Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses.
When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
The meaning of this poem is:
At dusk, a group of crows landed on an old tree with withered vines and made a piercing cry. Under the small bridge, the running water jingles, and the farmhouse next to the small bridge raises smoke. On the ancient road, a thin horse struggled against the west wind. The sunset gradually lost its luster and fell from the sky. On a cold night, only lonely travelers wander in the distance.
The creative background of this poem:
Ma Zhiyuan was keen on becoming famous when he was young. However, due to the high-handed policy of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, he never succeeded. He lived a wandering life almost all his life, and was depressed and embarrassed because of it. So on the journey of wandering alone, he wrote this song "Tianjingsha Qiu Si". Another scholar thinks that this Sanqu is not the work of Ma Zhiyuan, but the work of Anonymous.
Appreciation of the whole poem:
This poem is very short, with only five sentences and twenty-eight words. There is no word "autumn" in the whole song, but it depicts a sad and touching wandering picture of a wanderer at the end of autumn, which accurately conveys the sadness of travelers.
This successful song, known as the father of Qiu Si, embodies the artistic features of China's classical poems in many ways.
First, borrowing scenery to express emotion, containing feelings in the scenery, constitutes a bleak and miserable artistic conception in the blending of scenery and feelings.
The first four sentences of this poem are all about scenery, and these scenery words are sentimental words. Words such as "withered", "old", "faint" and "thin" make the rich autumn colors contain infinite sadness and bitterness. And the last sentence "heartbroken people are at the end of the world", as a curved eye, is even more wonderful, which makes the scenery described in the first four sentences become the environment for people's activities and the fuse for heartbroken people at the end of the world. The scenery on the song is not only what Ma Zhiyuan saw during his trip, but also what he saw in his eyes. But at the same time, it is its emotional carrier and an inner thing. The whole song is full of emotion and scenery, which constitutes a touching artistic realm.
Secondly, many dense images are used to express the author's pain and hatred of autumn during the journey, which makes the work full of rich poetry.
This song embodies the complex and dense images in China's classical poems. There are ten kinds of images in just 28 words, which are not only the real environment of heartbroken people's life, but also the carrier of his heavy sadness. Coexisting with the complexity of images is the singleness of image expression. In order to express his melancholy and sentimental feelings, the author chose many images in his poems. These images can convey the author's inner feelings, and the combination of emotion and scenery makes the emotional orientation of the images in the works consistent. Numerous images are connected in series by the clues of the author's same emotion, forming a complete picture. Some people call this song "juxtaposition image combination", but there is still a certain order of juxtaposition.
There are ten images in the whole song, and the first nine are naturally divided into three groups. Vines bound trees, crows falling on trees, the first group arranged from bottom to top; The second group is arranged from near to far; The ancient post road and the west wind thin horse on the road, the third group is arranged from a distance to the present, with a slight change in the middle. Because the "West Wind" is inserted in the middle to write the tactile sensation, the description angle is changed, thus increasing the jumping feeling of the image, but this jumping is still local and not beyond the scope of autumn scenery. The last image "Sunset" is the background of the whole song, which connects all the first nine images together to create an empty scene. Because it is also the product of seeing far, the works as a whole also show the spatial arrangement order from near to far. From the old tree to the flowing water, to the ancient road, and then to the sunset, the author's vision is expanding step by step. This is also one of the manifestations of image order.
Thirdly, he is good at processing and refining, and draws a wandering journey in late autumn with extremely concise painting.
The images in this poem are not new. But the author did not imitate blindly, but recreated it according to his own life experience and aesthetic vision. In the choice of scenery, in order to highlight and strengthen the sad feelings, he chose ten images that can best reflect the sad and depressing scenery in autumn and the lonely and melancholy feelings of travelers, concentrated his feelings in these ten images, and finally revealed the theme with faint sunshine. He deleted some beautiful scenes that did not conform to the expressed emotions, so that the images of the whole song were unified in expressing emotions. In the tempering of words, the conciseness of the words used in this song has reached the point where it can't be reduced. Expressing rich emotions with the least words is one of the reasons for the artistic success of this poem.
Fourthly, the aesthetic emotional experience of sad autumn is adopted to express the sadness of wanderers, so that personal feelings can gain universal social significance.
Song Yu created a sentimental literature with sad autumn as the main form of aesthetic experience. Since then, mourning for autumn has gradually become one of the most common aesthetic experience forms of China literati, and it is closely linked with the exclamation of life experience. Ma Zhiyuan's poems are like this. Although the image in the song is not novel and the emotion expressed is not novel, because it expresses a traditional emotional experience of China literati with refined artistic expression, it has gained immortal vitality and aroused the enthusiasm of later literati.
Tian Jing Sha Qiu Si is one of the most mature works in China's classical poetry. Although it is Yuanqu, it actually embodies the artistic features of China's classical poems in many aspects.
Personal feelings:
This poem was written by Ma Zhiyuan in Yuan Dynasty. There are only five sentences and 28 words, which vividly describe the deep homesickness. Such a simple poem expresses the author's inner thoughts and feelings and depicts a sad inner world of a wanderer in a foreign land. Although this poem is short, it is as mellow as wine.