-by-step life like this, without a wife or children, until the flower of life withered. Schopenhauer said that only philosophers' marriages can be happy, but true philosophers do not need to get married. Kant must be well aware of this paradox, right?
12: Beethoven (1770-1829) German musician
Beethoven, with his veritable anger and his surly eyes, is cold and powerful. It was this angry man who wrote the majestic "Symphony of Heroes" and "Symphony of Destiny", and it was this angry man who wrote the gentle "Moonlight" and "For Alice". Beethoven's life was full of pain, troubled love, and deafness in his prime. He loved countless women, but they all preferred to marry others. Was it because he was ugly? Or from humble beginnings? It's hard for us to know. What we know is that he got angrier and wrote more beautiful music. Who can tell?
13: Schopenhauer (1788-1860) German philosopher
Schopenhauer lived a lonely life without a wife, children or even a mother (he broke up with his mother in his 20s, He hated women the most in his life) and lived a lonely, melancholy and cynical life. Schopenhauer hated all women in the world. He thought women were cunning, hypocritical, and irrational. What he couldn't figure out the most in his life was why so many stupid men liked those ugly women with "narrow shoulders/short legs/fat hips". He said that love is a lie, marriage is a grave, and if one person is unhappy, multiple people We won't be happy either. We are like hedgehogs crowded together. We can't get too close because it will sting people, and we can't get too far because we are afraid of the cold.
14: Buchanan (1791-1869) the fifteenth president of the United States
So far, the only president in American history who has never married. Buchanan chose to be single because he fell in love with the rich man's daughter when he was young, but was blocked by her parents, who believed that he was in love with her family's property. The daughter listened to her parents' slander, felt so remorseful, and committed suicide. "I feel that happiness has left me since then," Buchanan once said sadly. Then he devoted himself to politics and used his career to fill his tired heart. During his tenure, the role of White House hostess fell to his niece, who seemed to be even more beloved than her presidential uncle. Before he died, Buchanan said: "I have faithfully performed my duties with a clear conscience. I have no regrets. History will confirm my unstained life."
15: Jane Austen (1775- 1817) British writer
Austen lived in old England, and she eventually became an old girl. "Mrs. Bennard worries all day long about how to marry off her five daughters smoothly." This is the beginning of Jane's most famous novel "Pride and Prejudice". Presumably Austen's mother also had a relationship with Mrs. Bennard. The same troubles, but different from the novel, Austin's mother finally did not see the day her daughter got married. Austin is smart and beautiful. It is said that she was once infatuated with love. Her youthful lovelorn was the reason why she never married. Some people also say that she may be lesbian. Her very close relationship with her sister is suspicious (her sister Cassandra burned her to death before she died. (most of Jane's letters to her), but these are no longer testable. What can be tested is that in the novel, Elizabeth found Darcy, but Austen did not find the one who belonged to her. At the age of 42, she was young. Died young.
16: Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) Dutch painter
No matter what kind of sky-high prices Van Gogh's paintings can fetch, it has nothing to do with him. . His short 37-year life was full of humiliation and bitterness, countless dismissals and incomprehensions, countless rejections and disputes, which drove him into obsessive madness. Until that evening in July 1890, he raised the The pistol was pointed at his temple... In 1888, one of his few friends, Gauguin, came to visit. Soon the two had a dispute. Out of anger, Van Gogh cut off one of his ears, and Gauguin was scared away. , he was sent to a mental hospital, surrounded by confusion and incomprehensible anger... He died six months later and was buried next to his brother's grave.
17: Andersen (1805-1879) Danish writer
There is a bronze statue of "Mermaid" in Copenhagen's Seaside Park. It is the symbol of Denmark, the daughter of the sea, and the daughter of the sea. Andersen's daughter. The most famous fairy tale writer in the world has been lonely all his life and has experienced his life like an ugly duckling. He left behind a series of beautiful fairy tales such as "The Daughter of the Sea", "The Little Match Girl" and "The Emperor's New Clothes", but left his loneliness to himself. He once had his childhood sweetheart, a beautiful girl named Boer. Until his death, the 70-year-old Andersen still kept the letter that Boer wrote to her. Her beautiful handwriting reflected on the yellowed paper: The world is like smoke.
18: Engels (1820-1895) German thinker
The 24-year-old Engels wrote "The Condition of the Working Class in England". At the age of 28, he even published "*" with Marx. The Communist Manifesto" set off a vigorous proletarian revolution. He came from a well-to-do family, but he was closely involved with the proletarian people. In particular, he helped Marx from time to time. After Ma's death, he compiled documents and published collections for him. He was deeply affectionate for Marx. At the age of 22, Engels lived with Mary, an Irish textile worker, until Mary's death in 1863. Then Engels lived with Mary's sister Lixi. He never went through the marriage formalities, because in "Family, Marriage and Private Property" he once said: Marriage, those Ceremonies sanctioned by the state and held in churches are redundant and unnecessary.
