Jiaoshan, a national key scenic spot and a national AAAAA-level tourist area, is located in the northeast of Zhengjiang River, a famous historical and cultural city in China. It is the only island in the Yangtze River that is surrounded by water for tourists to sightsee and explore. Together with Jinshan Mountain and Beigu Mountain, it forms the Zhenjiang Three Mountains Scenic Area. As the saying goes: "If the mountain is not high, there will be immortals." The immortal in Jiaoshan is Jiao Guang, a hermit of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiao Guang lived in seclusion here. Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty issued edicts three times asking him to serve as an official. However, he did not want to join the corrupt court and refused to accept the call. He collected medicine and made elixirs on the mountain, cured diseases and saved people. In order to commemorate him, later generations changed Qiaoshan Mountain to Jiaoshan Mountain.
"There is a temple in Jiaoshan Mountain. It is hidden in a valley and is invisible. It is called Shanhuo Temple." This is Shi Naian's description of the landscape characteristics of Dinghui Temple in Jiaoshan Mountain in "Water Margin". Dinghui Temple, formerly known as Puji Zen Temple, is one of the earliest temples in the south of the Yangtze River. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty personally inscribed the name of the temple on a plaque when he passed Jiaoshan during his southern tour.
Compared with some famous mountains and rivers, Jiaoshan does not appear tall and prominent, but it has its own uniqueness, which is the famous Jiaoshan Forest of Steles, the largest forest of steles in the south of the Yangtze River, and the majestic cliffs The art of stone carvings and stele carvings has made Jiaoshan a famous calligraphy mountain at home and abroad. The Jiaoshan stele inscriptions are all available in seal script, Li, Zhen, Cao and Xing. The styles are very different. Some are ancient and steep, with extraordinary depth, or others are neat and smooth, and completely thick. It can be said that the beauty of ancient carvings of thousands of years is gathered together. The spirit of hundreds of calligraphy schools. Known as the "King of Steles" and "The Forefather of Big Chinese Characters", the unique monument - "The Inscription of the Crane" comes from Jiaoshan. There is the "Shimen Inscription" in the north, the "Inscription of the Crane" in the south, and the Forest of Steles in Jiaoshan. With Xi'an Forest of Steles in the south and north, each takes the lead. Some people say that Xi'an Forest of Steles is a symbol of the mighty Yellow River culture, while Jiaoshan Forest of Steles is the condensation of the strange Yangtze River culture. What it has is more of an expression of humanistic personality.
The Sanskrit music of ancient temples, the collection of ancient steles, the various ancient carvings, and the lush green trees add endless elegance to this famous mountain. Here we sincerely welcome friends from all over the world to come to Jiaoshan to cultivate their minds and nature and let their moods fly.
Jiaoshan has many names since ancient times, including Qiaoshan, Qiaoshan, Lion Rock, Lion Rock, Shuangfeng Mountain, etc. These names were named based on the specific circumstances at that time or the natural characteristics of the mountain. For example, Qiaoshan Mountain is taken from the woodcutter cutting firewood; Qiaoshan Mountain is taken from the coastal defense and observation posts here; Lion Rock, Lion Rock, Shuangfeng Mountain, etc. are based on their shapes. Only the name Jiaoshan is the most legendary and humanistic, so it has been used for thousands of years.
After the Qin Dynasty, Taoist thoughts have developed greatly. They admire and pursue nature, and long to retreat to the mountains and forests and live a paradise-like life without competing with the world. Jiaoshan, Songliaoshan and Yishan stand in the middle of the Yangtze River, forming a pattern of one master and two masters, which coincides with the fairyland of one pond and three mountains, so it has become the first choice place for Taoists. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous scholar Jiao Guang traveled all over the country. When he came to Jiao Mountain, he was attracted by this fairyland on earth, so he lived in seclusion here, working at sunrise and resting at sunset, collecting medicines and elixirs, helping the world and the poor, and Many folklore stories were left behind. The emperor at that time heard that he was a virtuous man and sent three edicts asking him to become an official. However, he declined because he was old and weak, his wife was sick, or he was traveling far away. In order to commemorate him, later generations changed the cave where he lived in seclusion into three buildings. Zhaodong, the name of the mountain was changed to Jiaoshan.
