Whether "feather fan black silk scarf" refers to Zhuge Liang or Zhou Yu has been controversial in academic circles in recent years. Some commentators said: "The black silk scarf of feather fan is not dedicated to Zhuge Liang. Of course, it doesn't have to be called Zhuge Liang here. From' thinking about Gong Jin' to' turning to ashes' in one go, only one person was written, that is, Zhou Yu, who was elegant and idle, smiling and self-sufficient, and strategizing, and easily defeated the enemy. " [7] This statement is debatable.
There was no "black silk scarf" in the Han and Wei dynasties, but it was called "Ge silk scarf" in history. Zhang Hua, a Jin native, recorded in the Natural History that "when the Han Dynasty was at its peak, all the scholars were crowned with kudzu scarves. In Jian 'an, Wei Wudi made a white towel. So it was abolished, and only two scholars were still alive. "This situation continued until the Jin Dynasty, when lee woon-jae, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote the article" Offering Wine to the Guozi "in Volume 336 of Magnolia in Peace, and quoted the cloud in Qi Zhiyi:" The doctor of the Jin Dynasty offered wine to the Guozi, and the Guozi offered wine to the classics for the teacher, and Jin Ge was single-clothed and paid tribute for life. " "Jinge" and "Feather Fan" are connected, and this is Zhuge Liang. In the same volume, 702 "Towel" quoted Shu Shu as saying: "Zhuge Wuhou and Xuan Wang will fight Weibin, announce Wang Rong's Hu Li's affairs, and make people regard Wuhou, ride Su Yu, Jin Ge Mao Fan, and command the three armies, all of which will follow." "Fan Lei" also quoted Pei Qi as saying in "Pei": "Zhuge Wuhou and the battle of Weibin, Wuhou took Su Yu and Fan, referring to the three armies, all stopped there. "Chen Shou's Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu were handed down from generation to generation before the Song Dynasty. See the records in Old Tang Scriptures. The records in Shu Shu, which was quoted before, can't be found in the History of the Three Kingdoms now, which shows that this is a lost note of Pei Songzhi. This footnote is roughly the same as that recorded in Pei, so they should come from the same source. Ge towel, also known as nylon towel, probably started from Xie Anjia in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Xie Wan Biography in the Book of Jin said: "You are famous for your photos, so you call Fu Jun engaged in Langzhong. (Xie) Ten thousand people are wearing white and black silk scarves and cranes, marching forward in great strides. Seeing this situation, I talked to Emperor * * * about moving to Japan. " Xie Wan is Andy Xie. In Shuowen, there is a note in the paragraph: "It is for nylon that the hair is corrected into locks." According to the regulations of the former Jin order, only students are allowed to wear the scarf. Xie Wan, Xie An and other Confucians are supposed to wear the kudzu scarf, so of course, they should change the material to black silk, otherwise it is suspected of violating the system. The Xie brothers dressed like this naturally admire Zhuge Liang's name.
It is true that "feather fan black silk scarf", as a costume custom, really rose in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was originally "not for Zhuge Liang's use". However, after Zhuge Liang wore it, it gradually evolved into Zhuge Liang's exclusive, and became the object to be imitated by later Confucian generals and reclusive celebrities. Cheng Dachang, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Lou Bu Lou: "Ming Di is lucky in Shu, and the old man in the valley looks out with a white towel. The translator said,' Serve Zhuge Wuhou.' I don't know if the ancients didn't avoid white. "It can be seen that Zhuge Wuhou's clothing has been handed down all the time, which has a great influence on future generations! Su Shi, who is well-read and versatile, will never use it to refer to Zhou Yu, who is "heroic and dashing", when the world has regarded the "feather fan black silk scarf" as Zhuge Liang's representative.
