Cao Zhi, son of Cao Cao, has this sentence in his "White Horse Chapter": "Sacrificing one's life to go to the national disaster, seeing death as a sudden return home." It can be translated as: "sacrifice yourself to relieve the national crisis, and regard death as returning home." There is such a person who confirms the meaning of this sentence. He is Huang Daozhou. Huang Daozhou, whose courtesy name is Youxuan and whose name is Shizhai. Scholars in the late Ming Dynasty, He was a calligrapher, painter, writer, and Confucian master. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), Huang Daozhou promoted Zhan Shifu to Shaozhanshi, and served as a bachelor of imperial examination. In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), Huang Daozhou became a scholar. Zhou Yin accused ministers Yang Sichang and others of arbitrarily negotiating peace in private, and he offended Yan Zhi and admonished Chongzhen: "I dare not not defend the word "loyalty". A minister who dares to speak out in front of his father is a sycophant. How can he who slanders and flatters in front of his father be loyal? If loyalty and deeds are not distinguished, evil and good will be confused. How can we cure them? " Chongzhen was so angry that he demoted Huang Daozhou six ranks and transferred him to Jiangxi, and then permanently exiled him to Guangxi. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Chongzhen recalled what Huang Daozhou had said, and ordered Huang Daozhou to be reinstated.
Portrait of Huang Daozhou
After the death of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Daozhou was appointed as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and Minister of the Ministry of Rites by the Hongguang Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty because of his reputation. Fujian proclaimed Emperor Longwu Zhu Yujian to the throne, and granted him the title of Grand Scholar of Wuyingdian and Minister of the Second Ministry of War. In the first year of Longwu (1645), the Qing army invaded several provinces in the south of the Yangtze River and issued an order to shave their heads. The gentry and common people in the south of the Yangtze River turned to Emperor Longwu for help. . But at that time, the power of the Longwu Dynasty was in the hands of Zheng Zhilong. Zheng Zhilong was self-reliant in raising troops and did not send out a single soldier. In the ninth month of the Zodiac Week, he raised thousands of people, only a dozen horses, and one month of food. He left Xianxia Pass to fight. The Qing soldiers resisted. He knew that there was no way to survive, but he still went. He arrived in Guangxin (today's Shangrao) in early October, raised three months of military supplies, divided his troops into three groups, and launched an attack on the Qing soldiers, all the way to the west. From Fuzhou (now Linchuan), the other two groups went north to attack Wuyuan and Xiuning. Soon all three groups were defeated.
On December 24, Dao Zhou was captured by Huizhou guard Zhang Tianlu and sent to Huizhou. In the Nanjing prison, he chanted as before, vowing not to surrender. The Qing court felt his loyalty and sent Hong Chengchou, who had already surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, to persuade him to surrender. Huang Daozhou wrote this couplet without saying a word: "Historical writing is fragrant, although he failed. In the end, the law can be found; the great kindness is great, but if you can't repay the country, you will become revenge. "Comparing Shi Kefa and Hong Chengchou, Hong Chengchou was ashamed and ashamed. Shangshu requested to exempt Daozhou from the death penalty, but the Qing court refused. On March 5, the second year of Longwu, Huang Daozhou, who had been on a hunger strike for more than ten days, was taken to the Donghuamen execution ground. , bowed to the south again, Daozhou bit his finger and left a blood note to his family: "The principles will last forever, the integrity will last forever; heaven and earth know me, and my family will have no worries." "Before his execution, he shouted: "Is there anyone in the world who is afraid of death?" In the end, his head was severed and his body "stands still without a servant". He was sixty-one years old. After his death, people found "the lonely minister of the Ming Dynasty" in his clothes. The seven characters of "Zhuang Dao Zhou".
Huang Dao Zhou's calligraphy
The obituary reached Fujian, and Emperor Longwu "sent off the court in mourning" and gave him the posthumous title of "Zhonglie" as a gift to Ming Bo. He also ordered a "Min Zhong" temple to be built for Huang Daozhou in the Spring and Autumn Period. A hundred years later, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty changed his posthumous title to "Zhongduan" in the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), and ordered that Huang Daozhou be worshiped. Confucius Temple.