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One of the main characteristics of Yi branch is that vowels become monosyllabic and tense.
Yi language is a typical vowel monosyllabic language, and most dialects have tense vowels. There are many initials and fewer finals; Initial consonant stops, stops and fricatives are divided into voiced sounds, and some dialects have nasal crown voiced consonants and fricatives. There are usually three or four flat tones.
The basic word order is "subject-object-predicate", nouns and personal pronouns are used as attributes before the head word, adjectives and quantifiers are used as modifiers after the head word.
Quantifiers are abundant, and the self-dynamics and causative dynamics of some verbs are alternately expressed by initials and consonants.
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Yi language is divided into six dialects: northern dialect, distributed in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan; Eastern dialect, distributed in western Guizhou, northeastern Yunnan and western Guangxi; Southeast dialect, distributed in southeast Yunnan; Southern dialect, distributed in southern Yunnan; Western dialect, distributed in western Yunnan; Central dialect, distributed in central Yunnan.
There are great differences between dialects, mainly vocabulary, followed by pronunciation.
Yi people who speak different dialects cannot communicate with each other.
(B) Yi language
Yi language, known as Yi language, Shu language, Dan language, Luo language and Yi language in history, has more than 10,000 words. It is a syllable language in the development of ideographic phonology, which is popular in northern, eastern, southern and southeastern dialect areas.
Early stone inscriptions and Yi inscriptions were found, such as the Lanlongqiao Monument in Guizhou (1259), the inscription of Chenghua Zhongming (1485) and the Cliff Stone Carvings in Yunnan (1533). Later, the Tuoba Jigong monument in Guizhou was discovered.
Judging from the font, the Yi language at that time had developed to a certain height.
According to the 484-year-old Records of the Great Unity in Qing Dynasty, "In the later Tang Dynasty, it was hidden in a rock valley, and its handwriting was like tadpoles. It took three years to form, and it took 1,840 letters. With the number of books, people mistakenly thought it was calligraphy.
Yi Classic "The Century Human History of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty" contains: Mi Zao Ci.
"Southwest Branch One" contains: Yiwu word-making.
There are also various legends about the words created by Ashlazer, Lu Ji, Bo Bogeng and others.
It is inferred that the Song of the White Wolf contained in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty may be written in the White Wolf language, which is the predecessor of the Yi language.
Some people think that the children's songs in Bashu during the Warring States period may have historical relations with Yi language.
Some people think that the carved symbols on Xi 'an Banpo are similar to Yi language, and the painted pottery carved symbols are similar to the patterns on Liangshan Yi costumes.
However, judging from the found stone inscriptions and literature records, Yi language should not be produced later than the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Most Yi languages are single words, a few are combined characters, and there is no radical to express meaning. The strokes range from one to a dozen, usually three or five strokes.
The basic strokes are vertical, horizontal, left oblique, right oblique, dot, circle, semicircle, vertical folding and horizontal folding.
The writing style of Sichuan Yi language is left-handed, and now there are also right-handed; Yunnan-Guizhou Yi language is straight to the right, and recently it has also been straight to the left.
Yi language uses pictographs, knowing words, transposition words, plus dots, homonyms and borrowed Chinese characters.