1
Music and calligraphy have a certain correspondence in overall structure and external form. Ding Wenjuan made an incisive exposition on music and calligraphy in his article "Introduction to Calligraphy": "Why is calligraphy close to music? The fine ink of the husband's book has its own, and the musical instruments of the music are also. The book has eight methods of stippling and painting, and the palace merchants of Youle have five tones. The book is dynamic, soft and rigid, and the music is tortuous and resistant to falling; The structure of the book is between shelves, and the rhythm of literary talent is still happy; Books include seal, official, truth, grass, and elegant songs; The calligraphers are Zhong, Wang, Ou, Chu, Yan, Liu, Su and Huang, and the Jewish movements are Yunmen, Xianchi and Xia, Shang, Shao and Wu. Those who are deeper than music, yang but not scattered, yin but not dense, just but not angry, soft but not timid, four smooth hands in the middle and outside, words and actions are determined without any middle section, and those who are deeper than calligraphy are also true. " It can be seen that calligraphy and music art have striking similarities in the use of materials, techniques, structure, ups and downs, rhythm, rhythm, speed, and verve.
Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion is a literary prose masterpiece. The content written in the work has expanded from the previous political philosophy to literary prose, which greatly enhanced the calligraphy art in expressing personal thoughts and feelings and aesthetic interests, and reached a peaceful, natural and subtle realm. It is formed casually in casual writing, but both the pen and the structure constitute a kind of natural beauty, reflecting his thought of "returning to nature". This fully shows that calligraphy, like music, is an art suitable for expressing inner life and a personality art suitable for expressing subjective feelings, artistic conception, mood, mood and temperament. When commenting on Lisi's calligraphy art, the ancients said, "Painting is like stone, and words fly.". Its potential is soaring, and its shape is awkward. " Pay attention to strict balance and symmetry, show people strong bone strength, and show a flying beauty. Lishu pays attention to Fang Bi's straight line, and pays more attention to structural balance, symmetry and neatness. Its strokes are strictly horizontal and vertical. Its upward, left or right strokes can give us a feeling of flying in stability. In short, whether it is seal script, official script or others, its reproducible image has outstanding generality and rhythm. It is regulated by a glyph, but it is permeated with the flow of feelings in the lines. This corresponds to the balance and symmetry of structure and syntax, and the ups and downs of rhythm and melody in music works. In the art of calligraphy, there is a difference between "masculine" and "feminine" styles of monks. Those who advocate the beauty of masculinity emphasize "bone", "strength" and "potential"; Those who advocate the beauty of femininity emphasize rhyme and interest. The former pursues the momentum of "a strong man wearing a sword"; The latter pays attention to the artistic conception of plain, scattered and quiet, or the charming and gentle meaning like "women are slim" This is similar to the "major" color works emphasized in music art, which require bright, firm and powerful colors, and are suitable for masculine, positive and uplifting features. Minor works pay attention to softness, lyricism and dim colors, and are more suitable for expressing people's different delicate feelings.
2
Calligraphy, like music art, pays attention to the beauty of form. Calligraphy pays special attention to the formal beauty, and five fonts, such as Zhen, Cao, Li, Zhuan and Xing, pay special attention to the formal beauty of artistic conception structure. "Truth" takes stippling as its form and turns it into temperament; "Grass" takes stippling as its emotion and turns it into form; "seal" is simple and smooth; Li wants to be fine and dense; "Grass" flows smoothly, and chapter affairs are checked easily (Sun Guoting's Book Score). "Form" is helpful to express colorful "spirit" in the change of font, such as pen, structure and layout, and music art also pays attention to the combination, change and development of melody, mode, tonality, harmony, rhythm, speed, tone color, texture and other elements and means, thus forming a variety of musical structures. Such as single part, single part, single part, complex part, Rondo, symphony, variation, playing Rondo and divertimento, etc. Various forms and people's emotional activities constitute various isomorphic connections. For example, the ups and downs of melody correspond to the ups and downs of people's emotional movements, and the width and tightness of rhythm correspond to the Zhang Chi of people's emotional activities; Strength and speed correspond to the relationship between the intensity of people's emotional activities and their inner rhythm. In short, a variety of forms reflect people's aesthetic requirements, and the harmonious correspondence between form, content, symbols and emotions makes music and calligraphy show endless artistic conception.