According to "Jiaoshan Zhi", Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty was ill and could not be cured for a long time. He suddenly had a dream in which an old man walked into his Jinluan Palace, claiming to be Jiao Guang, a hermit from the southeast, and delivering elixirs to him. He cures diseases. After Zhenzong woke up, his illness was indeed cured. He hurriedly asked the ministers about what happened in his dream. The minister said: Jiao Guang was an eminent scholar in the late Han Dynasty. He lived in seclusion in Jiaoshan Mountain in the middle of the Yangtze River. He was poor and happy, could not afford three imperial edicts, and was honest and self-sufficient. After hearing this, Emperor Zhenzong was overjoyed and issued an edict: Conferring Jiao Guang the title of Ming Ying Gong, and offering sacrifices in the Spring and Autumn Period in the temple. At the same time, he would exempt all land taxes and labor in Jiao Mountain. As soon as the emperor opened Chrysostom, Jiaoshan's reputation spread far and wide.
A few days ago, good news came from the Municipal Tourism Bureau. Jinshan·Jiaoshan·Beigushan (referred to as "Three Mountains") tourist attractions were recommended by the Provincial Tourism Bureau and rated as national tourist attractions quality rating committee. The 5A-level tourist attraction is another major achievement after the municipal party committee and the municipal government established the "Three Mountains" tourist attraction management committee, achieving zero breakthroughs in the city's 5A-level tourist attractions. As an important part of the main urban area of ??Zhenjiang, the "Three Mountains" tourist attraction has become a national 5A tourist attraction. It is the best practice of the concept of "the city is tourism and tourism is the city" and is the city's tourism people's implementation of "benchmarking, finding differences and pioneering." The first priority of the hard task of "striving for excellence" is also the only way to cultivate modern tourism gathering areas and demonstration areas.
One of the reasons why Jiaoshan is famous at home and abroad is that Jiaoshan stands in the middle of the river and is still the "mainstay" and "stone of Zhenjiang" with majestic momentum. In addition, the mountain temple is vague, the trees are green, the water is vast, and the environment is beautiful, just like The fairy island on earth is ethereal in the water. Secondly, because Jiaoshan contains many precious cultural relics and famous monuments, the cliff stone carvings are well-known to the world, and the forest of steles is as famous as the Xi'an Forest of Steles and is the largest forest of steles in Jiangnan. Among them, the "King of Monuments" monument, known as the "King of Monuments", is a rare treasure. The wonderful brushwork is the "Crown of Calligraphers", and it is rich in precious historical materials and artistic value of calligraphy, so it is known as the "Calligraphy Mountain". The third one is the jingshe, pavilions and pavilions of many Zen temples in Jiaoshan. There are more than ten nunneries including Dinghui Temple, Biefeng Temple, Natural Temple, Yufeng Temple, Xianglin Temple and Haiyun Temple. Zheng Banqiao has a poem that says, "There are fifteen houses in Jiaoshan with quiet rooms, and every house has bamboos and fences..." Every temple has a famous monk who is good at poetry, songs, calligraphy and painting. In the Qing Dynasty, there were several Zen monks, and Monk Liujing was a famous monk. Hezhou is a painter who is an expert in engraving monuments, and he was famous for a while. Zheng Banqiao, Liu Yazi, Kang Youwei and others studied in Jiaoshan. Jiaoshan also has a Buddhist academy, and many apprentices come here to pay homage to the Buddha and receive ordination. Therefore, Jiaoshan is known as a "cultural mountain". The pavilions and pavilions include Huayan Pavilion, Guanlan Pavilion, Wenchang Pavilion, Jijiang Pavilion, Dongsheng Pavilion, Yubei Pavilion, Huaiying Bookstore, Huangye Pavilion, Qianlong Palace, Fuyu Zhai, Loquat Garden, Butterfly Hall and other ancient architectural highlights. Decorating the mountain adds brilliant colors to the natural landscape. Therefore, the ancients also called the Sixteen Scenes of Jiaoshan: Huayan moonlight, Dinghui Chaoyin, pine shadow at the mountain gate, huaiyin in the nunnery, ink treasures on the sea, hidden inscriptions in the stone house, distant view of the west bank, new forest at