The origin of "commodity"
The method of using evaluation in calligraphy aesthetics existed as early as Wang Xizhi's Self-discussion Book. "My book is the line against Zhong and Zhang Dang, or Cao Zhang is still a wild goose ... This is a self-calligraphy evaluation, which shows its strengths and weaknesses in the comparison of others." Yu Jianwu used the word "pin" instead of evaluation and theory to give this aesthetic method a most appropriate title, and constructed three major sequences of "Shang", "Zhong" and "Xia" according to quality, breaking the previous time series. Yang Xin, Wang Sengqian, Yuan Ang and so on. Calligraphers are often evaluated in the order before and after. Yu Jianwu takes advantages and disadvantages as the front and back. The former focuses on calligraphers, while the latter focuses on evaluation.
Yu Jianwu listed 123 calligraphers from the Han Dynasty to Qi Liang in the Nine Grades Method, which is similar to the Nine Grades System. Jiupin Zheng Zhi system is a talent selection and distribution system founded by Cao Wei. The so-called "upper", "middle" and "lower" come from the theory that people are divided into "upper wisdom", "middle people" and "lower fools" in The Analects of Confucius. Hanshu takes good and evil as its moral standard. Under the system of conquest and inspection in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became a fashion to evaluate people, get excellent comments, enter official positions and retire as celebrities, which continued until the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the most important thing to judge people was moral behavior. The so-called "enlightened practice" mainly depends on the long-term observation of people in peacetime. Cao Cao paid more attention to talents than morality, and only then did he make people pay equal attention to both ability and political integrity, resulting in celebrities who specially evaluated characters. The praise and criticism of celebrities directly affect the career development and retreat of customers. Celebrities are the archetypes of Chiang Kai-shek. The official's task in Zhongzheng is to be a first-class person, which is defined from three aspects: family background, appearance and taste. Family background, investigate family background. Form, concrete narrative moral ability. The product is a conclusive opinion. After the disaster of the same party fighting against differences, a little carelessness in judging the characters will lead to the disaster of "destroying the family and destroying the body", so the content of judging people will be transformed into talent, temperament, style, style and ability. That is to say, it turns to the evaluation of people's spiritual world. As a direct product of the spiritual world, aesthetic creation is naturally regarded as the content and object of evaluation.
The content of calligraphy evaluation is inherited from the origin of calligraphy, and it is one of the concerns of ancient culture and academic tradition. Liu Xin's "Seven Views" describe the past scholarship according to the school. Through the vertical and horizontal comparison, we can judge the aesthetic value. "Comparison" is not only a method, but also a potential thinking instinct. "Product" is a product based on foresight. Without foresight and knowledge, it is impossible to have the feeling of "product".
Therefore, Yu Jianwu's Calligraphy is not only the product of previous calligraphy evaluation experience, but also the representative work of the prevailing calligraphy culture phenomenon at that time.