Calligraphy and music reproduce objective life to a certain extent-the technique of "concreteness" is the same, and the factors of reproducibility are often dissolved in expression. If you listen to the erhu solo "Birds in the Empty Mountain" or suona "Birds in the Phoenix", you will always be deeply impressed by the sound of "birds singing together" interspersed in the music. When you appreciate the orchestral work "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", you will feel immersed in it, and even associate it with the poem of the same name written by Zhang Ruoxu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "The spring river is in the tide of Lian Haiping, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide. I go with the waves for thousands of miles, where there is no moonlight on the riverside ... ". Wonderful music permeates the depths of people's hearts through their ears, arousing people's emotional waves, causing the soul to sing, making the listener rise and fall with the music, as if there were gorgeous colors and pictures in front of him. The hearing of music can produce a very clear visual image through association. For example, the short triplet of xylophone reminds us of the galloping horseshoe, and the gentle layered sound of dulcimer reminds us of the turbulent ripples. Calligraphy works are similar to this. It often also dissolves the factors of reproducibility in the performance.
For example, the words "one" and "zhi" in Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion have various changes, and their tone is always soft and tactful, without the slightest sign of emaciation or sharpness, which reminds us of tender wicker, new trees, green bamboo leaves, clear streams, free white clouds and graceful girls in real life. Another example is the word "Red Flag" written by Comrade Mao Zedong for the cover of the magazine "Red Flag" in 1958, in which the word "red" is written in a flying way, just like the red silk fluttering in the air in the hands of an actor, with beautiful rhythm and continuous rapidity, which makes us associate the red flag fluttering from the red silk dance. Calligraphy art, like music art, makes you feel a kind of emotion as a whole, and the reappearance image is just the moon in the river and the flower in the water, which is a deformed and vague reflection. The role of this shadow is to arouse association, imply artistic conception, form formal beauty and serve the overall lyrical effect.
3
Calligraphy runs through the writing of lines in space, while music expresses emotion through the flow of time. The running of calligraphy lines is similar to the melody in music, and they are all lyrical in motion. Music is best at expressing emotion, because it is a typical art of time, and emotion itself is a flowing process of time. Bai Juyi's Sauvignon Blanc says: "Thinking is long and hating is long," and Li Yu's Yu Meiren says: "How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing eastward." Both poems compare feelings to endless running water. This is especially true for the musical work "Liang Zhu". From the happy scenes of Liang Zhu's three years of "classmates * * * reading" and "* * * having fun * * *", to the parting feelings of "seeing each other off at 18th" and "saying goodbye to the pavilion", to the sadness and anger of "resisting marriage" and "crying over the grave", and the happy longing of "become a butterfly", we can see that music as a time art is the most important.
As a space art, calligraphy is different from painting and sculpture (painting and sculpture mainly consist of "face" to form the lines of Chinese painting). Calligraphy art, as a special space art, is composed of "lines". Although it is solidified in space in the end, it is a line that seems to be broken and continued throughout its movement. Before the book was published, as Wang Xizhi said in Mrs. Wei's "Pen Map": "Predict the font size first, suppress it, be straight and vibrate, and connect the tendons and veins." After the book is completed, as Jiang Kui's "Eight Houses of Books" said: "All the books I have tasted and viewed on the right are all vibrating, just like when I see them waving." In essence, all famous calligraphy works are stippling and vibrating, connected by tendons and veins, and full of vitality lines flow in time. Like music, it is used to express feelings and express lyricism through the waving of lines in space, which is also the most important aesthetic feature of calligraphy.
As far as music works are concerned, there are many works that express people's feelings of joy, anger, sadness and joy. Such as Liang Zhu, Happy Birthday, Yellow River, Two Springs Reflecting the Moon and so on. The title of "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" seems to be a description of the bright moon and clear spring in Wuxi, which essentially expresses the endless sadness and misfortune of the blind musician A Bing. "Butterfly Lovers" went from the happy scene of Liang Zhu's classmates * * * reading * * * * and having fun * * * to the parting mood of "18-year-old farewell" and the fear and anxiety of "resisting marriage", until the angry and rebellious feelings of "crying over the grave" rushed to the ground in time and sometimes burst into tears.