the east foot, Jiangting Pavilion to worship Buddha, and cave. Looking for immortals, ask questions naturally, sit in peace and meditate, watch the sun in a dangerous building, smell the fragrance of dead trees, fragrant forests and flower beds, and gardens on other peaks. Therefore, Zhao Puchu, chairman of the Buddhist Association of China, wrote the three words "Endless Tibetan" here, which is thought-provoking. Elder Morimoto of Japan said with nostalgia: "Jiaoshan is my second hometown." The temples, pavilions and other places of interest in Jiaoshan are quite unique, and most of them are hidden in the shade of the mountain and among the clouds and forests, hence the proverb "Temple wrapped in the mountain". Jiaoshan is different from Jinshan. Jiaoshan is tall and majestic, while Jinshan is small and exquisite. Jiaoshan is famous for its green bamboos and trees, while Jinshan is famous for its brilliant pagodas and temples. Since ancient times, the folk proverbs of "the mountain wraps around the temple" in Jiaoshan and "the temple wraps around the mountain" in Jinshan have been circulated.
Jiaoshan also has precious "four ancients". The ancient temple (Dinghui Temple) is a building from the Ming Dynasty. The main building is green tiles and red railings, which is very quaint. Ancient trees (cypress from the Six Dynasties, Sophora japonica from the Song Dynasty, and ginkgo from the Ming Dynasty), most of which have strange and strange shapes, are scattered in front of and behind the temple beside the water on the mountainside, adding a layer of elegance, serenity, and lush green color to the mountain temple, which is perfect for tourists to rest. In addition, there are ancient inscriptions and cliff inscriptions that are world-famous.
Jiaoshan stands in the middle of the river and has been a strategic military location since ancient times. Han Hun, the governor of Runzhou and the governor of Zhenjiang in the Tang Dynasty, built more than 30 building ships and warships, and equipped more than 5,000 naval officers and soldiers to practice on the river. In February of the first year of Dezhe in the Southern Song Dynasty, after the Yuan army captured Zhenjiang, Zhang Shijie, the general of the Hang Yuan Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, led a large number of warships to fight the Yuan Dynasty navy in Jiaoshan in July of the same year. The heroic struggle on the beach. Han Shizhong, the hero of the Southern Song Dynasty who fought against the Jin Dynasty, once led thousands of officers and soldiers to station in Jiaoshan to fight back against the Jin soldiers. This has become a historical legend, and his heroic deeds have been passed down to future generations. On July 16, the fourth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1519), Shi Conglan, the censor of Zhili Youdu, rebelled against King Ning of Jiangxi Province and personally led the navy in the Jianghuai area to conduct drills on the Jiaoshan River. In July of the 22nd year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1842), the British emperor launched the Yangtze River invasion campaign. When British warships invaded the Yangtze River, they were met by thousands of Qingzhou soldiers and bannermen who guarded Jiaoshan led by Vice-Capital Hai Ling, who resisted bravely. and dealt a heavy blow to the British army, writing a glorious page in the history of the modern anti-imperialist struggle. The revolutionary mentor Engels praised in his article "The New British Expedition to China": "If these invaders encountered the same resistance everywhere, they would never reach Nanjing." After the discovery of "The Crane Inscription", it was highly praised by calligraphers of all dynasties. evaluate. For example, Huang Tingjian recognized him as the "ancestor of the big characters" and wrote a poem saying: "The big characters are unparalleled in the "痗 Crane Inscription"." "Dongzhou Caotang Jinshi Postscript" says: "Since the calligraphy rules, the meaning is combined with the seal script, and the school is both north and south. There is no one like Zhenbai's "The Crane Inscription". Its calligraphy is graceful and elegant, which can be called a masterpiece. It is a famous inscription with high artistic skills and great influence. "The Crane Inscription" has coordinate significance in the history of Chinese calligraphy and is known as the "ancestor of large characters". Its artistic influence is long-lasting and reaches overseas.
