Nickname: Ceng Huimin.
Words: Shuagang, Meng Zhan
Time: Qing Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Tanghe, Xiangxiang County
Date of birth:1839 65438+February 7th.
Time of death: 1890 April 12.
Main works: Ceng Huimin's Legacy Collection, etc.
Main achievements: Recovering Ili and sending envoys to Britain, France and Russia.
Official position: Assistant Minister Zuo of Housing Department, Minister of General Management Department, etc.
Knight status: first-class Hou Yong.
George: Huimin.
Ceng Jize, a famous diplomat in Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan's second son Ceng Jize (1839.12.07-1890.04.12), a famous diplomat in Qing Dynasty, was the second foreign minister in China's modern history. He is also known as Guo Songtao.
Ceng Jize, the second son of Zeng Guofan, attacked Hou in 1877 (the third year of Guangxu). 1878 (Guangxu four years) served as the British and French minister. During my mission, I deeply understood the history and national conditions of various countries, studied public international law, and inspected the industrial, commercial and social conditions of western European countries. 1880 (Guangxu six years) was also the ambassador to Russia. He negotiated with Russia on the recovery of Ili, and signed the Sino-Russian Amendment Treaty on February 24th (the seventh year of Guangxu) to recover the land and part of the rights in the Tekes River basin of Ili, which was considered as a relatively successful diplomatic action in the late Qing Dynasty. 1883 (the ninth year of Guangxu), the Sino-French war broke out and advocated "fighting with France without perseverance". The "six strategies" are also very sparse. 1886 (12th year of Guangxu) returned to China. He died in 1890 (16th year of Guangxu reign), Prince Shao Bao of posthumous title, and "Huimin" of posthumous title.
Ceng Jize knows Chinese and Western, works in poetry and calligraphy, and is good at landscapes, especially lions. He is the author of Pei Yunwen Lai Gu Bian, Shuo Wen Re Wen Bu Kao, Qun Jing Shuo, etc. Later generations compiled The Complete Works of Zeng Huimin Gong.
The life of the character
Early experience
1839 (19th year of Daoguang) 65438+ On February 7th, Ceng Jize was born in the Lotus Leaf Golden Hall, the second son of Zeng Guofan, a famous minister of Zhongxing in Qing Dynasty. Ceng Jize received a strict education since childhood. He was proficient in classics, poetry and arithmetic. Later, influenced by the Westernization Movement, he studied English again and learned western science and culture. Therefore, people who know it are often praised as "learning from China and the West".
1870 (nine years of Tongzhi) Mr. Yuan Wailang added Mr. Er Pinyin.
1872 (eleven years of Tongzhi), Zeng Guofan died. During his stay in Ceng Jize, he began to learn English with the Bible and English pronunciation as teaching materials.
1877 (the third year of Guangxu), when Ceng Jize lost his father, he went to Beijing to inherit the mantle of the first-class marquis. He was received by Empress Dowager Cixi and pointed out: "The difficulty of westernization lies in the irrationality of foreigners and the ignorance of Chinese people." He added: "It goes without saying that China people should hate foreigners, but it will be beneficial for Xu Tu to strive for self-improvement. It is definitely not to destroy a church and kill a foreigner, so it will be revenge. "
Special envoy occupation
1878 (the fourth year of Guangxu) was sent to Britain and France to deal with the problem of ordering shipbuilding guns in Britain. Shao Qing was replenished at Taichang Temple and transferred to Shao Qing at Dali Temple. During my mission, I deeply understood the history and national conditions of various countries, studied public international law, and inspected the industrial, commercial and social conditions of western European countries. In addition, the embassy changed from renting to self-building, and was personally responsible for buying books and utensils, making the scale of the embassy not only a big country, but also a luxury. Strict requirements for traveling abroad, saving public expenses, abandoning greed and inferiority, advocating a clean and honest style, are respected by foreigners.
From 65438 to 0879 (the fifth year of Guangxu), Brazil contacted Ceng Jize through its ambassador to Britain, seeking to establish diplomatic relations and trade with China, and recruiting China workers to reclaim land. Ceng Jize suggested that the Qing court agree, but the recruitment of China workers was rejected because of the abuse of "coolies" by the American state.
1880 (the sixth year of Guangxu), Ceng Jize was appointed as the ambassador to Russia. As an imperial envoy, he negotiated with Russia to amend the Treaty of Livakia, and was arbitrarily ordered by Chonghou. After Ceng Jize arrived in Russia, he held difficult negotiations with Russian Foreign Minister Nikolai Karlowitsch de Giers and Russian Ambassador to China Eugene de Butzow.
188 1 On February 24th, 2007 (January 26th, the seventh year of Guangxu), the Sino-Russian Amendment Treaty (the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty) was signed, which successfully saved the territory of the Tex River basin in southern Ili. /kloc-in June, 0/4, Ceng Jize moved to Zongrenfu, and on August 5th, the Qing court awarded the post of the left deputy capital of Duchayuan. On August 19, the Sino-Russian contract exchange was completed.
1882 65438+1October 27th (December 8th, Guangxu 7th year), and served as minister of Britain, France and Russia for three years. On May 3rd, * * * French troops invaded Hanoi, and on May 6th, they were further asked to withdraw from Hanoi. On May 3rd1day, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs replied that China did not need to ask about the affairs between France and Vietnam. On June 4th1day, Ceng Jize refuted it, calling it "groundless". On February 4, 65438, he met with the British Foreign Secretary and sought to mediate the Sino-French-Vietnamese conflict.
1883 (the ninth year of Guangxu), was ordered to start opium tax negotiations with Britain. After the Sino-French War broke out, Ceng Jize constantly provoked France. Advocate "persistence" and "if you can't win the first battle, you will fight again; If you are invincible, you will fight again. " Arguing with a lawyer, never scratching. And sparsely put forward "six strategies for preparation." Although he was ill, he still stuck to his post and worked hard.
1884 (10th year of Guangxu reign) In April, Ceng Jize was removed from the post of ambassador to France at the suggestion of Li Hongzhang, and handed over in May, still serving as ambassador to Britain and Russia. 165438+1October 20th, right assistant minister of the Ministry of Military Affairs.
1885 (11th year of Guangxu), after the victory of Zhennanguan, Ceng Jize focused on the objective gap between China and France, changed his view on the main battle, and made peace with the Qing court in order to end the Sino-French war honorably as soon as possible. In June, the Qing court ordered Ceng Jize to resign as the ambassador to Britain and Russia and return to Beijing to work, and Liu Ruifen took over. Before the reunification, Ceng Jize continued to perform his duties and ordered Zhiyuan and Jingyuan ships in Britain. 18 In July, he and British Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary gascoyne-Cecil signed the Special Clause on Extension of the Sino-British Yantai Treaty, and agreed on a treaty to levy foreign medicine tax, stipulating that import tax should be paid for every 100 kg of opium. The move is to increase tobacco tax by millions of silver every year.