Character education in Zhou and Qin Dynasties

At present, the oldest and most mature script in China is Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. However, due to the lack of literature, it is not easy to speculate on how to carry out calligraphy education in Yin Shang schools. Earlier, we talked about the school education in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, including the writing education of six books. So how did the writing education in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties proceed? What teaching materials are used for teaching? But this is well documented.

According to documents, Shi Shuo pian is the earliest written book in China, which was written at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Original Book is a children's literacy textbook written in verse, and it is the earliest recorded children's literacy textbook in the history of China. The compilation and implementation of Shi Shuo pian is the first time in history to systematically sort out and standardize Chinese characters, and it is also the beginning of a fixed mode of Chinese character education and writing training, which marks the orderly and concrete implementation of imperial style and political thought around the world. According to the calligraphy collected in Shuo Wen Jie Zi and the orthography of Qin Wen in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, we can make the following speculation on the standardized big seal script and its writing training in Shi Shuo Pian.

First, the structural style and combination position of radicals tend to be fixed, that is, the writing style of glyphs is generally fixed. As for some glyphs, it is not clear whether they are for solemnity and complexity or for beauty. The standardization of font writing means the standardization of character education, which is undoubtedly a great progress compared with the relatively scattered characters of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Secondly, the bending and swinging of lines have been obviously improved in style, position in font and writing. It is the glyph of Da Zhuan that becomes more patterned, beautified and symbolized, and of course writing is more troublesome. In other words, the above changes highlight the value of character education and writing training, and make calligraphy more universal in technical sense. Thirdly, the Qin state completely retained the text education of Shi Shuo pian and improved it in practice. From the development clues of Qin Gongzhong, Qin Gonggui, Qin Cemetery and Shi Guwen in the Spring and Autumn Period, it is of great significance to study the changes of characters and education in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Fourthly, by the end of Qin dynasty, Chinese character education began to break away from the system of teachers' essays. Qin Shihuang promulgated the unified regular script of Xiao Zhuan, and did not take Shi Shuo Pian as a model like Cai Yong and Qin's old system. This may be due to the influence of six languages.

Cang Xie, Ji Li and Bo Xue were compiled in Qin Shihuang's Fan Shu as the standard model of character education and character training in primary schools, so as to popularize Biography. Although its national life is short, it has taken a solid and important step in eliminating six foreign languages, standardizing writing and guiding calligraphy to return to unity. It has influenced China culture, especially writing and calligraphy for two thousand years, and will continue.

In the history of China's calligraphy, taking calligraphy as a model, the training of literacy and writing at the same time began with Shi Shuo pian in the Western Zhou Xuanwang era, followed by Cang Xie pian, Ji Jie pian, Shuo Wen Jie Zi and Gan Lu Zi Shu. We call it calligraphy education. From Chen Zun's letter calligraphy in the late Western Han Dynasty to Liu Mu's letter calligraphy in cursive script in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, calligraphers' works have gradually become a calligraphy model parallel to calligraphy. This phenomenon is called "post-law education".