Which dynasty did Mi Youren in the Southern Song Dynasty belong to?
Mi Youren (1074- 1 153) (Southern Song Dynasty) was a Yin man, whose nicknames were Hui, Ao and Er. Huang Tingjian jokingly called him "Tiger" and gave him an ancient seal and a poem: "I have an ancient seal of Hui Yuan, and I can't bear to seal it with Zhulang and Tiger. The late lazy old man, whose ancestral home was Taiyuan, Shanxi, moved to Xiangyang (now Hubei) and settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). He was the eldest son of Mi Fei and was known as "Xiaomi" in the world.
Calligraphy and painting are handed down from family, so they are called "big and small rice". In his early years, he was famous for his calligraphy and painting. In the fourth year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 122), calligraphers should be selected. After crossing the south, he won the favor of assistant minister of the Ministry of War and Fu Xueshi. Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou ordered him to appraise calligraphy.
However, for the identification of calligraphy and painting, "it is often temporary to cater to the above." Although I can't catch up with my father, meticulous calligraphy and Xie's children all have their own styles. He and his father Miffy are collectors and connoisseurs. His landscape paintings broke away from the conventions of the ancients, developed Mi Fei's techniques and became unique.
The role of ink and wash is horizontal, even dotted. Although rough, it is naive. Each painting is entitled "Ink Painting". He expressed the natural feelings of mountains and rivers with the expression and rendering of "falling eggplant", which was internationally known as "Mi Jiashan Water" and had a great influence on later "literati painting". After he became an official, he was very secretive, and his paintings were not offered to relatives and friends. Gong sneered: "If you are a rootless tree, you can trace back to the clouds; Today, I am a royal, not with idle people. "
Mi Youren's Character Evaluation
Mi Youren (1086- 1 165) is the eldest son of Mi Fei. Father and son are called Dahe Xiaomi. He is also a genius with early wisdom. At the age of 19, his father dedicated his Dawn in Chushan to Song Huizong and got a reward from Song Huizong. In the Southern Song Dynasty, he served as an assistant minister in the Ministry of Industry, and was also a bachelor's candidate for Govin's application, which won Song Gaozong's favor and often made him identify calligraphy and painting. Now, you can see his postscript in many ancient books and paintings. When it comes to Mi Youren's calligraphy, we can't help mentioning Mifei's calligraphy. Mi Fei's calligraphy was first learned from the Tang Dynasty. When he found that the more he learned, the less attractive he became, he began to trace back to the calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty. It was not until he found that the calligraphy of the Tang people was not as naive and natural as that of the Jin people that he began to take the calligraphy of the Jin people as a model directly.
But on the whole, he took Erwang as his ancestor, especially Xiao, so many of the works we see now are probably written by Mi Fei. His calligraphy achievements are extremely high, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian. But among these four schools, people prefer his calligraphy, because he is more like a pure calligrapher. His pen and ink skills are unparalleled, and they still are. In this way, in calligraphy, Mi Youren almost followed his father's example, but his calligraphy was not so precise.
In calligraphy, Mi Fei is most confident in his brushwork and modeling ── his brushwork is free and tortuous in the skill of escapement, while modeling contains the charm of fluency and freedom. Sometimes, the structure of calligraphy disappears in ups and downs because the pen is dancing.
This subtle way of handling, almost no one can do it after him. Antique and novelty inspired his unique calligraphy art, which was perfected and sublimated in his later years and became a towering peak in the history of calligraphy in China! On one occasion, when he was writing, he even ignored Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi. But Mi Youren can't. He didn't even have a man named Wu Ju who wrote more like Mi Fei, nor could he compare with Wang Tingjun who was in the northland at this time.
But in the Southern Song Dynasty, Mi Youren's calligraphy could not be ignored. His posture of opening the door was undoubtedly unique in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was dominated by thinness. In particular, he can be said to be the first person to successfully use Yang Hao's pen! The use of wool in calligraphy increases the flexibility of the pen tip when it is lifted, making the changes of lines more delicate and expressive. This cannot but be pointed out in particular. However, Mi Youren still doesn't quite admit that his handwriting is much better than anyone else.