As far as calligraphy is concerned, Sun Guoting, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, once said that the art of calligraphy "can reach its temperament and shape its sorrows and joys". Mastering the "pen and ink skills" of calligraphy and being able to "spread in the hall", then the calligrapher's pen will be "like the superposition of eight tones." At the same time, people can also directly express their feelings of joy, anger, sadness and joy with the help of calligraphy art, and express complex and changeable feelings. "If you are unhappy, sad, happy, resentful, homesick, drunk, bored, uneven, and moving in your heart, you must be cursive." (Han Yu's Preface to Sending a Master to Gao Xian) "Lofty and humble, strong and majestic, one lives in a thousand miles". (Zhu Changwen's "Continued Book Break") "Or send it with a vertical and horizontal ambition or entrust it with a sigh of relief." (Zhang Huaijin's Book Records) People's inner feelings can be vented and purified through calligraphy creation activities, so that psychological feelings can be balanced and spirits can be cultivated. Calligraphy art also has the effect of changing people's mood. "Writing" Huangting "is ethereal, while the book" Vowing "is gloomy." Calligraphy is not only an artistic activity for calligraphers to express their feelings. With the change of emotional melody, calligraphy works will also present different artistic conception. In the 2th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (215), Zhang Fei was defeated by Cao Jiang Zhang He, and when he returned triumphantly, he was full of energy. He wrote in calligraphy on the cliff of the battlefield with Zhang Ba Snake Spear, "General Han flew at a rate of 1, people, and the thief was the first to break in Bameng, and he immediately became famous." Left two lines of thin, natural and unrestrained, Gu Zhuo also brought some "mang-shaped" official script to show their achievements. Wang Xizhi wrote a 42-word letter when his aunt died. His books are round, dignified and simple, and Gu Zhuo's official script is used as a memorial. When we appreciate Chairman Mao's handwritten "Two Poems to Send the God of Sorrow", the whole poem is full of emotion, which embodies the beauty of "the eagle strikes the sky and the fish is shallow". It reminds us of Chairman Mao's feelings of "imagining things, being awake at night, the breeze blowing, the rising sun approaching the window, looking at the south sky and writing with pleasure". Another example is the sentence "The banner is in sight at the foot of the mountain" in Comrade Mao Zedong's handwritten book "Xijiang Moon Jinggangshan". The writing of the word "mountain" is full of what the ancients called "forbearance", which gives us a strong aesthetic feeling of perseverance and fierceness. Calligraphy itself expresses the organic rhythms of quickness, wit, beauty, solemnity, fluidity, courage, cheerfulness and so on through the calligrapher's brushwork Mo Yun (shade, dry and wet, shelf, style and composition, the weight of brushwork and the emotional changes of the calligrapher), which gives us endless imagination and taste. Zhu Zhishan said in the article "From the Hook to the Book" that the art of calligraphy can express feelings: "Happiness is harmonious and the words are comfortable; Anger is rough and dangerous; Sorrow leads to depression of qi and convergence of words; Music is flat and beautiful. Love is heavy and light, then the convergence of words is comfortable, dangerous and beautiful, and the changes are endless. There is a difference between the purity of qi and the strength of Su Zhuang and the beauty of Qi Li Gu Dan. As the saying goes!
Four
The lyrical content of calligraphy and music has its extensiveness and uncertainty, and it is a type but concrete emotional emotion.
The lyrical content of music is general, and the emotions expressed are types. Just as it is impossible and unnecessary to find out the specific content of each piece of music, it is also unnecessary to find out the specific content of each calligraphy work. Pipa "Yangchun" presents a lively and fresh melody, the rhythm of a bright jumping water board, and a roundabout variation structure, showing a clear, warm, relaxed and happy mood.
Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion says "the sky is clear, the wind is warm and the air is smooth", which we can often feel when we enjoy the beautiful natural scenery in the windy and warm spring. Although the whole work is an organic and unified whole composed of many different words, it always has the same tone, that is, a peaceful and natural beauty that rewards people's minds.
to sum up, the art of calligraphy has broken through the limitations of its superficial form to express the objective life of seeing, hearing and feeling, so as to grasp the inner truth of art. Although the art of calligraphy is for people to see, it can make us feel and hear the sound of music flowing. Listening to music will also make people think of the image in listening. Calligraphy is a "silent voice". The view that "calligraphy is close to pleasure" is closer to the essence of calligraphy art.