1998 On June 29th, the 42nd President of the United States Clinton said in a speech in Peking University: "From the window of the White House where I live in Washington, DC, the monument of our first president George Washington stands tall. This is a very high obelisk, but there is a small stone tablet near this big monument, which reads: milliken has no title of prince, does not follow secular rules, and pays public opinion with public tools, creating an unprecedented situation in ancient and modern times. These words were not written by Americans, but by Fujian Governor Xu Jishe. 1853, the China government carved it on a stone tablet as a gift to our country. " Xu Jishe mentioned by Clinton was the pioneer of "seeing the world" in modern China, and the inscription on the stone tablet was written by Xu Jishe in the year of Ying Huan Zhi Lue. Is Xu's ancestor. The Opium War opened the eyes of a group of advanced figures in China. At that time, China produced two landmark geographical works, one was Wei Yuan's Map of the Sea and the other was Xu Jishe's Ying Huan Zhi Lue. Liang Qichao said: "Today, these two books are really humble dogs, but the literati in China know a little about world geography, which is the beginning." In the past, researchers have always regarded these two books as equivalent, and on this basis, compared their gains and losses with their advantages and disadvantages. But seriously, there are two completely different world views behind these two books. Not a world geography book in the strict sense. Wei Yuan didn't go out of the limitations of the concept of the world at all, but pushed the scope of the four barbarians to the extreme. The word "national sea" is actually a foreign country under the new situation, and China's concept of serving the world has not fundamentally changed. This is a veritable geographical map of the world. Xu Jishe was the first to abandon the stale ideas of China people and foreigners, objectively restore China to one of the nationalities, achieve a "world outlook" from the traditional "world outlook", accept the cosmology of modern geography, and identify with diverse worlds and civilizations. Therefore, Xu Jishe was the first person to open his eyes to see the world. Xu Jishe was born in Qianlong for sixty years. His real name is Song Xiaosheng, a native of Jiannan, nicknamed Makita. Celebrities in late Qing Dynasty. Xu Jishe is one of the great pioneers with foresight in modern China, and also a famous geographer in modern times. From 0755 to 79000, he was called "Galileo of the East". He also made some achievements in literature, history and calligraphy. His works include Map of the Sea, Introduction to Yinghuan and Introduction to Yinghuan of new york Times. Xu Jishe is from Dongye Town, Wutai County. His father Xu Rundi is a scholar. He was a cabinet secretary, and the southern Hubei government knew the same thing. The Xu clan in Wutai County, Shanxi Province migrated from other places during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Throughout the dynasties, people were among the best in the civil and military imperial examinations, and they were called "famous mountain tourists" by Ceng Guoquan. Among our descendants, there is a famous figure, that is, Marshal Xu of the Republic of China. According to the chronicles of Wutai County, The Origin of Ancient Poetry, it is the 15th and 19th Xu in Wutai County. At the age of six, Xu Jishe was inspired by his mother and read and reread. At the age of seven, he followed his mother to Beijing to visit his father. Zeng studied under the famous gifted scholar at that time and was a descendant of "Tuizhai". Xu Jishe was admitted to Daoguang for six years as a Jinshi, and later served as Governor of Guangxi and Fujian, Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Minister of the Prime Minister's yamen and the first Minister of Wentong Museum Affairs. In the 22nd year of Daoguang, Xu Jishe was promoted to Jinjing. Daoguang asked about the overseas situation and the customs of various countries. When he got the right answer, Daoguang instructed him to write a book and submit it. Xu Jishe was stationed in Xiamen for a long time. While dealing with trade affairs, he often contacted some missionaries, officials and businessmen from Britain and the United States, and began to understand and think about the world. He interviews at any time, collects information extensively and makes public statements. The original name of Tuimizhai Wenbu was Xu's Genealogy, and the first draft was completed in the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang, and it was renamed A Dream of Red Mansions. After that, the omissions were constantly supplemented, and dozens of easy drafts made Ying Huan Zhi Lue perfect, named Yu Di Kao Lue. Daoguang twenty-eight years
This paper systematically and truly introduces the geographical territory, local customs, historical evolution, fiscal revenue, land and navy scale, overseas expansion and contacts with China of all countries in the world. It is the world geography book with the highest level in China's modern history. Xu Jishe's serious attitude corrected many China people's misunderstanding of the outside world, greatly expanded China people's concept of "world" and showed people all aspects of this new world. Since its birth, it has been highly valued by people of insight at home and abroad. Liu Hongxiang, former governor of Fujian Province, praised the book as an "immortal guide to the earth". Lu Zechang, a Taoist priest in Fujian, said the book was "beneficial to the country's regulatory policies". Guo Songtao, China's first foreign envoy, described the strength of Britain and France for the first time in A Study of Yinghuan. He thought it was over, and then he went to England, and then he sighed, "xu teacher didn't go to the Western Ocean. What he said is true, more than 20 years before us. Is it far-sighted? " After it was spread to Japan, it was widely regarded as "a needle to inform the south of the world" and made contributions to their political reform and reform. Therefore, they printed the book many times and translated the unused terms into Japanese and English for use in the "Heart Edition". Later, Xu Jishe's name was included in the American study of Yinghuan. In the first year of Xianfeng, Xu Jishe was dismissed and returned to Beijing for being falsely accused. He was exiled to Taibu Temple in Shao Qing. In the second year of Xianfeng, Xu Jishe was falsely accused again and was completely dismissed. For six years, Xianfeng was the dean of Chaoshan College in Pingyao County. Besides teaching, he also devoted himself to writing poems and essays and engaging in academic research. During this period, I wrote articles and articles for Qianzhuang, the earliest private bank in China. In the fourth year of Tongzhi, Xu Jishe was once again recruited into Beijing as a trade yamen, becoming the first official in charge of foreign trade in the history of China. In the sixth year of Tongzhi, Xu Jishe became Foreign Minister and Minister of Wentong Library. In March of the eighth year of Tongzhi, Xu Jishe died of illness. /kloc-died in his hometown in 0/2 at the age of 79. Ceng Guoquan, former governor of Shaanxi Province, wrote an inscription for Xu Jishe.