Japanese scholar Mr. Kenji Zhongyuan said in the article Su Shi and Feather Fan Scarves [8]: "It can be seen that scarves are still regarded as the costumes of the nobles of the Six Dynasties. Therefore, it goes without saying that it is more appropriate for Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang to use the' feather fan black towel' in Niannujiao. Zhou Yu is a famous Red Cliff hero, who is proficient in music. He was called' Zhou Lang' by Wu people, and it was a good match to use' feather fan black silk scarf' as his behavior. " [9] According to the "Three Kingdoms", Zhou Yu was born into an official family, and his father Zhou Yi was a Luoyang order; Zhuge Liang also came from a bureaucratic family. His father, King Zhuge Gui, is the Taishou of Taishan, and his father, Zhuge Xuan, is the Taishou of Zhang Yu. How can it be different because of family background? In the article Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, a man with a feather fan, Mr. Kenji Zhongyuan thinks that Zhuge Liang in the Ming Dynasty took a costume of a feather fan with a black silk scarf from Zhou Yu, so he wrote it in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. [9] This statement is quite different from the formation and spread of the story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the heroes rose together, and the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu disputed. How many legendary stories have been interpreted in the world! The Story of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Zhou Yu quoted Jiang Biao as saying: "When Zhou Yu defeated Wei Jun, Cao Gong said,' I am not ashamed to stay alone.' The latter book and Quan said:' Battle of Red Cliffs deserves to be ill, burning his boat alone, settling for second best, and making his name famous all over the world.' Yu Wei's voice is far away, so Tsao Gong and Liu Bei are anxious to doubt it. "Although this was Cao Cao's excuse for the defeat of Chibi, and made it a dispute, it can also be seen that Battle of Red Cliffs's stories and legends spread like wildfire and spread widely at that time. According to historians' textual research, Pei's annotations in the History of the Three Kingdoms are several times more than the main text, and there are as many as 2 10 kinds of works written by Wei Jin people, most of which are misrepresented by dissidents and novelists. Later, in the legend of notes, the stories of the Three Kingdoms gradually enriched. By the Tang Dynasty, many poets had recited the story of the Three Kingdoms. For example, there is a sentence in Li Shangyin's "Proud Poetry": "Either tease Zhang or laugh at Wargo. "Among them, Zhuge Liang is the most famous, and famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and Hu Ceng all have articles praising Zhuge Liang. In particular, one of the five poems in Du Fu's Poems of Ode to the Huai says: "Zhuge's power transcends the earth, and some are only reverence for his face. In order to plan the strategy of the world, generations seem to be Luan Feng's Luan Feng. Yi Yin and Lv Shang are neck and neck, and their command of military operations is calm, which makes Xiao He Cao Can far behind. Although he knew that there was no hope for the Korean family, he was still desperate for it and gave his life. "In this poem, the vivid image of Zhuge Wuhou holding a feather fan and commanding the three armies is outlined. There is a cloud in Du Mu's poem "Red Cliff": "The east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks Er Qiao in spring. "This outlines the story of Zhuge Liang borrowing the east wind and Cao Cao building a bronze sparrow terrace to take Er Qiao. It can be seen that the story of the Three Kingdoms developed more carefully and systematically in the Tang Dynasty, which laid the foundation for storytellers in the Song Dynasty to "tell three points".
The appearance of the special name "Shuo San fen" in Song Dynasty shows the important position of The Story of Three Kingdoms among storytellers. There is a saying in Su Shi's Dongpo Zhi Lin: "Jimson tasted the saying:' The children of Tuxiang are poor and forbearing, and their families are tired and bitter, so they need money to sit together and listen to the old saying. To say three things about state affairs, I heard that Liu Xuande was defeated and some people were crying; As soon as I heard that Cao Cao was defeated, I was happy to sing. "You know the virtue of a gentleman, the virtue of a villain, and never behead." It can be seen that through the spread of "talking about three points", the story of No.3 Middle School has been deeply rooted in people's hearts and known by women and children all over the country. In the past, people thought that the orthodoxy of Shu and Han was a major feature of Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In fact, this has been reflected in the "three points" in the Song Dynasty. At the same time of "talking about the three points", some people "take pictures, which is the image of Wei Shuwu's three-point war". [10] Whether "Talking about Three Points" or "Doing Shadow Play" (that is, shadow play), it will involve the meticulous and clear dressing characteristics of the story characters. The formation of this kind of dress feature is inevitably the result of the accumulation of past time. Once this dress feature is formed, it will be remembered in people's hearts and passed down from generation to generation, which is not easy to change. In fact, The History of the Three Kingdoms, a Yuan edition, is a written record of artists who talked about three points in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. According to this book, Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty, "According to the official history, adopting novels, testifying words, being good and being kind", [1 1] was processed and revised into The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This kind of accumulated novel can't be like what Mr. Nakahara Kenji thought. At this time, Zhuge Liang took over the costume of "Feather Fan Black Scarf" from Zhou Yu.