Although Mi Fei's paintings didn't stay, his paintings have an important position and achievements in the history of China painting. If China's name and the painting method he created in the history of landscape painting are erased, then people can't understand why China's painting changed from paying attention to realism in the Northern Song Dynasty to expressing personal feelings since the12nd century. There are some profound words in Wu Shidao's Wu Li Buji (Volume 18) and Mi Yun: "Calligraphy and painting have changed.
Cover his book with easy Zhuang, draw with simple but not dense. However, if you let go, you will be beautiful. If you are not unemployed, you will have the advantages of your second son. "Indeed, calligraphy in the hands of Mi Fei, can be kuangfang; Painting is really simple in Mi Fei's hands ── and all this is reflected in Mi Youren's works. There are almost no objects in his paintings, only clouds and smoke. However, because of his superb calligraphy accomplishment and ink skills, it gave him another kind of strength, which did not hinder the expression of his personal interests. He sometimes uses whatever he has at hand, such as lotus. In this way, he created a genre of "entertaining himself" in the history of China painting. Mi Youren often writes the word "Mo Xi" in his paintings, which is a continuation of this tradition.
Collect the literature about Mill in the past dynasties. First, praise their ancient innovations. For example, Dong Qichang's "Rong Tai Bieji" compares this creation of Mi and his son with the contributions of poet Du Fu and great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing: "The painting style of Tang people changed from Song Naichang to Mi!" The other is to praise their wonderful intention to create truth, just like the vitality of nature. For example, Qian Wen's "Xiaoxiang White Clouds" Mi Youren's poem says: "Rainy mountains and Yangshan mountains are good paintings, but sunny rain and Cebu have been reunited, and when the scenery is hazy, there is no end. This is not the world of Mo Miao, and those who have more than enough things can't come! "
Mi Youren's paintings are a direct reflection of the soul to nature, full of anger and various manners. He is not limited to the natural image of a time and place, or even the grass and trees, but puts the whole vivid landscape of nature on paper, which is enough to represent the endless inspiration and charm in our hearts. Mi Youren once talked about his creative way: "In the old world of painting, nothing happened in the ocean of the world. The monks in every quiet room forgot all their troubles and went away with the blue emptiness!" After quoting this sentence, Mr. Zong Baihua compared it to Nietzsche's Apollo spirit, reflecting the vastness and exquisiteness of the world with a quiet mind. Therefore, the realization of Mi Youren's subtle realm lies in his ability to cultivate a secret with the spirit of self-restraint, and then suddenly waved his hand in silence.
The inscription of painting began with Su Dongpo and Mi Fei, but they left few works in this field. The only existing works are those of Mi Youren. There is a passage in Fang Xun's "Mountain Residence Graph Theory" in the Qing Dynasty: "The title of a paragraph began in the Soviet Union and the United States, and those who painted the world with the title in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties were also wonderful because of the title.
High emotions and easy thinking, the lack of painting, the topic is made, and future generations have their origins. "In this sense, the combination of poetry, books and paintings, in this practice, should be counted as a contribution of Mi Youren anyway. For example, his "Wonders of Xiaoxiang", with pictures before and titles after, recorded many poems written by others, all of which were seamless and could not be found before Mi Youren.
In particular, Mi Fei also made great innovations in the form of painting: he was the first person who never painted on silk but only on paper, giving full play to the characteristics of brush and rice paper; Second, he created a small hanging shaft. Like later albums, they all came from this hanging shaft. This should be carried forward in Mi Youren. Mi Youren's poems.
He doesn't have a special collection of poems, and his handwriting is passed down from generation to generation. In addition to a few poems with pictures, there is also a volume of "A Book of Praise for Earthquake in Yangchun Ci", which was edited by Zhu Zumou, a close friend, and compiled into "Qiang Village Series", and Mr. Tang Guizhang compiled into "Song Ci".
His poems are unpretentious, similar to sketches, and it is not difficult to use allusions occasionally. There are some free and easy places in his poems. His true nature is more like a poet. His lyrics are gentle and graceful all the way, but they are not dull and clear, and sometimes it is wonderful to borrow the ready-made poems of the ancients, just like his own. If the number of his ci is more, I believe that in the history of ci creation, it will also leave a strong and colorful stroke.