Jiaoshan, Zhenjiang, known as the "Mountain of Calligraphy", has many inscriptions by calligraphers of the past dynasties, many of which are treasures. The most author is "The Crane Inscription", which is known as the "King of Steles" in the Baomoxuan Forest of Steles. It is signed "Written by Huayang Zhenyi, written by Shanghuangshan Qiaozheng." Although the content of this commemorative article mourning Jiahe is insignificant, the calligraphy art is indeed valuable.
"The Crane Inscription" is known as the "ancestor of large Chinese characters", and its artistic influence is long-lasting and reaches overseas. "The Crane Inscription" was originally carved on the cliff of the river near the west side of Jiaoshan Mountain in Zhenjiang. It fell into the river in the late Tang Dynasty or later and was broken and damaged. Who wrote this inscription? It has always been controversial. Huang Changrui of the Song Dynasty verified that it was written by Tao Hongjing of the Liang Dynasty. Tao Hongjing was good at both official script and running script. At that time, he had retired from official service and retired to the Taoist holy land of Zhenjiang, Maoshan, Huayang Cave, so it is believed to be his ink. According to another theory, it is said that Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote the calligraphy with the Crane Inscription. He loved raising cranes very much in his life and had a "goose pond" in front of his home. He often washed his brushes in pond water and enriched his calligraphy with the graceful dancing posture of cranes. Legend has it that this inscription was written by Wang Xizhi in memory of his two dead cranes. It is also thought to have been written by Wang Zan and Gu Kuang in the Tang Dynasty, but there is no definite evidence. Because of the exquisite calligraphy, it was later engraved on the rocks at the back of Jiaoshan Mountain. It was struck by thunder and fell into the river. During the Chunxi period of the Song Dynasty (1174-1189), the stone tablet came out of the water. Someone fished it out of the river and erected it in its original place. Many people came to observe the imitation, and some even chiseled out a few characters and took them away. Scholars also came to study it. It is therefore famous far and wide.
Unexpectedly, decades later, the monument fell into the river again. In the 52nd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1713), Chen Pengnian, the prefect of Zhenjiang, recruited workers to fish it out of the river again, glued it into one piece, and moved it to Guanyin Temple in Jiaoshan. Only about 90 remaining characters remained. In Baomoxuan there is still the "Inscription on the Reconstruction of the Crane Inscription". The inscription says: "The Gezi Inscription was famous in Jiaoshan for more than a thousand years, and it disappeared from the river for another seven hundred years." It narrates this incident. Although there are few words in the inscription, it is magnificent and dynamic, making it endlessly memorable to read. Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty believed that "big characters have nothing to do with the "痗 Crane Inscription"" and "its success cannot be seen in appearance", and he was praised as the "ancestor of big characters". Cao Shimian of the Song Dynasty praised his "wonderful brushwork and the crown of calligraphy". This stele is highly praised because of the calligraphy style of the Southern Dynasties, especially the penetration of the pen in the center of the seal script; coupled with the effect of wind and rain erosion, it also enhances the strong, solemn and deep charm of the lines. The rubbings and calligraphy of this stele have been spread all over the world for a long time and are well-known at home and abroad. It is a representative of the study of calligraphy art. It is not only a mature regular script, but also an important material from which we can understand the development history of seal script and official script in the development process of regular script.