Luo Jizu's "Three Stories of the Maple Window", Volume 1, "Repeating Cao Cao's Reversal of His Conviction" said: "Du Mu's famous work" The East Wind doesn't suit me, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks Er Qiao in spring "is a well-known work praising history, but it is too harsh and goes against historical facts. When Cao Cao was young, he was known to Qiao Xuan. Cao Cao showed that Xuanxuan was dead and passed by Xuanmu's tomb, which was sad, so he sacrificed it to Taizai. Although the bronze sparrow terrace has been built, will he take his second daughter with him? It is often unreasonable for literati to send benefits. " [12] As a historian, Mr. Luo's anger is understandable. However, Mr. Luo neglected a common phenomenon, and the works of ancient literati were often influenced by folklore stories. In Du Mu's poems, Qiao Xuan has become Qiao Xuan, and Cao Cao tried to win Er Qiao by building a bronze sparrow terrace, which is entirely a novelist's speech, not an epic in a strict sense. According to the records in Dongpo Zhi Lin, Su Shi was deeply influenced by "saying three points" and was familiar with the story of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, his words "think of Gong Jin in those days, when Xiao Qiao got married, his heroic spirit was pressing". Xiao Qiao is not a "Xiao Qiao", but obviously a novelist's words. Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu is 34 years old, no longer young, and has already married. Why "Little Joe got married for the first time"? It can be seen that "Shuo San Fen" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describe Zhou Yu as young and handsome, much smaller than Zhuge Liang, who is a "black silk scarf with a feather fan". In fact, Zhuge Liang was only 28 years old, six years younger than Zhou Yu.
From the perspective of writing art, Black Scarf of Feather Fan should also refer to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang showed outstanding talent in Wei Shuwu's three-point decision-making, as if husband and wife were alone in heaven. His strategy is comparable to that of Yi Yin and Lu Shang, but it is based on Xiao He and Cao Can. When Cao Cao led an army to intimidate Wu Dong, and most ministers in Wu Dong advocated surrender, Zhuge Liang persuaded Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao, which provided a prerequisite for Battle of Red Cliffs to repel Cao Jun. Zhou Yu was also a "civil-military strategy, an English for ten thousand people", [13] was not only good at war strategy, but also charming and proficient in temperament. Such an outstanding Confucian general can only reflect his heroic spirit of elegance, idleness and ease of lifting weights if he talks and laughs with Zhuge Liang and takes retreat as the enemy. Besides, Zhou Yu's "joking" must have an object. Dongwu soldiers are afraid of Cao Jun, and it is impossible and resolute to reject Cao's Zhou Yu's * * * language. If "feather fan black silk scarf" refers to Zhou Yu, isn't that a monologue? How can he "smile"? Therefore, "feather fan black silk scarf" can only refer to Zhuge Liang. Understanding Su Shi's words in this way will not affect the description of Zhou Yu at all, and it is precisely because of Zhuge Liang's foil that Zhou Yu's artistic image is more plump and tall. This description added to the scene makes the text full of three-dimensional sense and vitality, and achieves the effect of wonderful pen and flowers, which is memorable and imaginative.
To sum up, from the historical records, the formation and spread of the story of the Three Kingdoms, and the artistic creation of poetry, the "feather fan black silk scarf" refers to Zhuge Liang.