19: Nobel (1833-1895) Swedish scientist
Nobel’s greatest achievement in his life was not the invention of dynamite, but the award of a prize. Regardless of nationality, regardless of gender, as long as Regardless of the size of your contribution, this has shrouded all the great scientists (literary writers and pacifists) in later generations under his halo. Nobel only used one will to win the eternal fame before and after him. This is The best thing money can buy. It’s not that Nobel has never been in love, but unfortunately, the sweethearts he loves marry other people. As for the fact that there was no mathematics prize in the end, it was because his love rival was a mathematician. In fact, it was mostly made up by good people.
20: Nietzsche (1844-1900) German philosopher
In 1875, the thirty-one-year-old Nietzsche said: "I wander around, as lonely as a rhinoceros. "At that time, all his best friends were getting married one after another, but he was the only one who had no love to return to. In the end, he gave his virginity to a brothel and contracted syphilis. Then he said angrily: Do you want to go to a woman? Don't forget to bring your whip! After the age of 45, Nietzsche fell into madness. After a quarrel with his best friend Wagner, he was sent to a mental hospital. His only sister took care of him for ten years. One morning in the new century, he quietly Left the world.
21: Su Manshu (1884-1918) Chinese poet, writer, painter, and calligrapher
He became a monk several times, but still never got entangled in love. He was the founder of the Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School. people. Master Manshu is probably the most romantic flower monk in China. The list of his lovers: Qingmei Juzi, cousin Jingzi, junior sister Xuehong, neighbor Peishan, friend's wife He Zhen, brothel Jinfeng... He died in Shanghai at the age of 35 due to gastrointestinal disease. , just like his own poem: The flowers and plants in the world are too hasty, and the flowers are empty when the spring trees are withered.
22: Garbo (1905-1990) Hollywood superstar.
A British journalist said her face was the ultimate in human evolution and that she was the most melancholy Scandinavian since Hamlet. Adolf Hitler was also a fan of hers. During World War II, Garbo once said: I want to kill him. She is a real cold beauty: confused, lost and lonely. Her own evaluation: I am clumsy, shy, nervous, fearful, and overly sensitive to my English. That is why I built a high wall around myself and stayed there forever. Hide behind it. "I will be single all my life", this is Garbo's line in "Christine", and she practiced it well. "Have you really never loved anyone else?" Someone asked, "Yes, Stiller." (The director who led Garbo to Hollywood, gay). Garbo was nominated for four Oscars, but never won. Later, the Oscar committee set up a special award for Garbo in recognition of her shining performance in the film. Of course, she did not accept it. Her friends said that she never received it. I haven't seen that award in her home. She is the eternal mystery girl.
23: Jin Yuelin (1895-1984) Chinese philosopher, logician, and lover
If we talk about the most talented woman in modern China, it is none other than Lin Huiyin. Three unparalleled Excellent men suffer for her all their lives: one broke his leg (Liang Si became a beauty and smiled, and fell out of the car in a hurry); the other, in order to find a beautiful woman, thought the plane was too slow, so he flew down first (Xu Zhimo ), this last one is our Mr. Jin. For her, he will never marry for the rest of his life (think about Liang Du’s marriage after Lin passed away), and he lives next to his love rival, becoming a lifelong friend, a love affair, and people from three continents*** Shocked. "A poetic Qianxun Waterfall, an eternal April day in the world." This was Mr. Jin's elegiac couplet after Lin passed away. One day many years later, he suddenly invited his friends to dinner. During the dinner, he said: Today is Huiyin's birthday, everyone. All true. In his later years, a reporter once tried to tamper with the "absolute privacy" of the old man. He thought for a long time and then said with a hint of sadness: "Everything I said should be said to her. I can't say it myself - I have no chance to talk to her." I said it, so I don’t want to say it, and I don’t want to say it!”
24: Paul Sartre (1905-1980): French existentialist philosopher
Sartre Te always looks like this: holding a big pipe in his mouth, staring at others behind thick lenses with a pair of disbelieving eyes.
He did not believe in people. He refused all official honors (including refusing to receive the 1964 Nobel Prize for Literature). He was hailed as "the conscience of mankind in the twentieth century." Sartre's love affair with Beauvoir, the pioneer of feminists, is known as a beautiful story in the history of philosophy. They spared no effort to practice their philosophy, and for a while, they even had an ambiguous relationship with Beauvoir's student Olga, for the reason: to re-create the relationship between people. It is impossible for Beauvoir to marry Sartre, because her feminist ideas are so thorough that she rejects any possibility of male superiority, let alone marriage as a yoke to women? When Sartre died in 1980, 60,000 Paris citizens paid a grand funeral for him. The French President d'Estaing at the time said: Sartre's death made me feel that a bright light of human wisdom has been extinguished.
25: Marcel Proust (1871-1922)-----French writer
Born into a noble family, he was frail and sick since childhood, and even became bedridden as an adult. I couldn't afford it, so much so that I couldn't leave the door, and I recalled the good times in the past alone in bed, and recorded them. The seven-volume "Reminiscence of Lost Time" was born in this way, becoming the founder of the school of consciousness. originator. (This great work is also recognized as the least-read classic of all time - because it is too long, as long as seven "Dream of Red Mansions".) "Reminiscence" is an autobiographical novel, and the plot can be true or false. , but the prototypes of the characters can all be found around Proust. What’s more egregious, and what Proust is smarter about, is that the pretty girls he admires in the novel are actually Helixiu. In reality, "They" are all tough men. Well, needless to say, this sick Yaya tuberculosis patient is actually a hidden comrade.
26: Kafka (1883-1924) Austrian writer
Kafka was just an insurance salesman until his death. Before his death, he commissioned his friend Browder to burn it All his manuscripts were published but not executed. It was because of this that he enjoyed such posthumous honors. But what did such honors have to do with him? None of his three novels ("The Trial", "The Proceedings" and "The Castle") were completed, but they have become classics studied by modern people. Just like the severed arm of Venus, no one knows where it was lost. He has been hesitating, wandering, and undecided all his life, including love. He was engaged to Miss Phyllis twice and broke the contract twice. Finally, he announced: "Spiritually, I am unable to get married, and you will not be happy." "I want to be alone at all costs, I want to cut off everything and everyone at all costs" - quoted from Kafka's diary, he did it.
27: Stendhal (1783～1842) French writer
My real name is Henri Beyle. Born in Grenoble on January 23, 1783 and died in Paris on March 23, 1842. In 1796, he entered the local central school. He went to Paris in 1799 and served in the Ministry of War. He accompanied Napoleon's army to Italy and Moscow. After the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty in 1814, he went to live in Milan, Italy, and engaged in writing. The first work published in 1815 was the biography of musicians "The Lives of Haydn, Mozart and Metastass". In 1817 he published "History of Italian Painting". The Biography of Napoleon was completed in 1837, but was not published until after his death. He returned to Paris in 1821 and continued his writing career. In 1827, he published his first novel "Amance", which described the aristocratic life during the Restoration period and ruthlessly satirized the decadent feudal class. The novella "Vanina Vannini", which came out two years later, reflects the Italian Carbonari people's struggle for national liberation through a story of sharp contradictions between revolution and love.
28: Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Danish Christian thinker. A precursor to existentialism. Born in Copenhagen on May 5, 1813 and died on November 11, 1855. He studied theology at the University of Copenhagen in his early years and is famous for his criticism of rational philosophy, especially Hegelianism. The main purpose of its philosophy is to demonstrate the principles of personality and belief in God through personal life experience.
He believes that existence is an individual's existence composed of pain, trouble, loneliness, despair, lust, enthusiasm and other emotions. Individuals constantly transcend themselves towards God and define themselves in their relationship with God, the "absolute other". His philosophical thoughts are mostly expressed through literary works, often in the form of diaries and aphorisms. His thoughts had a great influence in Germany, France and other countries after the First World War, and played a leading role in the emergence and development of existentialism. He is the author of "Either/Or: A Slice of Life" and so on.
29: Beauvoir (1908-1986) French writer, feminist, Sartre’s lifelong partner
Men’s Bible is called “HOLLY BIBLE”, but what about women’s? The answer is The Second Sex. It is no exaggeration to say that the emergence of Beauvoir changed half the world: women have stood up since then! "Women are not born, but become." This is Beauvoir's most famous assertion. So many previous philosophers, such as Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, were full of deep hatred for women and believed that they were innate. Stupid and hopeless! Those who save others should save themselves. Beauvoir sealed their mouths with facts. When Sartre died in 1980, Beauvoir composed "Farewell Ceremony". Six years later, she and Sartre were buried together in the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris.
30: Heath (1916-2005) British Prime Minister
In 1974, he visited China. Mao Zedong said: I went to Hong Kong in 1997 to see the return; Premier Zhou said: We all Coming! In fact, Heath became the only person to see it with his own eyes. Looking back on the past, is there some desolation? He was the 47th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He stepped down in 1974. His greatest achievement was to promote the United Kingdom to join the European Union. At the age of 34, Cheng Yaojin met halfway. A veteran stole away his girlfriend Kai Leiwen, whom he had been in love with for more than ten years. From then on, he never married, and he did not like to talk about marriage. He once said angrily: I Never regret not having a wife. I just hear a lot of people regretting their wives. (Heath’s passion is music. He has grade 8 piano and can play the piano whenever he sees it. He was once invited to Beijing to conduct the Central Symphony Orchestra)
31: Michel Foucault (1926-1984) French postgraduate student Modern Thinkers
In 1981, the first case of AIDS was discovered in Los Angeles. Three years later, Foucault contracted the fashionable disease and died within a short period of time. His same-sex partner Daniel .Defer then established the first national AIDS association in France. "As long as homosexuality is not tolerated, it will not be a truly civilized society." Foucault said. His judgment brought a glimmer of hope to countless comrades, but he died before dawn.